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1、vn构词法“构词法”是神马？Morphology (词形学)或Word Formation (构词法)：语言学家称专门研究词形变化和规则的学问。转化法 截短法合成法 混合法派生法首尾缩略法转化法.adv.adj.名词-动词 hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 nurse n. 护士 oil n. 油 time n. 时间 show n. 展示,秀 water n. 水vt. 上交vt. 坐vt. 护理vt. 上油vt. 定时，测时vt. 表演,秀vt. 浇水stop v. 停止 n.车站watch v. 观看 n. 手表look v. 看 n. 看walk v. 散步,走 n.散步lov
2、e v. 爱 n. 爱act v. 表演 n.演出guide v.指导 n. 指南taste v.尝 n. 味道形容词-动词open adj. 开着的 vt.开clean adj. 清洁的 vt.打扫slow adj. 慢的 vt. 放慢free adj. 自由的 vt.释放narrow adj.狭窄的 vt. 变窄1学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司合成法由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词。合成名词：名词+名词合成名
3、词：形容词/动名词+名词supermarket greenhouse reading room writing desk超市温室阅览室写字台workshop spaceship chairman boyfriend tearoom工作间宇宙飞船主席男朋友茶室washing machine boiling point 沸点洗衣机telephone receiver 听筒合成形容词man-made tax-free full-time人造的免税的全职的合成副词 everywhere forever however beforehand hotfoot meanwhile nearby到处永远然而事
4、先匆忙地与此同时附近English-speaking 说英语的two-year-old good-looking well-known face-to-face两岁的好看的著名的，周所周知面对面的2合成动词 underline overthrow overhear safeguard sleep-walk强调推翻偷听到保护，保卫梦游截头telephone phone airplane plane截头去尾influenza flu refrigerator fridge prescription script去尾mathematics mathsexamination examkilogram
5、kilolaboratory labwhite-wash 粉刷截短法截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、 去尾、截头去尾等形式。混合法将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news broadcast newscast 新闻广播television broadcast telecast 电视播送smoke and fog smog 烟雾helicopter airport heliport 直升飞机场首尾缩略法用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。very important person VIPthe United States of Amer
6、ica USATesting of English as a Foreign Language TOEFLGraduate Record Examination GRE3派生法在一个单词前或其后加上词缀，构成新的单词。1、否定前缀1. 名词后缀：表示人2. “空间、位置”2. 名词后缀：表示抽象事物或集合3. “共同、一起”3. 形容词后缀4. “时间、程度”4. 副词后缀5. “离开”5. 动词后缀1、否定前缀前缀举例记忆方法un-unfair不公平uncover 揭露un-+fair(公平的) un-+cover(盖子,盖住)im-, in-, ir-, il-irregular 不规则的
7、ir-+regular(规则的)mis-mistake 错误mis-+take(拿)dis-disable 使残废dis-+able(有能力的)non-nonsmoker 不吸烟者non-+smoker(吸烟者)anti-antiwar 反战的anti-+war(战争的)2. “空间、位置”前缀前缀举例记忆方法pre-, pro-在前progress 进步pro-+gress(走)fore- 在前forehead 前额fore-+head(头)ex- 向外export 出口ex-+port(运输,港口)in- 在内include 包含in-+clude(关闭)inter- 相互intervie
8、w 采访inter-+view(看)intro- 向内introduce 介绍intro-+duce(引导)前缀举例记忆方法be- 靠近beside 在旁边be-+side(边)sur- 在上surface 表面sur-+face(脸)out- 向外outlook 展望,向外看out-+look(看)trans- 转移translate 翻译trans-+lat(放)under- 在 下underline 强调,下划线under-+line(线)a- 在上, 向, 处于状态awake 唤醒a-+wake(醒来)43. “共同、一起”前缀前缀举例记忆方法com-(b,m,p) col-,con-
9、,cor-company 公司connect 联系com-+pany(bread)co-cooperate 合作co-+operate(操作)sym-sympathy 同情心sym-+pathy(感情,疾病)4. “时间、程度”前缀前缀举例记忆方法extra- 格外extraordinary 特别的extra-+ordinary(平常的)over- 超过overcome 克服over-+come(来)super- 超过superpower 超能力super-+power(能力)re- 重复review 复习re-+view(看)fore-提前foretell 预言fore-+tell(说)po
10、st 在后postwar 战后post-+war(战争)ad-加强admire 羡慕,钦佩ad-+mire(惊奇)a5. “离开”前缀前缀举例记忆方法-away 离开a-+way(路)de-depart 离开de-+part(部分)se-separate 分开se-+par(部分)+ate(v.)for-forgive 原谅for-+giv(给)1. 常用名词后缀：表示人后缀举例-erspeaker, lawyer, foreigner-ordirector, governor, professor-eervolunteer, engineer-resswaitress, actress-ci
11、anmusician, politician-eseJapanese, Chinese-istartist, socialist, scientist52. 常用名词后缀：表示抽象事物或集合后缀举例-mentachievement, judgement-ion,-sion, -ition,-cationpollution, permission,education, addition-shipfriendship, leadership-hoodchildhood, neighbourhood-ismsocialism, Marxism-nesskindness, happiness后缀举例-
12、agepackage, marriage-urefaliure, pleasure-yinjury, difficulty-ance/enceappearance, difference-domwisdom, freedom-thwealth, width-ingfeeling, building3. 常用形容词后缀后缀举例-able,-iblereasonable, comfortable, horrible-al/ia/ualtechnical, material-fulbeautiful, wonderful, thankful-lessuseless, homeless-ous/iou
13、scurious, nervous, serious-ic/icalscientific, historical-aryextraordinary, revolutionary4. 常用副词后缀后缀举例-lyunfortunately, naturally, finally, immediately, easily, seriously-ward/wardsnorthward, backward, forward, toward, afterwards65. 常用动词后缀后缀举例-ensharpen, strengthen, shorten-fybeautify, satisfy, terri
14、fy-ize/iserealize, modernize-ateeducate, operate, graduate, separate-ishpublish, astonish【例1】 利用构词法猜测词义1. She nursed her husband back to health.2. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxietyhad clouded her judgment.【例2】(北京卷)Good tool design is important in the prevention ofoveruse injuries. We
15、ll designed tools and equipmentwill require less force to operate them and preventawkward (别扭的) hand positions.【例3】(全国卷)With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.7斐斐点睛：“构词法”Morphology (词形学)或Word Formation (构词法)：语言学家称专门研究词形变化和规则的学问。A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.只要有一个人还有所追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想， 一个人才算老。 J. Barrymore (巴里穆尔)转化法 截短法合成法混合法派生法首尾缩略法8