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1、 句子成分句子成分导 入英语的基本构成：英语的基本构成：音节音节单词单词词组词组句子句子段落段落中文的基本构成：字中文的基本构成：字词词句句段落段落导 入英语英语：词形变化，强调时间，词形变化，强调时间，句子结句子结构严谨构严谨，开门见山开门见山中文中文：短句简单句，结构松散，语短句简单句，结构松散，语序达意，喜铺垫序达意，喜铺垫简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句句子分类（按结构）基本成分基本成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语、插入语状语、补足语和同位语、插入语关键成分：关键成分：主、动、宾、补、状主、动、宾、补、状句子的成分主语(Subj
2、ect)1.1.定义定义句子的主体句子的主体2.2.构成元素构成元素代词、名词、短语、从句代词、名词、短语、从句主语(Subject)HeHe is the most studious in the class.is the most studious in the class.他是班里最用功的学生。他是班里最用功的学生。ShakespeareShakespeare lived in the 16 lived in the 16thth and early and early 1717thth century.century.莎士比亚生活在十六世纪到十七世纪早期。莎士比亚生活在十六世纪到十七世
3、纪早期。PaintingsPaintings are my favorite.are my favorite.我最喜欢画我最喜欢画作作。主语(Subject)Smoking cigarettes Smoking cigarettes causes trouble causes trouble in the lungs.in the lungs.吸烟会对肺部造成损伤。吸烟会对肺部造成损伤。Who will be our monitor Who will be our monitor hasnt hasnt been decided yet.been decided yet.现在还没有决定谁会成为
4、我们的班长。现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。谓语(Verb)1.1.定义定义主语的动作、状态、特征主语的动作、状态、特征2.2.构成元素构成元素动词动词谓语(Verb)HeHe isis the most studious in the class.the most studious in the class.他是班里最用功的学生。他是班里最用功的学生。Shakespeare Shakespeare livedlived in the 16 in the 16thth and early and early 1717thth century.century.莎士比亚生活在十六世纪到十七世纪早
5、期。莎士比亚生活在十六世纪到十七世纪早期。Paintings Paintings areare my favorite.my favorite.我最喜欢画我最喜欢画作作。谓语(Verb)Smoking cigarettes Smoking cigarettes causescauses trouble in trouble in the lungs.the lungs.吸烟会对肺部造成损伤。吸烟会对肺部造成损伤。Who will be our monitor Who will be our monitor hasnt been hasnt been decideddecided yet.yet
6、.现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。宾语(Object)1.1.定义定义动作的对象动作的对象2.2.构成元素构成元素代词（宾格）、名词、短语、从句代词（宾格）、名词、短语、从句宾语(Object)I saw I saw herher with them,at least,I thought with them,at least,I thought it was her.it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。We can find We can find many sports facilities m
7、any sports facilities on on the playground of this primary school.the playground of this primary school.我们发现这所小学的操场上放着很多运动设施。我们发现这所小学的操场上放着很多运动设施。宾语(Object)He met He met a girl in red dress a girl in red dress this this morning.morning.他今早遇到了一个穿红裙子的女孩。他今早遇到了一个穿红裙子的女孩。He cant stop thinking about He c
8、ant stop thinking about who who that girl is.that girl is.他总是在想那个女孩他总是在想那个女孩是谁是谁。表语(Predicative)1.1.定义定义表明主语的性质、特征、身份表明主语的性质、特征、身份2.2.构成元素构成元素形容词形容词、名词、短语、从句、名词、短语、从句3.3.必须与系动词搭配必须与系动词搭配表语(Predicative)The new treatment is The new treatment is excellentexcellent.新的治疗非常有效。新的治疗非常有效。Mr.Jacob was Mr.Jaco
9、b was Tonys former employerTonys former employer.杰先生是托尼的前任雇主。杰先生是托尼的前任雇主。The answer is The answer is what you had in mind.what you had in mind.答案就是你想到的那样。答案就是你想到的那样。定语1.1.定义定义修饰名词修饰名词2.2.构成元素构成元素形容词形容词、名词、短语、从句、名词、短语、从句定语 I prefer I prefer goldgold ring to ring to diamonddiamond ring.ring.比起钻戒我更喜欢金戒
10、指。比起钻戒我更喜欢金戒指。If the If the littlelittle boy had been given boy had been given thethe best medical best medical care,he would not have care,he would not have died.died.如果这个小男孩得到了最好的医疗，他或许不如果这个小男孩得到了最好的医疗，他或许不会死。会死。定语 In the end,we found the actual cost In the end,we found the actual cost of this pro
11、gram of this program was much higher was much higher than the original estimate.than the original estimate.最后，我们发现项目的实际花费远高于最最后，我们发现项目的实际花费远高于最初的预算。初的预算。定语 Nowadays more and more students seem Nowadays more and more students seem reluctant to help their classmates reluctant to help their classmates
12、who who have difficulties in studieshave difficulties in studies.现在，越来越多的学生不情愿帮助学习有困现在，越来越多的学生不情愿帮助学习有困难的同学。难的同学。状语（Adverbial）1.1.定义定义修饰动词、形容词、副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子、句子2.2.构成元素构成元素单词单词、短语、从句、短语、从句词的状语，句子的状语状语（Adverbial）I hope I can speak English I hope I can speak English fluentlyfluently.我希望我能流利地说英语。我希望我
13、能流利地说英语。A friend of mine returned to his A friend of mine returned to his house house after a holidayafter a holiday,only to find,only to find it had been broken into.it had been broken into.我朋友休假结束回家，发现他家被人破门我朋友休假结束回家，发现他家被人破门而入了。而入了。状语（Adverbial）When something terrible happens to When something te
14、rrible happens to our friends,our friends,we often cant we often cant respond properly.respond properly.当我们的朋友遇到不幸的时候，我们常当我们的朋友遇到不幸的时候，我们常常没有办法恰到好处地回应。常没有办法恰到好处地回应。补语（Complement）1.1.定义定义补充说明主语、宾语，缺失后语义补充说明主语、宾语，缺失后语义不完整不完整2.2.分类分类主语补足语主语补足语、宾语补足语宾语补足语补语（Complement）1 1）主语补足语）主语补足语主语前、谓语后主语前、谓语后表语通常表语
15、通常=主语补语主语补语补语（Complement）I feel I feel nervousnervous.我感到很紧张。我感到很紧张。Tired and sleepy,Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.I went to bed.我又累又困地去睡觉了。我又累又困地去睡觉了。被动语态时，主语补语不是表语。被动语态时，主语补语不是表语。He was caught alive.He was caught alive.他被活捉了。他被活捉了。补语（Complement）2 2）宾语补足语）宾语补足语宾语后宾语后He made her He made her laughla
16、ugh.她被他逗笑了。她被他逗笑了。My mother will not allow me My mother will not allow me to marry to marry herher.我母亲不让我和她结婚。我母亲不让我和她结婚。I found the cinema I found the cinema emptyempty.我发现电影院空无一人。我发现电影院空无一人。同位语 两个句子成分，语法地位相同，描述对象一致，起解释说两个句子成分，语法地位相同，描述对象一致，起解释说明作用的那个为同位语明作用的那个为同位语。BeijingBeijing,the capital of Chi
17、na,the capital of China,is a beautiful city.is a beautiful city.北京，中国的首都，是个美丽的城市。北京，中国的首都，是个美丽的城市。SusanSusan,my best friend,my best friend,will come to visit me in the will come to visit me in the coming ing holiday.假期我的好朋友苏珊要来看我。假期我的好朋友苏珊要来看我。插入语 不是句子的成分，去掉后句子结构完整。不是句子的成分，去掉后句子结构完整。My best friend M
18、y best friend-the one who lives in New Zealand-the one who lives in New Zealand-is coming over next winter.is coming over next winter.我最好的朋友我最好的朋友在新西兰住的那个在新西兰住的那个明年冬天过来。明年冬天过来。These supplementsThese supplements,as you knowas you know,are good for are good for health.health.这些保健品，就像你知道的那样，有益于健康。这些保健品
19、，就像你知道的那样，有益于健康。常见的词组或句子作插入语MostMostimportantimportantofofallall,wewemustmustlearnlearna allllthetheskills.skills.最重要的是，我们必须掌握所有的技巧。最重要的是，我们必须掌握所有的技巧。Strange to say,Strange to say,I believe we have I believe we have met before.met before.说来奇怪，我确信我们见过。说来奇怪，我确信我们见过。常见的词组或句子作插入语TwoTwopassengerspassenge
20、rsfellfellintointothethesea.sea.UnfortunatelUnfortunately y,neitherneitherofofthemthemcouldcouldswim.swim.两个乘客跌入大海，不幸的是，他们都不会游泳。两个乘客跌入大海，不幸的是，他们都不会游泳。Frankly/Honestly,Frankly/Honestly,I dont think he loves I dont think he loves you that much.you that much.坦率地说，我不觉得他那么爱你。坦率地说，我不觉得他那么爱你。常见的词组或句子作插入语In
21、Ina awayway,I Ithinkthinkwewebothbothwonwonininthethegame.game.从某种意义上来说，我认为在这场比赛中我们从某种意义上来说，我认为在这场比赛中我们都赢了。都赢了。to her regret to her regret 令她遗憾的是令她遗憾的是above all/first of all above all/first of all 首先首先in conclusion/in a word in conclusion/in a word 总之总之as a ruleas a rule 通常通常常见的词组或句子作插入语Judging from
22、 Judging from her facial expression,I her facial expression,I think mums really mad.think mums really mad.根据妈妈的表情，我猜她已经火大了。根据妈妈的表情，我猜她已经火大了。generally speaking generally speaking 一般而言一般而言talking of talking of 谈到谈到strictly speaking strictly speaking 严格来说严格来说generally considering generally considering 一般认为一般认为Thank You Thank You!