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1、冲刺高考特殊句式冲刺高考特殊句式点击此处添加副标题考点一 祈使句、感叹句和省略句1.祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式:动词原形(宾语其他成分);Be表语,如Be honest.;Lets/Let us do/not do sth.;祈使句and/or简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。2.感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语!Whatadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语!What lovely child
2、ren they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!(2)how引导的感叹句Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语!Howadj./adv.主语谓语!How主语谓语!How interesting a story it is!What an interesting story it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!3.省略句省略是高考经常涉及的语法点,常考的几种省略情况如下:(1)状语从句的省略:在when,while,if,as if,though,as,whether等连词引导的状语从句中,如果谓语有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it,则从句的主语和be常常省略。(2)不定式中的省略
3、:在一定的上下文中为了避免重复,可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to,否定形式的省略用not to,但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be,have(作助动词用),通常保留be或have。(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略:当if从句中有had,should,were时,可以省去if,同时把had,should,were置于句首。单句语法填空1.attractive and inviting Hangzhou is!2.Get up early tomorrow.If,you will miss the early bus.1 1答答案案与与解解析析:HowHow 考考
4、查感感叹句句。根根据据该句句中中的的“attractive attractive and and invitinginviting”以以及及“HowHowadjadj.主主语谓语!”结构构可可知知,此此处应用用HowHow来来引引导该感感叹句。句。2 2答答案案与与解解析析:notnot句句意意:明明天天早早起起。如如果果不不早早起起的的话,你你将将会会错过早早班班车。在在if if so/notso/not省省略略句句式式中中,so/notso/not指指代代上上一一句句的的内内容容,根根据据miss miss the the early early busbus可知,可知,设空空处是指是指
5、“不早起不早起”。考点二 强调句强调句是高考考查的难点,在理解强调句时,学生要注意以下6点:1.被强调部分是人时,连接词that/who都可以;非人时,用that。2.强调句的一般疑问句结构:Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who其他部分。3.强调句的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分?When When was was it it thatthat he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的?4.含not.until.的强调句型:It is/was not until.that其他部分。5.把句
6、子中的“It is/was.that/who”去掉之后,句子依然成立,就是强调句,否则就不是强调句。6.如果需要强调谓语,应用助动词do,does或did。The family did did managemanage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。单句语法填空1.Although it was ten years ago I read the book,it shows me a universal truth that books are friends,always pushing us to move on.2.It
7、wasnt until in high school I began to trust other people again.1 1答答案案与与解解析析:thatthat分分析析句句子子结构构可可知知,本本句句为强调句句型型,强调时间状状语。故填故填thatthat。2 2答答案案与与解解析析:thatthat句句意意:直直到到上上了了高高中中我我才才开开始始再再次次信信任任别人人。本本句句考考查强调句句型型“It It is/wasis/was被被强调部部分分that/whothat/who其其他他成成分分”,且且强调时间状状语。故填。故填thatthat。考点三 两种形式的倒装句1.部分倒
8、装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never,seldom,rarely,little,few,at no time,by no means,no longer,hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.,not until,nowhere,neither.nor.等。Not Not untiluntil I lost my job did did I I realizerealize I should improve my working skills.直到我失业了,我才意识到我
9、应该提高我的工作技能。(2)“only状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。Only Only whenwhen you can find peace in your heart will will you you keepkeep good relationships with others.只有当你能找到内心的平静,你才能和别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such.that.结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。SuchSuch great progress did he make thatthat he was praised.他取得了如此大的
10、进步,以至于受到了表扬。(4)表 示 前 面 所 说 的 情 况 也 适 用 于 后 者 时,用 倒 装 结 构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。I saw the film The Great Wall last week,so so did did sheshe.我上周看了电影长城,她也看了。2.完全倒装here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,on the wall,in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且句子主语为名词时,句子用全部倒
11、装。The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city.ThereThere stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点,许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。单句语法填空1.Between rows of trees (stand)a new building,which is supposed to be our new library.2.At the top of the hill (lie)an old cottage which
12、has a wonderful view of the whole city.1答答案案与与解解析析:stands句句意意:几几排排树之之间耸立立着着一一座座新新建建筑筑,应该是是我我们的的新新图书馆。表表示示地地点点的的介介词短短语位位于于句句首首,且且句句子子主主语为名名词时,句句子子用用完完全全倒倒装装语序序,本本句句为一一般般性性的的描描述述,用用一一般般现在在时,主主语a new building为第第三三人人称称单数,数,谓语动词应用第三人称用第三人称单数。故填数。故填stands。2答答案案与与解解析析:lies当当介介词短短语置置于于句句首首时,句句子子应用用完完全全倒倒装装,
13、去去除除修修饰部部分分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后后,还原原成成正正常常语序序为:An old cottage _(lie)at the top of the hill.句句意意:山山顶上上坐坐落落着着一一间能能一一览全全城城美美景的古老小屋。景的古老小屋。结合定合定语从句的从句的时态可以判断,此可以判断,此处应用一般用一般现在在时。故填。故填lies。.语法填空Located next to the Chishui River,Bingan,an ancient town in Guizhou Province,used to b
14、e an important gateway between Sichuan and Guizhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties.In addition to the 1.(new)constructed suspension bridge,only boats could make the town 2.(access).This heritage(遗产)of inconvenient transportation has preserved the towns traditional culture and structures so far.1答
15、答案案与与解解析析:newly考考查副副词。句句意意:除除了了新新建建的的悬索索桥,只只有有坐坐船船才才能能到到达达这个个镇子子。本本句句中中修修饰过去去分分词constructed要要用用副副词,newly constructed意意为“新建的新建的”。2答答案案与与解解析析:accessible考考查形形容容词。句句意意:除除了了新新建建的的悬索索桥外外,这个个城城镇只只有有靠靠乘乘船船才才能能到到达达。分分析析句句子子可可知知,在在使使役役动词make和和宾语后后需需要要形形容容词作作宾补,accessible意意为“可到达的可到达的”,符合,符合题意。意。3.is difficult
16、to find an area of flat land to build residents houses because the town 4.(found)in a mountainous region many years ago.3 3答答案案与与解解析析:ItIt考考查形形式式主主语。句句意意:因因为这个个镇子子是是多多年年前前在在一一个个山山区区里里被被建建立立的的,找找到到一一块平平原原地地区区来来建建造造住住所所是是很很困困难的的。分分析析句句子子可可知知,此此处需需在在固固定定句句型型It It isis形形容容词to to do do sth.sth.中中作作形形式式主主
17、语,真真正正的的主主语为后后面面的的动词不定式短不定式短语。4 4答答案案与与解解析析:was was foundedfounded考考查时态和和语态。句句意意:因因为这个个镇子子是是多多年年前前在在一一个个山山区区里里被被建建立立的的,找找到到一一块平平原原地地区区来来建建造造住住所所是是很很困困难的的。分分析析句句子子可可知知,该句句谓语动词foundfound与与主主语之之间为被被动关关系系,符符合合被被动语态,且且根根据据时间状状语many years agomany years ago可知,此可知,此处动词应该使用一般使用一般过去去时的被的被动语态。However,locals qu
18、ickly adopted existing technologies,such as silted(吊脚)houses with wooden framed,to satisfy basic military 5.economic needs.If viewed from across the river on the highway,a large number of three tofivestorey houses 6.(support)by hundreds of logs(原木)can be seen.5 5答答案案与与解解析析:andand考考查连词。句句意意:然然而而,当当地地
19、人人很很快快采采用用了了现有有的的技技术,如如搭搭建建木木结构构吊吊脚脚楼楼以以满足足基基本本的的军事事和和经济需需求求。分分析析句句子子结构构可可知知,此此空空连接两个并列的定接两个并列的定语militarymilitary和和economiceconomic,要用,要用连词andand。6 6答答案案与与解解析析:supportedsupported考考查非非谓语动词。句句意意:如如果果从从河河对岸岸的的高高速速公公路路上上看看,能能看看到到许多多靠靠上上百百根根原原木木支支撑撑的的三三到到五五层的的房房子子。本本句句为非非谓语动词作作后后置置定定语修修饰houseshouses,且且su
20、pportsupport与与之之构构成成逻辑上上的的动宾关关系系。故故使使用用其其过去去分分词形式。形式。There 7.(be)four stone gates on each side of the town,making Bingan more a solid castle 8.a town.7 7答答案案与与解解析析:areare考考查主主谓一一致致。句句意意:在在镇子子的的四四面面有有四四个个石石门,这让丙丙安安古古镇更更像像是是个个坚固固的的城城堡堡而而非非城城镇。there there bebe句句型型中中应该使使用用就就近近一一致致原原则,其其主主语four four ston
21、e stone gatesgates为复复数数;且且叙叙述述客客观事事实,符符合合一一般般现在在时。故故bebe动词使用使用areare。8 8答答案案与与解解析析:thanthan考考查固固定定搭搭配配。句句意意:在在镇子子的的四四面面有有四四个个石石门,这让丙丙安安古古镇更更像像是是个个坚固固的的城城堡堡而而非非城城镇。该句句中中有有比比较级moremore,结合合句句意意应搭配搭配thanthan表示表示“与其与其说不如不如说”。The new suspension bridge spans the Chishui River.Standing in the middle part of
22、 the bridge,visitors may get an overall view of Bingan town and the high mountains around.It is the best location 9._(take)photos.Along the blue stone pieces covered with moss,the old buildings shaded by woods take people back in time to ancient China.10._(record)the history of the town,the old hous
23、es and walls look like faded pictures.9答答案案与与解解析析:to take考考查非非谓语动词。句句意意:这是是最最佳佳的的拍拍照照地地点点。由由句句意可知,意可知,这里里应使用不定式作后置定使用不定式作后置定语修修饰location。10答答案案与与解解析析:Recording考考查非非谓语动词。句句意意:记录着着镇子子的的历史史,这些些旧旧房房子子和和墙面面看看起起来来就就像像一一幅幅幅幅褪褪色色的的画画卷卷。分分析析句句子子可可知知,这里里需需要要非非谓语动词作作状状语,且且record与与逻辑主主语 the old houses and walls
24、 为主主谓关关系系,故故使使用其用其现在分在分词形式。形式。.短文改错The other day our school had organized a traditional culture festival.Hearing this news,we were very exciting and decided to make Hanfu with old newspapers.First,we surfed the Internet for the Hanfus original culture and different style.With the information collect
25、ed,we started to design their own style.After a couple of attempts,our design was finally created.Immediately,we got down work.We cut the newspapers,stick the pieces together and even colored them.Finally,until our show time came,we walked the runway wear our elegant Hanfu and the audience cheered and applauded wildly.This activity gave us a strongly sense of achievement.More importantly,we gained pride or knowledge about our traditional culture.