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1、初二语法专题数词仔细观察图片，说出每张图片的物品的个数仔细观察图片，说出每张图片的物品的个数four bananas two birds three wolves four sheep an orange 知识梳理知识梳理英语中用来表示事物的数量和顺序的单词叫做数词。根据数词的特征和用法，可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示具体的数目，序数词表示具体的顺序。数词的分类数词的分类知识梳理（一）基数词的构成1.1-12的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式，如：one，two，eleven，twelve 2.13-19 的基数词以-teen结尾，如 thirteen，fifteen，eighteen，n
2、ineteen 3.0-90十位的整数都以-ty结尾，如twenty，forty，fifty，eighty 等4.其他两位数的数词，在十位数与个位数加连字符-，如twenty-eight，forty-nine 5.三位数先说“几百”，再说 and，再加末尾两位数或末位数，如358要说成three hundred and fifty-eight基数词的构成和用法基数词的构成和用法知识梳理（二）基数词的用法1当表示具体数量时，hundred，thousand，million等前面用具体的基数词或several，many等词修饰，只能用作单数形式；当表示模糊数量时，hundred，thousand，
3、million等要用复数形式，并且与of连用，意思为“成百上千”、“成千上万”；当表示“在中占（多少）”时，hundred，thousand，million等可同时与具体的基数词和of连用。如：There are three thousand（三千）students in our school.Hundreds of（成百上千）people took part in the winter running.Two hundred of（两百）the students in our schooljoined in the reading contest.基数词的构成和用法基数词的构成和用法知识梳理
4、2.表示编号时，编号的数字如果过小，可用序数词或基数词表示；如果数字较大，通常用基数词表示。如：Lesson Ten=The tenth lesson 第10课，Room 405 第405号房，Page 215 第215页，No.14 Middle School 第14中学，Telephone NO.5855806 电话：58558063.表示什么世纪，什么年代时，通常在数词后加s或s，并在年代前加定冠词the，如1980s（20世纪80年代），读作：nineteen eighties.His grandfather died in the 1970s。他爷爷死于20世纪70年代。基数词的构成
5、和用法基数词的构成和用法知识梳理4.表示具体的高度、宽度、深度、距离等含义时，可以用“基数词+单位名词（数量大于1时用复数）+形容词”这类短语。如：It is 50 metres/kilometers/miles long（wide，deep，high）.它有50米/千米/英里长（宽、深、高）。My brother is eighteen years old.我的哥哥十八岁。5.“基数词+单数名词”和“基数词+单数名词+形容词”的结构可以构成复合形容词，这些词之间必须用连字符-链接，只能用作定语来修饰名词。如：I have a seven-day holiday.我有一个七天的假期。I hav
6、e an eighteen-year-old brother.我有一个十八岁的哥哥。基数词的构成和用法基数词的构成和用法知识梳理6.表示年龄和岁数 1）表示年龄的主要句式如下：He is a boy of 10 yeas old.He is 10 yeas old.At the age of ten,he began to learn English.He is 10(years of age).He is a ten-year-old boy.2）介词in+ones twenties（thirties.）表示“在某人20多岁（30多岁.）”。如：My father is in his fif
7、ties.我爸爸50多岁。When he was in his forties,he began to learn English.当他40多岁时，他开始学英语。基数词的构成和用法基数词的构成和用法知识梳理7.分数的表达方式是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是one时，分母不必加s；分子大于 one时，分母要加s.如：a（=one）third 三分之一 one fifth 五分之一 three fourths 四分之三 two thirds 三分之二 Two thirds of the trees were cut down the years ago.10年前三分之二的树木被砍伐了。8.百
8、分数的表达方式是：基数词+percent（单数形式）+of+名词。如：Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.我班30%的学生来自城市。About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.大约61%的表面被水覆盖着。基数词的构成和用法基数词的构成和用法知识梳理（一）序数词的构成1.序数词的基本构成一般是在相对应的基数词后加-th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则变化。如：one-first，three-third，two-second，five-fifth，ni
9、ne-ninth，twelve-twelfth2.以-ty 结尾的基数词变序数词的规则是把y 改成ie，再加-th。如：twenty-twentieth 3.其他的两位数或多位数的序数词，只将个位的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。如：twenty-one-twenty-first 4.整百位数的序数词在词尾加 th，如 one hundred-one hundredth序数词的构成和用法序数词的构成和用法知识梳理（二）序数词的用法1.“序数词+形容词最高级”构成的短语，表示“第几（大、长）”等含义 This is the _（第二长的）river in the world.2.序数词前面一般
10、有定冠词the修饰，但也有例外。1）序数词前面有物主代词时：They celebrated her etighteenth birthday.他们庆祝了她的十八岁生日。2）表示“再一、又一”的意识时：Well read it a second time.我们将再阅读一次。3.序数词作为街道名称时，前面不加定冠词 the，如：Fifth Avenue 第五大道。序数词的构成和用法序数词的构成和用法知识梳理1.times形容词（副词）比较级than.This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.=This hall is six times a
11、s big as our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍大）2.timesas形容词（或much）或副词原级as The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.飞机飞得是风筝的十倍高。倍数的表达倍数的表达知识梳理3.timesthe名词（size，height，weight，length，wid
12、th）of This street is four times the length of that one.=This street is four timeslonger than that one.=This street is four times aslong as that one.4.timesthat of被比对象表示“是倍”。如：In this workshop,the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的三点五倍。The size of the newly broadened square
13、is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。倍数的表达倍数的表达典型例题3典型例题1.Please turn to page _ and take a look at the picture on it.A.the eightieth B.eightieth C.eighties D.eighty2.He has failed_ times,buthe wont give up a _ chance.A.third;four B.three;fourth C.third;fourth典型例题1.【解析】答案：D 根据句意，可知这里的
14、意思是请翻到第八十页，看一看上面的图片，表示第几页要用page+基数词这样的固定搭配表示，故选D。2.【解析】答案：B 根据语境，times是复数，应该用大于一的基数词来修饰，后半句中chance是单数形式并且空前有冠词a，a+序数词表示“再一次，又一次”，故第二空只能填序数词fouth来修饰名词chance，所以答案为B。典型例题3.Meimei is going to be an older sister.Her parents are planning to have their _ child.A.one B.two C.first D.second 4.More than two _
15、 trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundredof典型例题3.【解析】答案：D 根据第一句话得知Meimei要成为姐姐了，说明这个家庭已经有一个孩子了，所以下文中应该是她的父母打算再要一个，即第二个孩子，用序数词来表示，故选D。4.【解析】答案：A 根据语境可知，空缺应是一个具体的数two hondred，当表示具体的数字的时候hundred用单数，且不和of连用，故答案为A。典型例题5.-What do you think of the environ
16、ment here?-Wonderful!_ ofthe land _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifths;is B.Two fifth;is C.Two fifths;are D.Two fifth;are6.A year is divided into _ months.August is the _ month of the year.A.twelve;eight B.twelve;eighth C.twelfth;eight D.twelfth;eighth典型例题5.【解析】答案：A 根据选项可知，第一个空所缺为分数，分数的表达法为分子
17、基数词，分母序数词，分子大于一，分母加s，所以五分之二的表达方法为two fifths；当分数作主语时，其后的谓语动词的单复数取决于它所修饰的名词，即此处的land，land意为陆地，土地，为不可数名词，所以第二个空缺处应用is，故选A。6.【解析】答案：B 根据句意“一年被分成12个月，八月是一年中第八个月”，第一个设空处后面是复数名词，需要用基数词twelve强调数量，第二个设空处根据前面的定冠词the和后面的名词单数形式，判断需要用序数词作定语，表示“第几个”，eight的序数词是eighth，故选B。典型例题7.-The 15th Chinese Bridge-Chinese Prof
18、iciency Competition will beneld this year!-Thats great!_ foreign college students are interested in Chinese learning.A.Hundred of B.Thousands C.Hundred D.Thousands of 8.He climbedso fast that he reached _ floor in two minutes A.nine B.the nine C.the ninth D.ninth典型例题7.【解析】答案：D 根据hundred和thousand的用法，
19、当表示具体的数字的时候hundred及thousand用单数，当表示不确定的数目时用复数，而且要与of连用，选项中只有D符合这两项特征，故答案为D。8.【解析】答案：C floor 是可数名词，如果前面是nine的话，其应为floors，所以排除A和B，序数词做定语前面必须加the，所以排除D，故答案为C。课堂练习4课堂练习一.单项选择。1._ the books were soldyesterday.A.Two hundred B.Two hundred of C.Twohundreds D.Two hundreds of2.My father joined the army _.A.in
20、his twenty B.in his twenties C.at the twenties D.in his twentieth 3.The hole is big enough to hold _ people.A.three hundred B.three hundreds C.three hundred of D.three hundreds of 课堂练习4.They sent a _ girl to the hospital last night A.ten year old B.ten-year-old C.ten years old D.ten-years-old 5.Its
21、said that _ of the students like to help their parents with the housework A.third-fifth B.three-fifths C.thirds-fifth D.three-fifth6.The earth is _ the moon.A.the size of 49 times B.49times of the size C.49 times the size of D.49times of课堂练习7.There are _ people in Toms family.They live on the _ floo
22、r.A.five;nineth B.fifth;nine C.five;ninth D.fifth;ninth 8.-Jack,_ of the oranges _ gone bad.-Wed bettereat up the rest as soon as possible.A.one fifth;have B.one fifth;has C.one fifths;have D.firstfive;has 9.Unluckily,_ people were killed in the earthquake.A.two thousands B.thousand of C.two thousan
23、ds of D.thousands of课堂练习10.We shall have a _ holiday after the final exam.A.three weeks B.three-week C.three weeks D.three-weeks11.We can go to Shanghai Forest Park easily through Xiangyin Road Tunnel which is _.A.2-kilometre-long B.2kilometreslong C.2-kilometre long D.2-kilometres-long12.We will ha
24、ve a _ holiday in February soon.What about going to the West Lake?A.seven days B.seven-days C.seven-days D.seven-day课堂练习二.词形转换1.Johnny was lucky enough to win the _ prize in the math constant.(one)2.We live on the _ floor in the highrise.(nineteen)3.Its my _ time to win the English reading contest t
25、his year.(two)4.Two _ of the machines on display were new items.(five)5.Lesson _ is the most difficultlesson in this Englishtext book.(eleventh)6.China has become the _ country to send her astronauts into space.(three)7.Karl Marx began to learn Russian in his _(fifty)8.Mrs.Brownis going to buy a pre
26、sent to her sons _ birthday.(twelve)课堂练习【答案】一.15BBABB 610 CCADB 1112BD二.1.first 2.nineteenth 3.second 4.fifths 5.Eleven 6.third 7.fifties 8.twelfth课后检测5课后检测一.单项选择。1.It is the _ time in one week that you broke dishes.A.third B.three C.thirty D.two-thirds2.About _ of the clerks in this office are unde
27、r the age of 40.A.three-fifths B.third fifths C.third-five D.three five3.-How much willit cost to build the schoollibrary?-About four _ yuan.A.million B.millions C.millions of D.million of4.-Which class won the match in the end?-Im not quite sure.Maybe _ did.A.Class Third B.Class three C.third Class
28、 D.Class Three课后检测5.The boy will stay there for _.A.one and half B.one and a half hour C.one and half hours D.one and a half hours6.-Do you know when Christmas Day is?-Its on _.A.December 24th B.January lst C.December 25th D.Octoberlst7.Our school will organize a _ study trip to Canada during the su
29、mmer vacation.A.ten days B.ten-day C ten-days D.ten day课后检测8.After _ talk,they decided togo to Beijing on holiday.A.two hour B.two hours C.two-hours D.two hours9.-What do you think of the new books?-There are so many new words in _ chapter.Its a bit hard.A.fifth B.five C.the fifth D.the five10.We ha
30、d learned about _ English words by the end of last term.A.nine hundreds and forty-five-B.nine hundreds of and forty-five C.nine hundred and forty-five D nine hundred and fourty-five课后检测二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.-How many times have you been to Africa?-_.(two)2.The news headlines come _.(one)3.Look！The _ from
31、the right is my bike.(nine)4.Another name for _ school is height school.(second)5.Pudong will celebrate its _ year of development.(thirty)课后检测6.The new library is on the _ floor ofthe new building.(five)7.There are altogether _ players in one football team.(twelfth)8.Its your _ time to be late for c
32、lass this semester.(three)9.My grandfather fought bravely in the AntiJapanese War in his _.(twenty)10.Although _ of the Earths surface is covered with water,_ of it is salt water in the sea.(3/4,97%)课后检测【答案】一.15 AAADD 610 CBDCC二.1.Twice 2.first 3.ninth 4.secondary 5.thirtieth 6.fifth 7.twelve 8.third 9.twenties 10.three-fourth;ninety-seven percent谢谢观看