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1、Unit21HumanBiologyStep1诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章(2018全国卷语法填空改编)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslongerthannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorforlongtoseethebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdyingearlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyoulive
2、forever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.Two of theauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwi
3、se.itsprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthenyourlegmuscles,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditsalwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgiveitatry.按要求完成任务1.写出文章中表示
4、sports的单词和短语。_2.写出文章中的优美句式。_running,exercise,strengthenlegmuscles,walking,cycling,swimming,energeticWhilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.Step2固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.seekvt.寻找;探求;追求;征求;试图vi.寻找;探求;追求【典型例句】Itiswisetoseekhelpa
5、ndadviceassoonaspossible.尽快寻求帮助和建议乃明智之举。【词块必记】seeksth.(fromsb.)(向某人)请求/寻求某物seekafter/forsb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)seekonesfortune寻找成功(致富)的机会seekout找出;寻出seektodosth.试图做某事【语境速测】单句语法填空Weareseeking_(attain)themostadvancedtechnologylevelintheworld.Whydomodernpeopleseek_materialpossessions?完成句子Inearlyyouthhewentto
6、_.他早年到国外去闯天下。toattainafter/forseekhisfortuneinaforeigncountry2.toleratevt.容忍,忍受【典型例句】Theabilitytotoleratepainvariesfrompersontoperson.对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。【词块必记】(1)tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事(2)tolerancen.容忍;宽容havenotoleranceof/forsb./sth.不能容忍某人/某事(3)tolerantadj.宽容的;容忍的betolerantof/towardssb./sth.忍受、宽容某人/某事【知
7、识拓展】bear/stand/putupwith忍受【语境速测】单句语法填空Theschoolcannottolerate_(cheat)onexams.Shehadnotolerance_jokesofanykind.一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑。Icant_.(tolerate)=Icant_.(bear/stand)=Icant_.(putupwith)cheatingfortoleratebeingmadefunofbear/standbeingmadefunofputupwithbeingmadefunof【文化金句】Thosewhoknowtotolerateotherscanlead
8、ahappylife.懂得包容他人的人能过上幸福的生活。3.equipvt.装备,配备;使有准备【典型例句】Weprovide2-persontentsandbasiccookingandcampingequipment.我们提供双人帐篷、基本的炊具和野营用具。【词块必记】(1)equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/某物equipfor.为做准备beequippedwith配备有(表示状态)(2)equipmentn.装备;器材;装置【语境速测】单句语法填空Pleaseequipyourself_apencilandarubberfortheexam.Afirst-aidk
9、itisanecessarypieceof_(equip)forpeoplewhentraveling.完成句子Thesoldiers_thelatestweapons.士兵们配备着最新式的武器。withequipmentwereequippedwith4.fortunen.财产;大笔钱;机会;运气【典型例句】Europeansseeapiggybankasasignofgoodfortuneandwealth.欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。【词块必记】(1)makeafortune发财bygood/badfortune运地/不幸地havethegood/badfortunetodo.
10、有幸/不幸做tryonesfortune碰运气seekonesfortune寻找发财机会,闯荡(2)fortunateadj.幸运的,侥幸的fortunatelyadv.幸运地【语境速测】单句语法填空_(fortune)therainstoppedbeforewestarted.Youare_(fortune)tohavesuchareasonablefather.完成句子I_somebrilliantdirectors.我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。Werenotlookingto_.我们没打算大赚一笔。Fortunatelyfortunatehavehadthegoodfortuneto
11、workwithmakeafortune【写作金句】Goodfortunewillfollowyou,bothinthisworldandthenext.无论今世还是来生,好运都会伴随你。5.submitvt.提交;递交vi.服从,屈服【典型例句】Ihaveaskedeveryonetosubmitquestionsinadvanceofthemeeting.我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。【词块必记】(1)submitsth.tosb.提交;呈递某物给某人submit(oneself)tosb./sth.顺从;屈服某人/某事submitthat提议;认为(2)submissionn.屈服;呈
12、送;提交【语境速测】单句语法填空Hesubmittedthereportonthematter_thecommittee.Isubmit_thetermsareentirelyunreasonable.Werejectedhis_(submit)thatthisbedoneatonce.tothatsubmission.核心短语6.atanyrate无论如何;至少【典型例句】Well,atanyrate,letmethankyouforallyoudid.好吧,不管怎样,我还是要感谢你所做的一切。Butatanyrate,onethingiscertain.反正,有一点是肯定的。【词块必记】a
13、tthis/thatrate照这/那种情况继续下去atarateof以的速率/比率【语境速测】单句语法填空Wemaymissthenextbus,butat_ratewellbetherebeforemidday._thatrate,wewillsoonbebankrupt.完成句子Worldenergydemandisincreasing_.世界能源的需求量正以每年约百分之三的速度递增。anyAtatarateofabout3%peryear7.atallcosts不惜任何代价;无论如何【典型例句】ItellyouthatIwanttogetthissetofstampsatallcosts
14、.我告诉你,我要不惜任何代价搞到这套邮票。【词块必记】atacost(of)以代价,花atallcosts=atanycost不惜任何代价,无论如何atthecostof以为代价,用换来atcost照原价;照成本价【语境速测】单句语法填空Dontgiveintotheirdemandsatthecost_yourown.Heboughtacomputerat_costof5,000yuan.Thisisthelowestprice.Weareselling_costalready.ofaat【写作金句】Shedesirestosucceedinhercareeratallcosts.她不惜任何
15、代价,渴望在事业上成功。.经典句式8.Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.获胜者要强制性地进行检查,而其他参与者只是随意地检查。【句型公式】(1)forwinnerstobetested为动词不定式作主语。winners是不定式tobetested的逻辑主语,winners与test之间为被动关系,因此,使用不定式的被动形式。(2)不定式的被动形式为“tobe+过去分词”,表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者,具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。【语境速测】单
16、句语法填空Itwasimpossibleforlosttime_(make)up.Themaniseasy_(deal)with.Idontknowwhat_(do).完成句子Itisaneasysentence_.这个句子很容易翻译。tobemadetodealtodototranslate9.TheOlympicspiritthespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinninghasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获
17、胜的奥林匹克精神。【典型例句】Thisbookisintendedforgeneralreadersratherthanstudents.这本书面向一般读者而非学生。【句型公式】ratherthan为并列连词,意为“而不是,与其不如”,这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即ratherthan前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。【语境速测】单句语法填空Ifyouareoneofthem,Iwouldsaytheonlywaytochangethingsisbydoingratherthan_(complain).Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthan
18、_(go)shoppingwithhim.Mary,ratherthanyou,_(be)plaininggois【备选要点】1.postponevt.推迟;延期【典型例句】Ihadtopostponeideasofacareerandstayathome.我不得不暂缓就业打算,待在家里。【词块必记】postponedoingsth.推迟做某事bepostponedfor.(时间)被推迟了postponesth.to/until.推迟到【知识拓展】“延缓做某事,推迟做某事”的表达还有:putoffdoingsth.;delaydoingsth.等。【语境速测】单句语法填空Ourschoolha
19、sdecidedtopostpone_(hold)thesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.Thematchwaspostponed_thefollowingSaturdaybecauseofthebadweather.句式升级IshallputoffmakingadecisiontillIlearnfullparticulars.Ishall_tillIlearnfullparticulars.holdingtopostponemakingadecision2.opposevt.&vi.反对;反抗【典型例句】MrTaylorwasnotbittertowar
20、dsthosewhohadopposedhim.泰勒先生对那些反对过他的人并未怀恨在心。【词块必记】(1)oppose(doing)sth.反对(做)某事opposeonesdoingsth.反对某人做某事(2)opposedadj.相反的;对立的beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事;与(做)某事对立oppositeadj.对立的,对面的prep.在的对面【知识拓展】oppose=objectto=beagainst“反对”;oppose后面跟动词时用动名词形式。beopposedto结构中to为介词,后面也要跟动名词形式。【语境速测】单句语法填空MostAmerican
21、swereopposed_Syriawar.Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedto_(feed)ababyregularly.Sheisverymuchopposedtoyour_(go)abroad.tofeedinggoing一句多译我反对在星期天购物,因为太拥挤了。I_onSundaysforitistoocrowded.(oppose)=I_onSundaysforitistoocrowded.(opposed)=I_onSundaysforitistoocrowded.(object)=I_onSundaysforitistoocrowded.(against)
22、opposegoingshoppingamopposedtogoingshoppingobjecttogoingshoppingamagainstgoingshopping3.prohibitvt.禁止;阻止【典型例句】Thehighcostofequipmentprohibitsmanypeoplefromtakingupthissport.昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。【词块必记】(1)prohibitsth.禁止某事prohibit.fromdoingsth.禁止做某事prohibitdoingsth.禁止做某事prohibitsmoking禁止吸烟(2)prohibitionn
23、.禁止,禁令aprohibitionagainst/on.的禁令【语境速测】单句语法填空Weareprohibitedfrom_(drink)duringworkinghours.Smoking_(prohibit)intheofficebuilding.Hissmallsizeprohibitshim_(become)apoliceman.词汇升级Somepeoplethinkthatitsnecessarytoprevent/stop/keeppeoplefromusingmobilephonesinsomeplaces.Somepeoplethinkthatitsnecessaryto_
24、mobilephonesinsomeplaces.drinkingisprohibitedbecomingprohibitpeoplesusingStep3强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020全国卷)TherearethreebooksIreread_(annual).2.(2020江苏高考)Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofproper_(treat).3.(2019江苏高考)Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodeve
25、lopingcountriestobuycomputer_(equip)andInternetfacilities.4.(2018天津高考)Iamconvincedthatwithourjointeffortswecan_(doubt)getgoodresults.annuallytreatmentequipmentundoubtedly5.(2018全国卷)Ifyouarecuriousaboutthehistoryofourschoolor_(concern)aboutitsfuture,youmustntmissthisexcellentopportunity!concerned.语法填
26、空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Itisreportedthatthebuildingofachemicalfactory1._(postpone),becausethevillagerslivingnearby2._(oppose)it.Theyprohibitedtheworkersfrom3._(go)onwiththeirwork,4._theycouldnttoleratethebignoise.Itwasknowntopeople5._thefactorywasresponsibleforit.Theyhadthefaiththatunless6._(unite),theirdream
27、oflivinginpeacewouldbewipedout.However,thefactorydidntwanttosubmit7._thevillagers.Theywereseekingthebestsolutionstothematteratall8._waspostponedopposedgoingbecausethatunitedtocosts(cost).Afterall,9._(put)offitsconstructionwilldonogoodtothem.Ibelievetheleaderofthefactorywill10._(unconditional)agreeto
28、thetermswiththeeffortsofthevillagersteamwork.puttingunconditionally.短文改错(2021衡水模拟)DearBill,Imgladtoreceiveyourletter.Thankyouforyourcaringfortheweatherormyhealth.NowIdliketotellyouanythingaboutthesmog.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.Ithasdonegreatharm to our daily lifea great numbe
29、r people got sick;many traffic accidentshappenedandquitelotsofflightshadtobeputup.Luckily,peoplehaverealizedthe serious harm causing by the smog and the importance of protecting theenvironment.Peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasuretoreducethesmog.Asforme,Iwillgotoschoolbybikeoronfoot,andIwouldntthr
30、owthewasteanywhere.Beside,I will tell people around to try their best to protect theenvironment.Wouldyouliketotellmesomeothergoodideas?Lookingforwardtoreceiveyourreply.答案:【文章大意】本文介绍了雾霾的情况和作者所做出的行动。1.【解析】第二句or改为and。考查连词。句意:谢谢你对天气和我的健康的关心。天气和健康是并列关系,故or改为and。2.【解析】第三句anything改为something。考查代词。句意:现在我很乐意
31、告诉你一些关于雾霾的事情。表示一些事情用something,故anything改为something。3.【解析】第四句去掉been。考查动词语态。句意:从去年冬天开始,已经发生了许多次雾霾天气。发生occur是不及物动词没有被动语态,故去掉been。4.【解析】第五句number后面加of。考查介词。句意:雾霾导致很多人生病。许多agreatnumberof,故number后面加of。5.【解析】第五句up改为off。考查介词。句意:许多航班被推迟。推迟是putoff,故up改为off。6.【解析】第六句causing改为caused。考查非谓语动词。句意:幸运的是人们已经意识到了雾霾造成的
32、严重危害和保护环境的重要性。harm和cause是被动关系,故causing改为caused。7.【解析】第七句measure改为measures。考查名词。句意:全国人民采取措施来减少雾霾。采取多项措施,后面用名词复数形式,故measure改为measures。8.【解析】第八句wouldnt改为wont。考查时态。句意:我不会到处扔垃圾。will提示用一般将来时,故wouldnt改为wont。9.【解析】第九句Beside改为Besides。考查连词。句意:另外,我会告诉周围的人尽力去保护环境。beside是介词表示旁边,besides是连词表示另外,故Beside改为Besides。10
33、.【解析】最后一句receive改为receiving。考查动名词。句意:期待收到你的回复。lookforwardtodoingsth.。故receive要改为receiving。Step4直击高考培养思维品质.话题与阅读理解(2019天津高考阅读理解C)Essentially,everyonehastwoages:achronological(按时间计算的)age,howoldthecalendarsaysyouare,andabiologicalage,basicallytheageatwhichyourbodyfunctionsasitcomparestoaveragefitnessor
34、healthlevels.“Chronologicalageisnthowoldwereallyare.Itsmerelyanumber,”saidProfessorDavidSinclairatHarvardUniversity.“Itisbiologicalagethatdeterminesourhealthandultimatelyourlifespan.Weallagebiologicallyatdifferentratesaccordingtoourgenes,whatweeat,howmuchweexercise,andwhatenvironmentwelivein.Biologi
35、calageisthenumberofcandleswereallyshouldbeblowingout.Inthefuture,withadvancesinourabilitytocontrolbiologicalage,wemayhaveevenfewercandlesonourbirthdaycakethanthepreviousone.”Tocalculatebiologicalage,ProfessorLevineatYaleUniversityidentifiedninebiomarkers(生物标志)thatseemedtobethemostinfluentialonlifesp
36、anbyasimplebloodtest.Thenumbersofthosemarkers,suchasbloodsugarandimmune(免疫的)measures,canbeputintothecomputer,andthealgorithm(算式,算法)doestherest.Perhapswhatsmost important hereis that thesemeasurescanbechanged.Doctorscantakethisinformationandhelppatientsmakechangestolifestyle,andhopefully take steps t
37、o improve their biological conditions.“I think the mostexcitingthingaboutthisresearchisthatthesethingsarentsetinstone,”Levinesaid.“Peoplecanbegiventheinformationearlierandtakestepstoimprovetheirhealthbeforeitstoolate.”Levineevenenteredherownnumbersintothealgorithm.Shewassurprisedbytheresults.“Ialway
38、sconsideredmyselfaveryhealthyperson.Imphysicallyactive;IeatwhatIconsiderafairlyhealthydiet.ButIdidnotfindmyresultstobeasgoodasIhadhopedtheywouldbe.Itwasawake-upcall,”shesaid.Levineisworkingwithagrouptoprovideaccesstothealgorithmonlinesothatanyonecancalculatetheirbiologicalage,identifypotentialrisksa
39、ndtakestepstoimprovetheirownhealthinthelongrun.“Noonewantstoliveanextremelylonglife with a lot of chronic(慢性的)diseases,”Levine said.“By delaying thedevelopment of mental and physical functioning problems,people can still beengagedinsocietyintheirsenioryears.Thatistheidealweshouldbepursuing.”【文章大意】本文
40、为说明文,讲的是关于生理年龄的研究。科学家们通过研究确定了最影响寿命的9个生物标志,并希望人们能够根据结果发现潜在的危险,采取措施使自己变得更健康。1.Biologicalagedependson_.A.whetherwecanadaptourselvestotheenvironmentB.howwellourbodyworkscomparedwithourpeersC.whenwestarttotakeoutdoorexerciseD.whatthecalendarsaysaboutourage【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“abiologicalage,basicallythea
41、geatwhichyourbodyfunctionsasitcomparestoaveragefitnessorhealthlevels.”可知生物学上的年龄指你的身体机能与平均健康水平相比的年龄,故选B。2.By saying“wemay have even fewercandles on our birthday cakethan thepreviousone”inPara.2,theauthormeans_.A.wedonthavetocelebrateourbirthdayeveryyearB.wearechronologicallyolderthanlastyearC.wemight
42、belesshappythanthepreviousyearD.wemaybebiologicallyyoungerthantheyearbefore【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据第二段最后两句话可知,生理年龄指的是我们应该吹灭的蜡烛的数目,将来随着我们控制生理年龄的能力的进步,或许我们可以越来越年轻,与D项一致,故选D。3.AccordingtoProf.Levine,whatisthemostexcitingthingaboutherresearch?A.Themeasuresarenotfixed.B.Healthservicescanbesetup.C.Theproblemsareno
43、tthatserious.D.Theresearchresultsarewritteninstone.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段第三句话可知,Prof.Levine认为最令人激动的是这些情况都不是固定不变的,故选A。4.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyLevinesexampleinPara.5?A.Itisnecessarytochangeourdietregularly.B.Thetestresultsmaygiveuswronginformation.C.Wakingupearlyinthemorningisgoodforourfitness.D.
44、Thealgorithmcanrevealourpotentialhealthproblems.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句话可知算式的结果表明Levine并不像她自己以为的那么健康,暴露一些潜在的健康问题,故选D。5.TheultimategoalofLevinesresearchisto_.A.freepeoplefromchronicdiseasesB.workoutasolutiontogeneticproblemsC.keeppeoplesociallyactiveeveninoldageD.providepeoplewithaccesstoscientificthe
45、ory【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话中的“peoplecanstillbeengagedinsocietyintheirsenioryears”可知通过推迟心理和生理机能问题的发展,人们仍然可以在晚年参与社会,故选C。【微技能点拨】根据上下文解释和语境猜测句意本文第2题为句意猜测题,解题思路如下:Step1理解全文大意:关于生理年龄的研究。Step2定位要猜测的句子所在的段落,根据上下文语境进行猜测:根据第二段最后两句话可知,生理年龄指的是我们应该吹灭的蜡烛的数目,将来随着我们控制生理年龄的能力的进步,或许我们可以越来越年轻。Step3对比选项,确定答案_。D【语用提能】话
46、题词汇essentially;calculate;influential;potential;pursue短语compareto;takestepsto;beengagedin熟词生义sayv.说,讲;表明;体现;显示;说明;指示.话题与写作假定你是李华。你的英国笔友John写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏,健康受到很大影响。他十分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示,给他写一封回信,建议他养成良好的生活习惯。要点:1.限制玩游戏的时间,把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上;2.规定每天起床和睡觉的时间,形成良好的作息习惯;3.每天锻炼半小时,增强体质。注意:1.词数:100左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连
47、贯。_Step1写作技巧1.词汇及其要点信息听到/得知很伤心 _沉迷于_愿意给你一些建议_养成习惯_锻炼身体,增强体质_besorrytohear.beaddictedto.bewillingtogiveyousomeadviceforma.habitof.dosomeexercisetostrengthen/buildupyourhealth2.完成句子你应该限制玩电脑游戏的时间,多注意一些其他事情,比如参加各种各样的课外活动和交朋友。Youshouldlimitthetimethatyouplaycomputergamesand_otherthingssuchasattendingallk
48、indsofafter-schoolactivitiesandmakingfriends.你应该在固定的时间起床、入睡,以便养成定时起床与入睡的好习惯。Youshouldgetupandgotobedataspecifictimesothatyoucan_gettingupandgoingtobed.paymoreattentiontoformaregularhabitof3.句式升级(用非谓语动词)得知你沉迷于对你健康有坏影响的电脑游戏我很伤心。Iamverysorrytohearthatyouareaddictedtocomputergames.Computergameshavehadab
49、adeffectonyourhealth._whichhavehadabadeffectonyourhealth,Iamverysorry.HearingthatyoureaddictedtocomputergamesStep2妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)DearJohn,Hearingthatyoureaddictedtocomputergameswhichhavehadabadeffectonyourhealth,Iamverysorry.Iknowyouworryaboutitverymuch.Asagoodfriend,Imwillingtogiveyousomeadvicet
50、ohelpyougetridofit.Firstly,youshouldlimitthetimethatyouplaycomputergamesandpaymoreattentiontootherthingssuchasattendingallkindsofafter-schoolactivitiesandmakingfriends.Secondly,youshouldgetupandgotobedataspecifictimesothatyoucanformaregularhabitofgettingupandgoingtobed.Lastbutnotleast,youshoulddosom