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1、初中被动语态语法归纳初中被动语态语法归纳初中英语被动语态初中英语被动语态一语态概述一语态概述1.1.语态是动词的一种形式，语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。语态：主动语态和被动语态。2.2.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：例如：Many people speak Chinese.Many people speak Chinese.谓语：谓语：speakspeak 的动作是由主语的动作是由主语 many peoplemany people 来执行的。来执
2、行的。3.3.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 被被、受受、给给 等词来表示被动意义。等词来表示被动意义。如：如：He opened the door.He opened the door.他翻开了这扇门。他翻开了这扇门。主动语态主动语态The door was opened.The door was opened.这扇门被翻开了。这扇门被翻开了。被动语态被动语态4.4.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：例如：Chinese
3、 is spoken by many people.Chinese is spoken by many people.主语主语 EnglishEnglish 是动词是动词 speakspeak 的承受者。的承受者。二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成被动语态由被动语态由 助动词助动词 bebe及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 构成。构成。bebe 有人称、数和时态的变有人称、数和时态的变化。现以化。现以 speakspeak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：一般现在时：amamis isarearespokenspoken一般过去时：一般
4、过去时：waswaswerewerespokenspoken一般将来时：一般将来时：willwillshall beshall bespokenspoken现在进行时：现在进行时：amamis isare beingare beingspokenspoken过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were beingwas/were beingspokenspoken现在完成时：现在完成时：havehavehas beenhas beenspokenspoken过去完成时：过去完成时：had been+spokenhad been+spoken含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的
5、主动句变成被动句时，由含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由 情态动词情态动词bebe过去分词过去分词 构成原来构成原来2 2带带 toto 的情态动词变成被动语态后的情态动词变成被动语态后toto仍要保存。仍要保存。We can repair this watch in two days.We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.They should do
6、 it at once.It should be done at onceIt should be done at once三三.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。The bridge was built last year.The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。他被选为主席。2 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由当更加强调动
7、作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由 byby 引导置于谓语动词之引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。后，不需要时可以省略。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房间还没有清扫。房间还没有清扫。The tiger was killed by him.The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。老虎被他杀死了。3 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.The window
8、 was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4 4、表示客观的说明常用、表示客观的说明常用It is+It is+过去分词过去分词.句型。句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。据说露
9、茜已经出国了。It is believed that he is a spy.(=He is believed to be a spy.)It is believed that he is a spy.(=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的其它常见的It is+It is+过去分词过去分词+that+that句型还有句型还有It is reported thatIt is reported that据报道据报道It is said thatIt is said that据说据说It is believed thatIt i
10、s believed that大家相信大家相信It is suggested thatIt is suggested that有人建议有人建议3 34 43 3不带不带 toto 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要改为被动语态时不定式前要加加 toto。如：。如：They watched the children sing that morningThey watched the children sing that morning The children were watched toThe children were watc
11、hed tosing that morningsing that morning4 4带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：We call him Xiao WangWe call him Xiao WangHe is called Xiao WangHe is called Xiao WangHe cut his hair shortHe cut his hair shortHis hair was cut sHis hai
12、r was cut shorthortThey told him to help meThey told him to help meHe was told to help meHe was told to help me5 5短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：不可遗漏。如：WeWe must take good care of the young treesmust take good care of the young trees The young treesThe young
13、 trees must be takenmust be takengood care ofgood care of6 6含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用 it it 作为被动结构的先行主作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有词有 knowknow，saysay，believebelieve，findfind，thinkthink，reportreport 等。如：等。如：People believe that he i
14、s illPeople believe that he is ill It is believed that he is iIt is believed that he is ill ll或：或：He is believed to beHe is believed to beillill 3 3被动语态改为主动语态的方法：被动语态改为主动语态的方法：a.a.被动语态中介词被动语态中介词 byby 后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语b.b.按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语
15、态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带 toto 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的此时要把被动语态中的 toto 去掉。去掉。c.c.被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：History is made by the peopleHistory is made by the peopleThe people make historyThe people make history5 5初中英语被动语态用法小结初中英语被动语态用法小结11一、语态概述一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动
16、词形式的变化表现出英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。来的。英语中有两种语态：英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：例如：Many people speak Chinese.Many people speak Chinese.谓语：谓语：speakspeak 的动作是由主语的动作是由主语 manymanypeoplepeople 来执行的。来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即即行为动作的对象。例如：行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by
17、Chinese is spoken bymany people.many people.英语英语 EnglishEnglish 是动词是动词 speakspeak 的承受的承受者。者。二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成被动语态由被动语态由“助动词助动词bebe及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过bebe 的变化表现出来的。的变化表现出来的。现以现以 speakspeak 为例说明被动为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：一般现在时：amamis/areis/arespokenspoken一般过去
18、时：一般过去时：waswaswerewerespokenspoken6 6一般将来时：一般将来时：willwillshall beshall bespokenspoken现在进行时：现在进行时：amamis isare beingare beingspokenspoken过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were beingwas/were beingspokenspoken现在完成时：现在完成时：havehavehas beenhas beenspokenspoken过去完成时：过去完成时：had been+spokenhad been+spoken三、被动语态的用法三、被动语态的用法1 1不
19、知道或没有必要说明动作的执不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。行者是谁。例如：例如：Some new computers were stolenSome new computers were stolenlast night.last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。不知一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。不知道电脑是谁偷的道电脑是谁偷的This bridge was founded in 1981.This bridge was founded in 1981.这座这座桥竣工于桥竣工于 19811981 年。年。2 2强调动作的承受者，而不强调动强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。作的执行者。
20、7 7例如：例如：The glass was broken by Mike.The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.This book was written by him.这本书这本书是他写的。是他写的。Your homework must be finished onYour homework must be finished ontime.time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1 1把主动语
21、态的宾语变为被动语态把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。的主语。2 2把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构bebe过去过去分词分词根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 bebe的形式。的形式。3 3把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词 byby之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by
22、 all people.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.They make the bikes in the factory.8 8The bikes are made by them in theThe bikes are made by them in thefactory.factory.He cut down a tree.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的
23、被动语态五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由由“情态动词情态动词bebe过去分词构成，原来带过去分词构成，原来带 toto的情态动词变成被动语态后的情态动词变成被动语态后“to“to仍要保存。仍要保存。We can repair this watch in two days.We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in twoThis watch can be repaired in twodays.days.They should do it a
24、t once.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况六、特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours1.He made the boy work for two hoursyesterday.yesterday.9 9The boy was made to work by him forThe boy was made to work by him fortwo hours yesterday.two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.1010