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1、初中英语被动语态讲解与练习初中英语被动语态讲解与练习被动语态语法专项讲解与训练被动语态语法专项讲解与训练学案适用者：宋潇学案适用者：宋潇(一一)语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Tom(Tom(执执)cleans(cleans(谓动谓动)the room(the room(承承)every day.every day.(主动主动)The room(The room(承承)is cleaned(is cleaned(谓动谓动
2、)by Tom(by Tom(执执)every day.every day.(被动被动)被动语态结构：助动词被动语态结构：助动词 be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 donedone，即即 be donebe done，常译为“被、常译为“被、“给、“给、“由、“由、“受等词用来表示被动关系。“受等词用来表示被动关系。(二二)被动语态的用法被动语态的用法(1)(1)动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用 byby 短语。短语。Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.Word proces
3、sing skills are taught in our computer lessons.(2)(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new computers were stolen last night.Some new computers were stolen last night.(3)(3)突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 byby 短语。短语。The window was broken by Mike.The window was broken by
4、Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。窗户是迈克打破的。(三三)被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词 bebe 的各种时态变化来表达，的各种时态变化来表达，donedone 不变。注意主语的单、复不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。数变化。以以 dodo 为例，掌握以下时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：为例，掌握以下时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1 1一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+doneam/is/are+done2 2一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+donewas/were+done3 3一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will+be doneshall/w
5、ill+be doneam/is/are going to be doneam/is/are going to be done4 4现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has+been+donehave/has+been+done5 5情态动词：情态动词：can/may/must/should/have to be donecan/may/must/should/have to be done以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+doneam/is/are+being+done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were+
6、being+donewas/were+being+done过去完成时：过去完成时：had+been+donehad+been+done过去将来时：过去将来时：should/would+be doneshould/would+be done(四四)主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法My auntMy auntinvitedinvitedmemeto her dinner party.to her dinner party.执行者执行者动词动词承受者承受者I Iwas invitedwas invited(by my aunt)to her dinner party.(by my a
7、unt)to her dinner party.承受者承受者谓语谓语by+by+执行者执行者1.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be+be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.3.把主动语态的主语变为介词把主动语态的主语变为介词 byby 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，byby 短语可以省略。短语可以省略。练习：练习：1.1.一般现在时：一般现在时：People grow rice in the south
8、of the country.People grow rice in the south of the country._ _ _ in the south of the country._ _ _ in the south of the country.2 22.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.The CD-ROM _ _ _ Nancy Jackson.The CD-ROM _ _ _ Nancy Jackson.3.3.一般将来时：一般将来时：They wi
9、ll hold the charity show in the school hall.They will hold the charity show in the school hall.The charity show _ _ _ in the school hall.The charity show _ _ _ in the school hall.4.4.现在完成时：现在完成时：He has brought his book here.He has brought his book here.His book _ _ _ here.His book _ _ _ here.5 5含有情态
10、动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class.You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework _ _ _ _ after class.Your homework _ _ _ _ after class.(五五)语态转换时所注意的问题语态转换时所注意的问题1.1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新
11、主语保持一致。持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主
12、语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。接宾语为主语。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语如果把直接宾语(指物指物)改为主语，那么在间接宾语改为主语，那么在间接宾语(指人指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：A present was given to me yesterday.
13、A present was given to me yesterday.注意：注意：1.1.以下动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词以下动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 toto，如：，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tellbring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell 等。等。(1)The book was shown to the class.(1)The book was shown to the class.(2)My bike was lent to her.(2)My bike was lent to he
14、r.2.2.一般在以下动词后，间接宾语前用介词一般在以下动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,for,如：如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,singbuy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing 等。等。(1)A new skirt was made for me.(1)A new skirt was made for me.(2)The meat was cooked for us.(2)The meat was cooked for us.(3)Some country music was played for us.(3)S
15、ome country music was played for us.3.3.由动词由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：类动词有：动词动词+介词，如介词，如:laugh at,listen to,look after,think of,talk about,work on:laugh at,listen to,look after,think of,talk about,work on等。等。动词动词+副词，如副词，如:sell out,find out,give
16、 up,hand in,work out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,:sell out,find out,give up,hand in,work out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,think over,turn on,wake upthink over,turn on,wake up等。等。The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom.The most difficult problem was worked out by Tom.The song is
17、 often listened to by girls.The song is often listened to by girls.4.4.带复合宾语带复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保存在谓语动词后面。如：保存在谓语动词后面。如：(1)We always keep the classroom clean.(1)We always keep the classroom clean.(keep sth.clean)(keep sth.clean)The classroom
18、is always kept clean.The classroom is always kept clean.(sth be kept clean)(sth be kept clean)(2)She told us not to stay up late.(2)She told us not to stay up late.(tell sb not to do(tell sb not to do)We were told not to stay up late.We were told not to stay up late.(sb.be told not to do(sb.be told
19、not to do)3 34 4The door is closed.(The door is closed.(系表系表)He is surprised.(He is surprised.(系表系表)The door was closed by Tom.(The door was closed by Tom.(被动被动)He was surprised by the snake.(He was surprised by the snake.(被动被动)被动语态专项练习一被动语态专项练习一一、一、用动词的正确语态填空。用动词的正确语态填空。1.1.English _(speak)the most
20、 widely in the world.English _(speak)the most widely in the world.2.2.A Piano concert _(give)here last Friday.A Piano concert _(give)here last Friday.3.3.The town _(call)Rugao.The town _(call)Rugao.4.4.Vegetables,eggs and fruits_(sell)in this shop.Vegetables,eggs and fruits_(sell)in this shop.5.5.Wh
21、at _ a knife _(make)of?What _ a knife _(make)of?It _(make)of metal and wood.It _(make)of metal and wood.6.6.The old man is ill.He _(must send)to the hospital.The old man is ill.He _(must send)to the hospital.7.7.The room _(clean)by Mum already.You donThe room _(clean)by Mum already.You don t need to
22、 clean it.t need to clean it.8.8.The sports meeting _(hold)in a week.The sports meeting _(hold)in a week.9.9.He is happy that his dream _(come)true.He is happy that his dream _(come)true.10.10.The cinema _(build)in 1985.The cinema _(build)in 1985.11.11.The students _ often _(tell)to take care of the
23、ir desks and chairs.The students _ often _(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.12.12._ the magazine _(can take)out of the library?_ the magazine _(can take)out of the library?三、按要求改写以下句子，一空一词。三、按要求改写以下句子，一空一词。1130=3030=30 分分1.Is tea grown in South China1.Is tea grown in South China？改为主动语态？改为
24、主动语态_ people _ tea in South China_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year 同义句转换同义句转换A birthday present _A birthday present _by my parents every year_by my parents every year3.The work is going to be
25、 finished3.The work is going to be finishedin two days.in two days.(对划线提问对划线提问)How_How_ the work going to be finished?_ the work going to be finished?4.The children will sing an English song.(4.The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)An English song _An English song _ by the children._
26、by the children.5.You neednt do it now.(5.You neednt do it now.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)It _It _ by you now._ by you now.6.People use metal for making machines.(6.People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)Metal _Metal _making machines._making machines.7.He made me do that for him.(7.He made me do that
27、 for him.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)I _I _ that for him._ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _The football match _by them.by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(改为被动语态改为被动语态)_ a bridg
28、e _ here by them a year ago?_ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses.(10.They have sold out the light green dresses.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)5 5The light green dresses _The light green dresses _ out._ out.11.We call the game“Lianliankan11.We call the game“Lianliankan.(
29、.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)The game _The game _“Lianliankan_“Lianliankan by us.by us.二二.选择题选择题()1._ a new library _ in our school last year?()1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;bulit C.Does;build D.Did;buildA.Is;built B.Was;bulit C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.An accident _ on this road l
30、ast week.()2.An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happenedA.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened()3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.()3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.growA.is grown B.are
31、grown C.grows D.grow()4.So far,the moon _ by man already.()4.So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visitedA.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited()5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week.()5.A talk on Chines
32、e history _ in th school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.givesA.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives()6.How many trees _ this year?()6.How many trees _ this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.plantedA.are planted B.will plant C.have been p
33、lanted D.planted()7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.()7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be doneA.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done()8.Neither of them _ in China.()8.Neither of
34、them _ in China.A.is made B.are made C.were made D.madeA.is made B.are made C.were made D.made()9.Look!A nice picture _ for our teacher.A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn()9.Look!A nice picture _ for our teacher.A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawnD.drawsD.draws()10.Your shoes
35、_.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn()10.Your shoes _.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn()11.The doctor _ for yet.()11.The doctor _ for yet.A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sentA.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be
36、 sent D.wasnt sent()12.-When _ this kind of computers_?-Last year.()12.-When _ this kind of computers_?-Last year.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;usedA.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used()13.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known()13.The Great Wall _ all
37、over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known()14.I _ in summer.()14.I _ in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am bornA.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born()15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week.()15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week.A.is sent B.wo
38、uld send C.was sent D.will be sentA.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent()16.Who _ this book _?()16.Who _ this book _?A.did;written B.was;written by C.did;written D.was;writtenA.did;written B.was;written by C.did;written D.was;written()17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.
39、was asked to C.is asked D.asks to()17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to()18.A story _ by Granny yesterday.()18.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told usA.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us()
40、19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.()19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jumpA.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump()20.The school bag _ behind the chair.()20.The school bag _ behind the chair.A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can putA.puts B.can be put C.can be putt
41、ed D.can put()21.Older people _ well.()21.Older people _ well.A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked afterA.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after()22.Our teacher _ carefully.()22.Our teacher _ carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen
42、 C.be listened D.is listenedA.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened被动语态专项练习二被动语态专项练习二6 6一、把以下句子改写成被动语态一、把以下句子改写成被动语态1.They make machines in that factory._1.They make machines in that factory._2.Every body likes this song._2.Every body likes this song._3.He doesnt show
43、the stamps to me._3.He doesnt show the stamps to me._4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan._4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan._5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._6.Do the workers build many buildings?_6.Do the workers build man
44、y buildings?_7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses?_7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses?_8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?_8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?_9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_10.How many desks do they buy e
45、very term?_10.How many desks do they buy every term?_11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week._11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week._12.Granny told us a story last night._12.Granny told us a story last night._二二.选择题选择题:()1.Great changes _ in China.)1.Great changes _ i
46、n China.A.are happenedA.are happened B.was happened B.was happenedC.has happenedC.has happenedD.have happenedD.have happened()3.The Great Wall _ all over the world.)3.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A.knowsA.knowsB.knewB.knewC.is knownC.is knownD.was knownD.was known()4.Who _ this book _?)4.Who
47、_ this book _?A.did;writtenA.did;writtenB.was;written byB.was;written byC.did;writtenC.did;writtenD.was;writtenD.was;written()5.A story _ by Granny yesterday.)5.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told usA.was told usB.was told to usB.was told to usC.is told usC.is told usD.told usD.told us()6.The m
48、onkey was seen _ off the tree.)6.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A.jumpA.jumpB.jumpsB.jumpsC.jumpedC.jumpedD.to jumpD.to jump()7.The school bag _ behind the chair.)7.The school bag _ behind the chair.A.putsA.putsB.can be putB.can be putC.be putC.be putD.can putD.can put()8.Older people _ well.)8.
49、Older people _ well.A.looks afterA.looks afterB.must be looked afterB.must be looked afterC.must look afterC.must look afterD.looked afterD.looked after()9.Do you know what_?)9.Do you know what_?A.it callsA.it callsB.does it callB.does it callC.it is calledC.it is calledD.is it calledD.is it called(
50、)10.This old machine _ the room wet.)10.This old machine _ the room wet.A.used to keepA.used to keepB.used to keepingB.used to keepingC.was used to keepingC.was used to keepingD.was used to keepD.was used to keep()11.You can go out if your homework _.)11.You can go out if your homework _.A.is doneA.