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1、高中英语教学案高中英语教学案语法填空语法填空解题技巧解题技巧-解题思维导图解题思维导图根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：名词1.词性转换2.名词所有格形容词、副词、动词1.词性转换有提示词副词同形容词时态，注意常考时态语态，即被动语态作谓语语气，即虚拟语气1.词性转换不作谓语2.非谓语2.V-ing 表:主动/进行3.V-ed表:被动/完成1.to do 表:将来/目的形容词2.比较级或最高级,加前缀变成其反义词语法填空动词解题思路代词冠词名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the介词注意 搭配
2、搭配 常为介词考查主要内容依据。空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）；前后都是并列单词或短语无提示词连词1.单词/短语+并列连词并列连词+单词/短语；2.一个句子+并连并连/从连从连+一个句子人称代词、不定代词、反身代词物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词;名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。指代上文事物形式主语形式宾语当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；It 的用法在无提示词题型当中在无提示词题型当中：下列情况很可能填不定冠词：下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(a/an)(a/an)1._+1._+可数名词可数名词(单数单数)；2._+2._+形
3、容词形容词+可数名词可数名词(单数单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词：下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(the)(the)1._(+1._(+定语定语)+)+名词名词+of+of等介词短语等介词短语(表示特指表示特指)；2._(+2._(+定语定语)+)+名词名词+定语从句定语从句(表示特指表示特指)；3._(+3._(+定语定语)+)+名词名词+不定式短语或分词短语不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指表示特指)。（1）There once were a goat and a donkey.So the farmer killed _ goat and gave thedonkey medicine mad
4、e from its heart.（2）When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure,I think of Donnie.He was _ shy,nervous perfectionist.(3)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it tosmall townsome 20 kilometers away.解题技巧解题技巧 二二在无提示词题型当中，在无提示词题型当中，空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填
5、代词，通常填代词，包括人称代词、包括人称代词、指示代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语不能作主语)，it it 等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。性物主代词了。因为句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词因为句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查。通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查。1.He asked his teacher,“Sir,the water
6、is awful.Why did you pretend to like _?”2.Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult _ was tochoose a suitable Christmas present for her father.3.I wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that I had caused _.解题技巧解题技巧 三三1.1.连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列
7、连词 and,or,butand,or,but等。等。2.2.若两个句子若两个句子(有两个主谓结构有两个主谓结构)之间，之间，没有句号或分号，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，否则，句子结构就不完整。句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填多要求考生填 and,but,while,when,and,but,while,when,oror 等等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某
8、个连还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。定语从句（词。定语从句（who,whom,that,which,whose,when,where,whywho,whom,that,which,whose,when,where,why 等）等）;名词性从句（名词性从句（what,that,which,if,what,that,which,if,whetherwhether 等）等）;状语从句（状语从句（when,where,why,how,thoughwhen,where,why,how,though等）等）(1)It was not long _
9、the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the tableand suddenly was surprised at what she saw.(2)But nothing changed until midterm,_ Mary Anne,a student teacher,was appointedto our classroom.(3)Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.(4)One day,he came u
10、p with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.在有提示词有提示词题型当中：解题技巧解题技巧 四四在有提示词有提示词题型当中，词性转换解题常可利用以下语法小则作为判断依据：1.1.介词、冠词、所有格后接名词；介词、冠词、所有格后接名词；2.2.形容词修饰名词；形容词修饰名词；3.3.副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子。副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子。(1)“Thirty-five cents,”she said _(rude).(2)As far as I am concerned,my _(suggest)is th
11、at we should always have a notebookand a Chinese-English within easy reach.(3)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.(4)_(doubt),although there is still room for improvement to this policy,I think it isstill a good one which brings more good than harm to the student
12、s and the nation.解题技巧解题技巧 五五在有提示词有提示词题型当中，通常，有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。1.One of the _(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher2.We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.When it was time to leave,I said“th
13、ank you”in Korean,using some of the few words I hadlearned.I felt _(lonely)than I had expected that night.3.Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.Critics call her one of the _(great)writers of our time.解题技巧解题技巧 六六规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题，解答这种类型的
14、题目时，我们需按照“找逻辑找逻辑主语、判断关系、判断形式主语、判断关系、判断形式”三个步骤来解题，即“第一，找非谓语动词的逻辑主语；第二，判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，主动？被动？还是表示目的或者将来？第三，判断非谓语动词的形式。”注意：注意：在语法填空中，首先要判断所给提示词在句中到底是做谓语还是非谓语。判定用非谓语动词形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。1.1.非非谓谓语语动动词词作作状状语语的的题题型型：(1)_(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the
15、 mountain isa sea of trees.(2)It rained heavily in the south,_(cause)serious flooding in several provinces.(3)_(complete)the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.2.2.非非谓谓语语动动词词作作定定语语的的题题型型：(1)A great number of students _(question)said they were forced to practice thepiano.(2)Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _(repair)first is the library.