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1、宾语从句宾语从句u宾语从句的概念u宾语从句的引导词Contentsu宾语从句的语序u宾语从句的时态变化u宾语从句的概念问题一问题一:什么是宾语什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的联系的对象对象,常由名词常由名词或相当与名词的词担任或相当与名词的词担任,置于置于及物动词或介词（动词词组）及物动词或介词（动词词组）后。后。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语）I know him.（代词作宾语）I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）.We kn
2、ow him We know he likes English.主s主s 谓v谓v宾宾o o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句试比较问题二问题二:什么是宾语从句什么是宾语从句?Find out the Object ClausesDo you know who is the first Chinese astronaut（宇航员）？（宇航员）？Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.Please tell me where
3、she has gone.I dont know if she will come tonight.Lets find out whats the name of the book.例句列举例句列举I think Ive lost it.The radio says that it may stop raining later.Wed better ask Mom whether its cheap enough.I know why you came.You mean Im too fat.1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，
4、也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。vLin Tao knows(that)his own team is even better.（肯）（肯）vShe says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.（否）（否）Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.u宾语从句的引导词2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whethe
5、r或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略.Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由which,what,whose,who,whomever，where,when,why,how，以及how的词组等引导，在句中做作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语，不能省略.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was
6、.You can take whatever you like.u宾语从句的引导词注意：注意：只能用只能用whether不用不用if 的三种的三种情况情况一般情况下，一般情况下，if 和和whether可以互换，但以下可以互换，但以下 情况只能用情况只能用whether：1.与与or not连用：连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.2.在介词之后：在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.3.在不定式之前：在不定式之前：We havent decided whether to go ther
7、e.4.作主语只能用作主语只能用whether Whether he will come is not decided.1.选选连词连词根据原句的类型根据原句的类型 that 陈述句陈述句whether/if 一般疑问句及选择疑问句一般疑问句及选择疑问句连接代词或副词连接代词或副词 特殊疑问句（疑问代词或副词：特殊疑问句（疑问代词或副词：what、where.）小结小结u宾语从句的引导词连一连连一连1.This is a book.-I know2.You like singing.-She says3.Is Jim a good student?-I dont know 4.Does Kat
8、e get up early?-Do you know?5.What is she doing?-Can you tell me?6.Where does she live?-Do you know?thatthatif/whetherif/whetherwhatwhere1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop-keeper _ Teahouse was interesting.Aif Bhow Cwhat 2I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us He will help us with our Engl
9、ish Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere 3We never know _ the old man is They say he is a teacher Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere否定转移否定转移当主句的谓语是当主句的谓语是think,believe think,believe 等动词时，某后作宾语等动词时，某后作宾语的的thatthat从句如果否定意义，通常将否定词从句如果否定意义，通常将否定词notnot移至主句动移至主句动词之前。词之前。I think.He isnt having a meeting.I think.They dont allow p
10、eople to swim in the lake.I dont think he is having a meeting.我认为我认为他他没有没有正在开会正在开会。I dont think they allow people to swim in the lake.我认为我认为他们他们不不允许人们在湖里游泳允许人们在湖里游泳。u宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：无论时陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句：无论时陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都用陈述语序，即都用陈述语序，即连接连接词词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分.1.His brother askes.When wi
11、ll he go to the library?His brother asks when will he go to the library.2.I dont know.What does he want to buy?I dont know what does he want to buy.3.Can you tell me.Who are we going to meet?Can you tell me who are we going to meet?His brother asks when he will go to the library.I dont know what he
12、wants to buy.Can you tell me who we are going to meet?u宾语从句的语序练一练练一练1.When does he get up?2.How did he go to work?3.Who will Tom play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.Can you tell me Do you know when he gets up?I want to know how he went to woek.Can you tell me
13、who Tom will play with?二、单项选择二、单项选择1.Could you tell me _?A.where he live B.where he lives C.where does he live D.he lives where2.He said that he _ speak a little English when he was five years old.A.might B.would C.could D.can3.I dont think that the book is very useful,_?A.do I B.is it C.doesnt it D
14、.isnt it二、单项选择二、单项选择4.Excuse me,can you tell me _?A.when can I get to the station B.I can get to which station C.which station can I get to D.how I can get to the station5.My brother asked me _ kite _.A.who,this was B.whose,this was C.whose,was this D.who,was thisu宾语从句的时态变化1.当主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时,现在进行时，
15、现在完成时）,从句的时态不做限制,可根据实际情况使用任何一种时态。vI know he lives here now.vI know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.u宾语从句的时态变化2.当主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.vI told me that she was talking with her mother at that
16、 time last week.vHe asked whether his father would come back the next day.vHe said that he had seen it before.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.u宾语从句的时态变化主句时态从 句 时 态连 接 前连 接 后一般现在时时态由从句决定一般过去时一般现在时work一般过去时worked一般过去时 worked过去完成时had worked一般将来时will wor
17、k过去将来时would work现在进行时is working 过去进行时was working现在完成时have worked 过去完成时had workedu宾语从句的时态变化1)He _ to Hong Kong.2)He _ sick.3)He _ _a book.4)He _ his work.He saidwould go waswas reading had finished 1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.练一练如果主句谓语是一般现在
18、时或将来时从句谓语的时态不受限制主现从随主现从随（主一从随)主过从也过主过从也过 如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态要随着改为相应的过去时态.1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they_ (return)it already.5.He
19、 said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)will be goes were playing have returned h
20、ad been travels are talking were were doing10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to Beijing several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun
21、 _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrotemoves has taken had been risesdid1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come bac
22、k.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homewor
23、k.连成一句话连成一句话7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They a
24、sked where Tom was.6.He asked me _ I knew French.A.that B.if C.as D.what7.Do you know who _ with at eight yesterday?A.he is talking B.was he talking C.he was talking D.is he talking8.-What did your mother say,Tom?-She asked me _.A.why my sister is crying B.why my sister was crying C.why is my sister
25、 crying D.why was my sister crying9.He told me that the sun _ in the east.A.rises B.raises C.rose D.raised10.Tom asked _ to school late.A.who did often come B.who often did comeC.who often come D.who often came宾宾语语从从句句三三要要素素引导词引导词that（陈述句（陈述句 ）ifwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在
26、时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时 从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变u本课小结1、考虑连接词 2、考虑人称3、考虑时态4、考虑语序“We have visited several countries round the world.”2、一主、一主 变变 theyMrs.Li told us thatthey had visited sever
27、al countries round the world.1、陈述句、陈述句 用用 that3、主句过去时态、主句过去时态 变变had4、语序陈述、语序陈述不变不变1 There is a new TV set in the room.She told me.She told me _there _a new TV set in the room.2 Where did you go last Sunday?Tom asked me.Tom asked me _ I _ last Sunday.3 What does your father do?Could you tell me?Could
28、 you tell me _ _ _ _?thatwaswherewentwhatyourfatherdoes4 where has Jack gone?Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ _?5“My father is a great scientist.”The girl says.The girl said _ _ father _a great scientist.whereJackhasgonethatherwas6 Chickens cant swim.I think.I _think chickens_swim.7 The sun rises in the east.My father told me.My father told me _the sun _in the east.8 The moon goes around the earth.Mr.Hu said to his students.Mr.Hu said to his students_the moon_around the earth.dontcanthatrisesthatgoesThanks！