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1、解密完形填空Learning objectives After the class,the students can：1.learn about the principles of the cloze test；2.grasp the steps of doing the cloze test.01题型分析02完形填空做题步骤03真题演练题型分析第一章节1 1、近三年完形填空文章的、近三年完形填空文章的体裁与题材及命题特点 试卷体裁题材文章长度 命题特点2020全国全国夹叙夹议夹叙夹议不要对孩子说谎不要对孩子说谎2661.选材以记叙和夹叙夹议文为主夹叙夹议文为主,偶尔涉及说明文说明文。2.从题
2、材上看,内容新颖、时尚,体现核心素养,突出“励志性、教育性励志性、教育性和启发性和启发性”,反映正确的价值导向,彰显正能量。全国记叙文主人公无意中购得两幅名家油画真迹258全国记叙文应对难对付的顾客2432019全国全国夹叙夹议夹叙夹议保护乞力马扎罗山保护乞力马扎罗山255全国记叙文帮人找回宠物狗281全国说明文科技改变生活2532018全国全国记叙文记叙文大学时学习国际象棋的感悟大学时学习国际象棋的感悟 270全国记叙文救人碰巧营救了自己的儿子 266全国记叙文一条错发的短信引发的善与美的故事2602 2、完形填空考查什么？、完形填空考查什么？完完形形填填空空主主要要考考查考考生生在在具具体
3、体语境境中中运运用用词汇知知识的的能能力力，考考查考考生生是是否否能能在在掌掌握握、理理解解文文章章主主旨旨大大意意和和段段间、句句内内及及句句间联系系的的基基础上上，准准确确判判断断和和选择符符合合特特定定上上下下文文语义和用法的和用法的动词、名、名词、形容、形容词和副和副词等。等。1354patterncolor2ACEDBWork out the puzzleWork out the puzzle The cloze test is a more complex puzzle.为什么选中这20个单词或短语？3、完形填空的命制原理是什么？、完形填空的命制原理是什么？格式塔原理：人格式塔原理
4、：人类对客客观事物的把握呈事物的把握呈现整体感整体感觉特征，特征，而非而非杂乱无章，任何乱无章，任何经过认知系知系统组织后的后的视觉、图像和像和轮廓都并非独立成像，而是廓都并非独立成像，而是依附于不可分割的整体依附于不可分割的整体，但部，但部分分简单相加又不同于整体，而是反相加又不同于整体，而是反过来由来由整体整体统帅部分部分，尤其尤其对于于语篇篇阅读而言，而言，任何任何语段的理解与解段的理解与解释都不能背都不能背离离语篇所篇所营造的整体造的整体环境境。点击添加标题文字Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit语篇语篇WhatH
5、owWhy语篇的主题和内容语篇的主篇的主题和内容和内容作者的意作者的意图、情感情感态度或度或价价值取向取向语篇的文体特征、内容篇的文体特征、内容结构和构和语言特点言特点4、完形填空的基本解、完形填空的基本解题思路：思路：1、先、先对文章文章进行整体把握和理解行整体把握和理解-文章的主旨、文章的主旨、脉脉络结构等。构等。2、结合上下文语境：利用已知信息利用已知信息 去破解未知信息去破解未知信息完形填空解题步骤第二章节Step1、独上高楼，望尽天涯路-探主旨 明脉络主旨：主旨：Robbie Pruitt offered to fix damaged bikes for free and even
6、donated repaired bikes to people in need.文章脉文章脉络：the theft of his bike-going bike shopping-his change of emotions-his decision to fix bikes for people-teaching children practical skills-peoples praiseNarrationwho,what,why,when,where,howStep2Step2、为伊消得人憔悴、为伊消得人憔悴-上下求索上下求索句内句内层次次题句句间层次次题语篇篇层次次题1、语境境1）
7、句内信息提示；）句内信息提示；2）上下句）上下句间信息提示；信息提示；3）上下段落信息提示。）上下段落信息提示。2、句、句间逻辑转折、折、递进、因果、因果、让步、步、举例、例、对照照3、信息复、信息复现原原词、同、同义词、反、反义词，同根同根词，上下，上下义词复复现20212021年天津卷年天津卷For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last
8、 September.But soon enough,his 17 took a turn.After letting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a road to sympathy 18 .16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened17.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route18.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yetoffence16.mad:very angry anger同同义词复复现emotion:a f
9、eeling such as happiness,love,fear,anger or hatred mad,anger,frustration 上下上下义词复复现对比：逻辑 For Pruitt,a keen bicyclist,the first thing to do was 19 his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping,he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the 20 of bikes was Covid-19 related,and what if the p
10、erson whod taken his bike really needed 21 to get to work?19.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace20.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality21.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permissionreplace：if you replace something that has been broken,stolen etc,you get a new one.更更换（已（已损坏、被盗的坏、被盗的东西）西
11、）a keen bicyclist few available lacktransportation get to work同同义重重现 With that thought in mind,Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website.He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repairagain 24 .And then he would donate t
12、hem to folks who could truly use them but didnt have the 25 to buy one.22.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from23.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered24.A.by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit25.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excusewith that thought in mindcame up wi
13、th a planoffered to fix bikes free of charge again for freehave the budget to buy one The day the post went live,Pruitt received thirty 26 bicycles.Then came more than 500 27 for detailed information.By the end of 2020,Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 28 to their owners.26.A.s
14、hared B.used C.expensive D.modern27.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements28.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returnedunwanted bikesused bicyclesfor detailed information enquiriesenquiry:a request for information about sb/sth;询问；打听；打听their ownersreturned同义词重现 Pruitt tries to give his donat
15、ions to families that are 29 struggling.30 simply satisfying a material need,he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.29.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly30.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among逻辑：beyond:more than sth 除了除了-之外之外 In addition to
16、31 skills,Pruitts lessons teach teamwork,encourage self-worth,and promote feelings of community.32 the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.“Its a really great 33 for kids,”said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a 34 ，but its not just the bikes.
17、Its the relationships in the community.Its the 35 he can make on people”31.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social32.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile33.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience34.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion35.A.compromise B.impression C.i
18、mpact D.progresshe has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.practical skillsa great experienceprovide a service inpact 试题设置句内句内层次次题：句句间层次次题：语篇篇层次次题：启示：以启示：以语篇篇为中心，上下求索中心，上下求索19，21，22，25，27，2816，17，20，23，24，30，3126，29，31，33，34，35Discussion Step3Step
19、3、众里寻他千百度、众里寻他千百度-再回首再回首 For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence.Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September.But soon enough,his emotions took a turn.After letting go of his anger and frustration,he found himself on a roa
20、d to sympathy instead.For Pruitt,a keen bicyclist,the first thing to do was replace his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping,he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the lack of bikes was Covid-19 related,and what if the person whod taken his bike really needed transportation to g
21、et to work?With that thought in mind,Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it on the community website.He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repairagain for free.And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them
22、but didnt have the budget to buy one.The day the post went live,Pruitt received thirty used bicycles.Then came more than 500 enquiries for detailed information.By the end of 2020,Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be returned to their owners.Pruitt tries to give his donations to fa
23、milies that are truly struggling.Beyond simply satisfying a material need,he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.In addition to practical skills,Pruitts lessons teach teamwork,encourage self-worth,and promote feelings of community.Meanwhile th
24、e kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.“Its a really great experience for kids,”said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a service，but its not just the bikes.Its the relationships in the community.Its the impact he can make on people”Step3Step3、众里
25、寻他千百度、众里寻他千百度-再回首再回首主旨大意主旨大意段落大意段落大意考考查词汇Robbie Pruitt offered to fix damaged bikes for free and even donated repaired bikes to people in need.Part1（para1-2)mad,emotions,instead,replace,lack,transportationPart 2(para3-6)came up with,offered,for free,budget,used,enquiries,returned,truly,beyond,practi
26、cal Part3(para7)experience,service,impactStep3Step3、众里寻他千百度、众里寻他千百度-再回首再回首Robbie Pruitt offered to fix damaged bikes for free and even donated repaired bikes to people in need.Para1：the change of his emotions about his stolen bikePara 2：the reason for changing his emotions.Para 3：his decision to fix
27、 bicycles free of charge.Para 4、5&6：how he helped people in the community.Para 7：his impacts on others.mad,emotions,insteadreplace,lack,transportationcame up with,offered,for free,budget used,enquiries,returned,truly,beyond,practical experience,service,impactSummary1、语篇context1）句内信息提示；）句内信息提示；2）上下句）
28、上下句间信息提示；信息提示；3）上下段落信息提示。）上下段落信息提示。what：语篇的主篇的主题和内容和内容why：作者的意作者的意图、情感、情感态度或价度或价值取向取向how：语篇的文体特征、篇的文体特征、内容内容结构和构和语言特点言特点3、词汇2、语境真题演练 第三章节主旨：不要对孩子撒谎Para1：为阻止孩子外出，阻止孩子外出，作者作者对孩子撒孩子撒谎。Para2：对孩子孩子们撒撒谎的感的感受。受。Para3：反思自己：反思自己对孩子孩子们撒撒谎的危害。的危害。Para4：提出面：提出面对类似情况似情况的正确做法。的正确做法。Since our twins began learning
29、to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41 is obvious.If we 42 it is a door,theyll want to go outside 43.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 44.But our insisting its 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open t
30、he door.I hate lying to the kids.One day theyll 47 and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.41.A.reliefB.target C.reasonD.case42.A.admitB.believe C.meanD.realize43.A.graduallyB.constantly C.temporarilyD.casually44.A.resultB.danger C.methodD.truth45.A.merelyB.slightly C.
31、hardlyD.partly46.A.reviewingB.approving C.receivingD.attempting47.A.win outB.give up C.wake upD.stand out48.A.dreamB.lie C.fantasyD.fact真真题演演练 I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50.I have a very strong 51 that the lie were telling is doing 52 damage to our children.Windows and
32、 doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻)meanings.Im telling them they cant open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity of some sort,and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 56 it and wonder,“What if it isnt a door?”That
33、 is,“What if it isnt a 57 opportunity?”49.A.parentsB.twins C.colleaguesD.teachers50.A.restrictionsB.explanations C.differences D.consequences51.A.demandB.fear C.desireD.doubt52.A.physicalB.biological C.spiritualD.behavioral53.A.traditionalB.important C.doubleD.original54.A.lifeB.time C.replyD.histor
34、y55.A.by comparison with B.in addition to C.regardless ofD.instead of 56.A.get hold ofB.stare at C.knock onD.make use of57.A.realB.typical C.similarD.limitedMaybe its an unreasonable fear.But the 58 is that I shouldnt lie to my kids.I should just 59 repeatedly having to say,“No.We cant go outside no
35、w.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they wont 60 to open them and walk through.58.A.safety rule B.comfort zoneC.bottom lineD.top secret59.A.delayB.regretC.enjoyD.accept60.A.hurryB.decideC.hesitateD.intend文章主旨文章主旨段落大意段落大意考考查词汇Dont tell lies to the kidsPara1：my l
36、ies and reasonsreason,admit,constantly,truth,merely,attemptPara2：my feelings about the lies.wake up,liePara3：the damage to children done by the parents lies.parents,consequences,fear,spiritual,important,life,instead of,real,stare atPara4：my view and proper way of dealing with such things.bottom line
37、,accept,hesitate四、四、Reflection1、心、心态：完形：完形伤我千百遍，我待完形如初恋我千百遍，我待完形如初恋2、做、做题步步骤：Step1 独上高楼，望尽天涯路独上高楼，望尽天涯路-探主旨，明脉探主旨，明脉络 Step2 为伊消得人憔悴伊消得人憔悴-上下求索上下求索 Step3 众里众里寻他千百度他千百度-再回首再回首 语篇篇 语境境 词汇The cloze test has hurt me a thousand times,but I still regard it as my first love.五、Assignments1、Summarize the theme of the passage and main ideas of each paragraph;2、Analyze the language features of the passage.Thank you for listening