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1、.必修一必修一Unit oneUnit oneAnnes Best FriendDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to,like your deepestfeelings and thoughts?Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you,orwould not understand what you are going through going through?Anne Frank wanted the firstkind,so she made her
2、diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands Netherlands during World War.Her familywas Jewish so they had to hide oe they would be caught by the GermanGerman Nazis.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they werediscovered.During that time the only true
3、 friend was her diary.She said,”Idont want to set down a series ofset down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,but Iwant this diary itself to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.”Now readhow she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June,1944Dear Kit
4、ty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long thatIve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well rememberthat there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight andflowers could never have kept me spellbound.Thats changed since I was he
5、re.For example,one evening when it was so warm,I stayed awake on purpose on purposeuntil half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self.But asthe moon gave far too much light,I didn t dare open a window.Another timefive months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the wind
6、ow was open.Ididnt go downstairs until the window bad to be shut.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thunderingthundering clouds held me entirelyentirely in their powerpower;it was the firsttime in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to faceface to faceSadly I am only able to look at natur
7、e through dirty curtainscurtains hangingbefore very dustydusty windows.Its no pleasure looking through these any longerbecause nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours,AnneUnit twoUnit twoThe Road to Modern EnglishAt the end of the 16th century,about five to seven million people spo
8、keEnglish.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century,people fromEngland made voyagesvoyages to conquer other parts of the world,andbecause ofbecause of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today,more people speakEnglish as their first,second or a foreign languag
9、e than ever before.NativeNative English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speakthe same kind of English.Look at this example:British Betty:Would you like to see my flat?American Amy:Yes.Id like to come upcome up to your apartment.apartment.So why has English changed over time?Actu
10、allyActually all languages change anddevelop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At fist theEnglish spoken in England between about AD AD 450 and 1150 was very differentfrom the English spoken today.It was basedbased more on German than the Englishwe speak at presentat present.Then gr
11、aduallygradually between about AD 500 and 1150,Englishbecame less like German because those who ruled England spoke firstDanishDanishand later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especiallyits vocabularyvocabulary.So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of make use o
12、f a widervocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to.Englishbegan to be spoken in both countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two bigchanges in English spellin
13、gspelling happened:first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionaryand later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language.The latterlatter gave a separate identity identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For.exampl
14、e,India has a very large number of fluentfluent English speakers becauseBritain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became thelanguage for government and education.English is also spoken in SingaporeSingaporeand Malaysiaalaysia and countries in Africa such assuch as South Africa.T
15、oday the number ofpeople learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact,China may have thelargest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity?Only time will tell.STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSSTANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English?Is it spoken in B
16、ritain,the US,Canada,Australia,India and New Zealand?Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standardEnglish.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standardEnglish.This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the newswere expected to speak excellent Englis
17、h.However,on TV and the radio you willhear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressionsexpressions different from the“standardlanguage”,it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects,especiallythe midwestern midwestern,southern,AfricanAfrican American and Span
18、ish Spanish dialects.Even in someparts of the USA,two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.American English has so many dialects because people have come from all overthe world.Geography also plays a partplays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in themountains of the
19、 easterneastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.WhenAmericans moved from one place to another,they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in thesoutheasternsoutheastern USA speak with almost thesame dialect as people in the northwesternnorthwestern USA.The USA is
20、a large country inwhich many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot,they still recognizerecognize and understand each others dialects.Unit threeUnit threeJourney Down the MekongJourney Down the MekongPART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang Kun.Ever sinceEver since midd
21、le school,my sister Wang Wei and Ihave dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought anexpensive mountain bike and then she persuaded persuaded me to buy one.Last year,shevisited our cousins,Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming.They areDai and grew up in western Yunnan P
22、rovince near the Lancang River,the Chinesepart of the river that is called the Mekong River in othercountries.Wang Weisoon got time interested in cyclingcycling too.After graduatinggraduating from college,wefinallyfinally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister,“Where are wegoing?”It wa
23、s my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire MekongRiver from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning ourscheduleschedulefor the trip.I am fond ofam fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcomingshortcoming.She can be reallystubbornstubborn.Although she didnt know
24、 the best way of getting to places,sheinsisted that she organize organize the trip properly.Now I know that the proper way isalways her way.I kept asking her,“When are we leaving and when are wecoming back?”I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course shehadnt;my sister doesn t care abo
25、utcare about details.So I told her that the source ofthe Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determineddetermined look-the kindthat said she would not changechange herher mindmind.When I told her that our journeyjourneywould begin at an altitudealtitude of more than 5,000 meters,she seemed t
26、o be excitedabout it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be verycold,she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Onceshe has made up her mindmade up her mind,nothing can change it.Finally,I had to give ingive in.Several months before our trip,Wang W
27、ei and I went to the library.We found alarge atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From theatlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly.Itbecomes rapids as it passes through deep valleysvalleys,traveling across westernYunnan Province.Sometimes th
28、e river becomes a water fall and enters widevalleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After itleaves China and high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide,brown and warm.Asit enters Southeast Asia,its pacepace slows.It makes wide bendsbends or meandersthrough low valleys t
29、o the plains where rice grows.At last,the river delta entersthe South China Sea.JOUENEY DOWN THE MEKONGJOUENEY DOWN THE MEKONGPart2Part2A Night in the MountainsA Night in the MountainsAlthough it was autumn,the snow wasAlthough it was autumn,the snow wasalready beginning to fall in Tibet().Ourlegs w
30、ere so heavy and cold thatthey felt like big pieces of ice.Have youeverseen snowmen ride bicylces?Thats what we looked like!Along the waychildren dressed in long woolwool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoonwe found it was so cold that our water bottles froze.However,the lakes shonelike
31、 glass in the setting sun and loooked wonderful.Wang Wei rode in front of measas usualusual.She is very reliablereliable and I and I knew I didnt need to encourageher.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us,we weresurprised by the viewview.We seemed to be able to see for mile
32、s.At one point wewere so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we begangoing downthe hills.It was great fun especially as it slowly became muchwarmer.In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaksand sheep eating green grass.At this point we had to change
33、 our caps,coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent andthen we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on he r pillowr pillow and wentto sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the starsgrew brigh
34、ter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind-only theflamesflames of ourfire for company.As I lay beneathbeneath the stars I thought about how far we hadalready travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunan Province soon,where our cousinsDao Wei and YuHang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!Unit fo
35、urUnit fourA Night the Earth didnA Night the Earth didnt Sleept SleepStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For threedays the water in the villagewellswells rose and fell,rose and fell.Farmers noticedthat the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of th
36、e cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Miceran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowlsand ponds.At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976,some people saw bright lights inthe sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city o
37、f Tangshan evenwhen no planes were in the sky.In the city,the waterpipespipes in some buildingscracked and burst burst.But the one millionmillion people of the city,who thought little ofthese eventsevents,were asleep as usual the night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemedas ifas if the wor
38、ld was at an end at an end!Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20thcentury had begun.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundredkilometers away.One-third of the nationnation felt it.A huge crack that was eightkilometers long and thirty meters wide cut a
39、cross houses,roads and canalscanals.SteamSteam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirtdirt.In.fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruinsin ruins.The sufferingsuffering of the people wasextremeextreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injuredinjured during the ea
40、rthquake.Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they lookednearly every thing was destroyeddestroyed.All of the citys hospitals,75%of its factoriesand buildings and 90%of its homes were gone.BricksBricks co
41、vered the ground likered autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Twodamsdams fell andmost of the bridges also fell or were not safefor traveling.The railwaytrackstrackswere now uselessuseless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never givemilk again.Half a million pigs and mill
42、ions of chickens were dead.Sand now filledthe wells instead of water.People were shockedshocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescuerescue workers and doctors weretrappedtrapped under the ruins.Morebuildings f
43、ell down.Water,food,and electricityelectricity were hard to get.People beganto wonder how long the disasterdisaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers ofthousands of people were helped.The army organized teams todig outdig out thosewho were trapped
44、and to burybury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the10,000 miners miners were rescued from the coal minesmines there.Workers built shelterssheltersfor survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the cityby train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.译文
45、：地球的一个不眠之夜地球的一个不眠之夜省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在 1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在城外也可以听到飞机声。在市，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大的一次地震就在市正下方 11公里处发生了。100公里以外的市
46、都感到了地震，全国1/3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒钟，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50
47、万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩.埋。在市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市运来了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Uint fiveUint fiveElia
48、sElias Story StoryMy name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I firstmet Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyerlawyer to whom I went for advice.Heoffered guidanceguidance to poor black p
49、eople on their legallegal problems.He wasgenerous with his time,for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.Theschool where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had toleave because my family could not continue to pay the sc
50、hoolfeesfees and the busfare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard,I got a job in a gold mine.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live inJohannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there,and I worriedabout whether I would become out of workout of