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1、专题一专题一名词名词主要考查三个方面：主要考查三个方面：1 1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析；、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析；2 2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词组的意义和用法；组的意义和用法；3 3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。名词的数名词的数规则名词的复数形式规则名词的复数形式规则规则在清辅音后读在清辅音后读/s/s/mapmap_seasea_girlgirl_1 1一般情况在词尾加一般情况在词尾加 s s在元音及浊辅音后在元音及浊辅音后dayday_appleapple_读读/z/z
2、/规则规则2 2 以以 s,x,ch,shs,x,ch,sh 结尾结尾eses 一般读作一般读作/iz/iz/的名词后加的名词后加 eseswatchwatch_ brush(_ brush(刷子刷子)-_)-_leafleaf（叶子）（叶子）_thief(thief(小偷小偷)_knifeknife_wifewife（妻子）（妻子）_classclass_ box-_ box-_读音读音例子例子读音读音例子例子3 3 以以 f f 或或 fefe 结尾的名词结尾的名词vesves 一般读作一般读作变变 f f 和和 fefe 为为 v v 再加再加 eses/vz/vz/规则规则读音读音例子
3、例子以以 y y4 4的名的名词词以辅音字母以辅音字母y y 结尾的名结尾的名(e)s(e)s 一般读一般读familyfamily_partyparty_storystory_citycity_结尾结尾词，变词，变 y y 为为 i i，再加，再加 eses作作/iz/iz/以元音字母以元音字母y y 结尾的名结尾的名词词+s+ss s 一般读作一般读作toytoy_boyboy_dayday_/z/z/有生命的一般加有生命的一般加-es-esherohero_ potato_ potato_tomato_tomato_5.5.以以 o o 结尾的名结尾的名词词无生命的一般加无生命的一般加-
4、s-szoozoo_ photo_ photo_可数名词复数形式的不规则变化可数名词复数形式的不规则变化规则规则例词例词pianopiano_ radio_ radio_改变名词中的元改变名词中的元1 1音字母或其他变音字母或其他变化形式化形式manman_ woman_ woman_footfoot_ tooth_ tooth_ goose_ goose_特殊：特殊：childchild_ mouse_ mouse_2 2trousers clothes chopstickstrousers clothes chopsticks3 3只有复数形式只有复数形式glassesglasses（眼镜
5、）（眼镜）goods(goods(商品商品)单复数同形单复数同形sheepsheep_ deer_ deer_一些集体名词用一些集体名词用4 4作复数作复数规则规则例词例词people police cattle(people police cattle(牛牛)staff)staff（全体职员）（全体职员）AmericanAmerican_ German_ German_加加-s-sEuropeanEuropean_表示“某表示“某5 5国人”变国人”变复数复数单复数同形单复数同形ChineseChinese_ Japanese_ Japanese_以以-man-man 或或Englishma
6、nEnglishman_-woman-woman 结尾的改为结尾的改为-FrenchwomanFrenchwoman_menmen 或或-women-women记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余 s s 加后面加后面常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词类别类别例词例词 orange orange 橙汁橙汁 milk milk 牛奶牛奶 water water 水水液体液体物质名物质名词词食物食物 bread bread 面包面包 meat meat 肉肉 cheese cheese 奶酪奶酪 wine wine 酒酒 juice juice 果汁果汁 tea tea 茶茶
7、 coffee coffee 咖啡咖啡 soup soup 汤汤 oil oil 油油自然物体自然物体 soil soil 土壤土壤 sand sand 沙子沙子 wood wood 木头木头类别类别情感情感例词例词 joy joy 高兴高兴 friendship friendship 友谊友谊 peace peace 和平和平 math math 数学数学 geography geography 地理地理学科学科抽象抽象名词名词概念概念 physics physics 物理物理 chemistry chemistry 化学化学 advice advice 建议建议 information i
8、nformation 信息信息 news news 消息消息 time time 时间时间 money money 金钱金钱populationpopulation 人口人口 knowledge knowledge 知识知识musicmusic 音乐音乐不可数名词的量化不可数名词的量化数词量词数词量词ofof不可数名词不可数名词具体的量具体的量two bottles of orangetwo bottles of orange表示量的限定词不可数名词表示量的限定词不可数名词大概的量大概的量some good pieces of newssome good pieces of news不可数名词
9、的多少可用以下词组来表示：不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block ofa block of 一块；一块；a bottle of a bottle of 一瓶一瓶 a group of a group of 一群；一群；a pile of a pile of 一堆一堆 a pair of a pair of 一组一组/双双/对；对；a piece of a piece of 一片一片/张张/块块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词词义词义单词单词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词鱼，鱼类鱼，鱼类（条数，种类）（条数，种类）fishfish（复数形式：
10、（复数形式：fishfish）鱼肉鱼肉roomroom房间房间 a room a room空间空间玻璃杯玻璃杯 a glass;a glass;眼镜眼镜glassglass（glassesglasses）玻璃玻璃timetime次数，倍数次数，倍数 three times three times时间时间experienceexperience经历经历 an experience an experience词义词义单词单词可数名词可数名词经验经验不可数名词不可数名词workwork作品作品 a work a work工作工作waterwater水域（水域（waterswaters）水水orang
11、eorange橘子（橘子（orangesoranges）橘子汁橘子汁foodfood【20162016 广东】广东】食物种类食物种类食物食物The broken _may cut into your hand if you touch it,you should be careful.The broken _may cut into your hand if you touch it,you should be careful.A.glassA.glass B.glasses B.glasses C.candle C.candle D.candles D.candles【20162016 广西
12、来宾】广西来宾】There are many _ about this farm.There are many _ about this farm.Yes,lots of _ are planted on it.Yes,lots of _ are planted on it.A.photo;potatoA.photo;potato B.photos;potatos B.photos;potatosC.photos;potatoesC.photos;potatoes D.photoes;potatoes D.photoes;potatoes1.Help yourself to some_.The
13、re are lots of vitamins in them.1.Help yourself to some_.There are lots of vitamins in them.A.tomatoA.tomato B.tomatoes B.tomatoes C.tomatos C.tomatos D.potatos D.potatos you take a plane,you cannot take _ onto the plane with you.you take a plane,you cannot take _ onto the plane with you.A.knifeA.kn
14、ife B.knifes B.knifes C.knives C.knives D.a knives D.a knives3.The _ have caught the two_ already.3.The _ have caught the two_ already.A.policeman;thiefA.policeman;thiefD.policeman;thievesD.policeman;thieves【20162016 重庆】Its sports time.Most重庆】Its sports time.Most students in Class 1 are playing stud
15、ents in Class 1 are playingfootball on the playground.football on the playground.A.boyA.boyB.boysB.boysC.boysC.boysD.boysD.boys B.policemen;thiefs B.policemen;thiefs C.policemen;thieves C.policemen;thieves【20152015 攀枝花】攀枝花】All the are fromAll the are from A.men doctors;Germany B.men doctors;German A
16、.men doctors;Germany B.men doctors;German C.man doctors;Germany D.man doctor;German C.man doctors;Germany D.man doctor;German【20152015 广安】广安】How many can you see in the pictureHow many can you see in the pictureTwoTwoA.dog B.child C.sheeps D.sheepA.dog B.child C.sheeps D.sheep【20152015 天河】天河】Would y
17、ou like something to drinkWould you like something to drink ,please.,please.A.Two bottle of orange B.Two bottle of orangesA.Two bottle of orange B.Two bottle of orangesC.Two bottles of orange D.Two bottles of orangesC.Two bottles of orange D.Two bottles of oranges名词所有格名词所有格ss 所有格所有格使用场合与构成方法使用场合与构成方
18、法例子例子1 1单数名词在末尾加s单数名词在末尾加s2 2复数复数名词名词the boys fatherthe boys father一般在末尾加一般在末尾加the teachers roomthe teachers room不规则复数名词后加s不规则复数名词后加sChildrens DayChildrens Day表示各有关系时表示各有关系时,各名词末尾均须加s各名词末尾均须加sJanes and Marys bikes（两人各有）Janes and Marys bikes（两人各有）3 3表示共有关系时，在最后一词末加s表示共有关系时，在最后一词末加sofof 所有格所有格“名词“名词+o
19、f+of+名词”表示物体所属关系。名词”表示物体所属关系。使用场合与构成方法使用场合与构成方法例子例子Jane and Marys bike （两人共有）Jane and Marys bike （两人共有）多用在无生命事物名词前多用在无生命事物名词前a map of China the legs of the chaira map of China the legs of the chair也可用于表示人和其他有生也可用于表示人和其他有生命的名词，一般用在名词定语较长的时候命的名词，一般用在名词定语较长的时候注意注意the story of Sun Yangthe story of Sun Y
20、ang Sun Yangs storySun Yangs story孙杨的故事孙杨的故事双重所有格双重所有格 of+of+名词所有格名词所有格Lucy is a friend of my sisters.Lucy is a friend of my sisters.露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。of+of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词a picture of her sons 她儿子的一张照片a picture of her sons 她儿子的一张照片(属于儿子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她儿子属于儿子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她儿子)由“数词由“数词+名词”构成的合成名词作定
21、语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有名词”构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有连字符“连字符“-”。”。a two-day holidaya two-day holiday两天的假期两天的假期a 200-metre-wide rivera 200-metre-wide river一条一条 200200 米宽的河米宽的河 少数名词使用的固定搭配（少数名词使用的固定搭配（toto 所有格）所有格）the way to the bankthe way to the bankthe key to the doorthe key to the doorthe ans
22、wer to the questionthe answer to the question【20162016 山东东营】山东东营】Are you sure this is a photo ,the famous comedy actressAre you sure this is a photo ,the famous comedy actressDo you know the name of theDo you know the name of theboy sitting in bedboy sitting in bedIt surprised you,didnt it But she w
23、as once really thin.It surprised you,didnt it But she was once really thin.A.Jia Ling Jia LingB.Jia LingsB.Jia LingsC.of Jia LingC.of Jia LingD.of Jia LingsD.of Jia Lings【20152015 武威】武威】_ mothers cant go to parents meeting because they are too busy._ mothers cant go to parents meeting because they a
24、re too busy.A.Jacks and PaulA.Jacks and PaulC.Jack and PaulsC.Jack and Pauls【20142014 广东】广东】Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _ Day.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _ Day.A.Woman B.Women C.Womans D.WomensA.Woman B.Women C.Woman
25、s D.Womens【20152015 黑龙江】黑龙江】Whose room is this Is it theWhose room is this Is it theYes,it isYes,it isA.twins;Tom and Tims B.twins;Toms and TimsA.twins;Tom and Tims B.twins;Toms and TimsC.twins;Tom and TimC.twins;Tom and Tim【20152015 临沂】临沂】I live near the station.Its only about fiveI live near the s
26、tation.Its only about fivewalkwalkA.minutes B.minuteA.minutes B.minuteC.minutes D.minutesC.minutes D.minutes1._ school is quite near the bus station.1._ school is quite near the bus station.and Tom and Toms B.Teds B.Teds and Toms and Toms C.Ted and Tom D.Ted and Tomss C.Ted and Tom D.Ted and Toms2.D
27、o you know the boy who is playing soccer there2.Do you know the boy who is playing soccer thereCertainly.He is a friend of my _.Certainly.He is a friend of my _.B.Jacks and PaulsB.Jacks and PaulsD.Jack and PaulD.Jack and PaulA.brother B.brothers C.brotherA.brother B.brothers C.brothers D.brotherss D
28、.brotherss sReading timeReading timeAGREedydogwentintoabutcherbutchersshopandstoleabigjuicybone.Heranawaysofastthatthebutcherbutchercouldnotcatchhim.Heranoutintothefieldswithhisbone.Hewasgoingtoeatitallbyhimself.thedogcametoastreamstream.Therewasanarrowbridgeacrossit.Thedogwalkedontothebridge,andloo
29、kedintothewater.Hecouldseeanotherdogwithabigboneinhismouth.theGREedydogthoughttheboneinthewaterlookedmuchbiggerthantheonehehadstolenfromthebutcherbutcher.theGREedydogdroppedthebonefromhismouth.Itfellfellintothewaterandwaslost.Hejumpedintothewatertosnatchsnatchthebiggerbonefromtheotherdog.theGREedydo
30、gjumpedintothewaterwithabigsplash.Helookedeverywherebuthecouldnotseetheotherdog.Hisshadowshadowhadgone.thesillydogwenthomehungry.HelosthisboneandgotnothingbecausehehadbeentooGREedy.Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face.Rising up in anger,hecaught him and was about to kill him
31、,when the Mouse piteously entreated,saying:Ifyou would only spare my lifespare my life,I would be sure to repayrepay your kindness.The Lionlaughed and let him go.It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some huntershunters,who boundhim by strong ropesropes to the ground.The Mouse,r
32、ecognizing his roar,came up,andgnawedgnawed the rope with his teeth,and setting him free,exclaimed:You ridiculed theYou ridiculed theidea of my ever being able to help you,not expecting to receive from me anyidea of my ever being able to help you,not expecting to receive from me anyrepayment of your favour;but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse torepayment of your favour;but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse toconfer benefits on a Lion.confer benefits on a Lion.