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1、雅思写作task2的论证方法及其结构分析ExemplificationExample： a specific fact， idea， person, or thing that is used to explain or support a general idea， or to show what is typical of a larger group举例相关关联词：For exampleFor instanceTake (Consider)as an exampleA case in pointsuch asincludingSome people think that animals
2、should be treated as friends. Yet others only consider animals as sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion？Sample AnswerThere is a growing tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur。 This leads to the cruel slaughter of animals all over the world ever
3、y year。 Yet， in my opinion, instead of killing animals， human beings should treat them as their friends.It is an undeniable fact that animals play a vital role in maintaining the subtle balance of the earths ecological system。 The lack of this essential part will bring about the destruction of the w
4、hole world。 Therefore， to some extent， killing animals is equal to digging our own graves.For thousands of years, many animals have given loyal service to humans. Pigeons convey messages in wartime， and dogs help to detect crime. Even pigs， which many people think are the most stupid animals， are us
5、ed in the battle against drugs. There is no doubt that our lives would be far less convenient without a little help from our animal friends。 Animals also help humans in a spiritual way。 There is nothing better than keeping a cat or a dog if you want your kids to be more independent and responsible。
6、It is also noted that senior citizens live longer if they keep pets after their retirement.To sum up, animals are human beings friends. Those who regard animals as merely a source of food and clothing should at least bear one thing in mind： Being kind to animals is being kind to ourselves。 Therefore
7、， for our own future benefit, please treat animals with love and care。Topic sentence：A growing number of environmental problems are no longer confined to a certain region or country。 For example， oil spills can pollute international waters and the loss of the ozone layer may lead to the melting of i
8、ce caps and glaciers, which in turn, may raise sea levels worldwide。Topic sentence:The advertisements on TV， newspaper and other kinds of media may confuse consumers and make them rush to purchase products which they dont really need.Take the cell phone for example. Its functions and practical use a
9、re often exaggerated in advertisements. Whats more， the advertisements even create a fashionable atmosphere for cell phones which appeals to young people to change their phones continuously while ignoring the basic service of cell phones is just to make a phone call.Explanation解释：It meansThat is to
10、sayIn other wordsTo put it another wayBy that I meanI believe the traditional family， with both parents providing emotional support and role-models for their children, is the most satisfactory way of bringing up children.Education after birth plays a significant role in ones development。 Education，
11、which helps children develop their thinking and accumulate their knowledge, is a deciding factor of ones success. For example， a highschool level person commonly may not succeed to the extent of a person who has received a university education. This is not only because of the greater breadth of know
12、ledge acquired， but also due to a more critical and focused way of thinking that is imparted and refined during ones senior education。I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is im
13、portant in our lives （the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy， etc.） and what is not （a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things， etc.）Cause and EffectCause:because ofas a result ofdue tothanks toowing tobecauseassinceforResult：as a resul
14、tas a consequenceaccordinglyin this waythushencesotherefore妇女不应该当兵，因为她们的体力不如男子。Women should be join in the armyWomen should not be a member of the armyWomen should not take up a military career because they are not as strong as menbecause they are inferior to men in physical strengthbecause of their
15、 physical inadequaciesIn many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour。What do you think are the causes of this？What solutions can you suggest？范文：Poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for
16、 this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children。 These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this， but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want， r
17、egardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.在许多国家，由于出生率的下降,家庭规模越来越小。这些家庭里的孩子经常被大人宠坏，这倒不是说他们得到了太多的爱和关怀，因为外出工作的父母没有那么多的时间给与这些，而是更加物质的方面。父母允许这些小孩不管价格高低想
18、要什么就得到什么，而且为所欲为。这意味着在这些孩子的成长过程中，他们没有学会考虑他人，也不知道自己所享受的生活来自哪里.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline。 They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.当这些孩子到了上学年龄，他们没有学会任何自制力。和父母相比，他们不那么尊敬老师，也不愿意遵守学校的规章
19、制度。Comparison and Contrastsimilarlylikewisein the same mannerin the same waybutwhilewhereaswhilston the contraryin contrastby contraston the other handinsteadratherconverselyPlane is the fastest means of transportation。 It used to take us about 10 hours to go to a place by car。 Now, we can go there
20、in no more than 1 hour by air。 What used to take us 10 hours by car can now be covered within 1 hour by air. Concession and Refutationalthoughwhileadmittedlyit is true thatit is often the case thatbuthoweverneverthelessAlthough old people are unlikely to face physically challenging tasks, there are
21、many jobs that are especially suitable for old people, such as jobs that call for more experience and wisdom than physical power。 With their rich experience in both work and life， many old people would make good consultants, instructors, coaches， doctors and psychologists, to mention only a few。 Gir
22、ls also appear to be less aggressive than boys。 In adulthood， it is men, not women， who prove to be the aggressors in crime and in war。 Obviously, in raising children， a more patient， gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one. Although there are certainly gentle men and aggressive women,
23、by and large， females are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.论证方法总结及分类论证:妇女是否应当参军？In many countries, women are not able to join in the army to share equal basis with men and some people think that only men should be a member of the army， navy and air force。 To what ext
24、ent do you agree or disagree？应当；不应当;主体客体分类Why should?l 战争的状态和要求The way battles are fought has undergone dramatic changes and so women have an equal basis as men。l 参军的职责Just as men have the responsibility of bringing up children with women, so women should bear the burden of protecting their own coun
25、try by joining in the army.Why should not?（军人必备的条件？物质/非物质？）l 妇女体力不行（妇女不应当当兵是因为她们的体力不如男子。）l 男女分工不同Culturally speaking, women are not fit for the position of killing。分类：主体/客体主体分类:什么妇女？客体分类：当什么兵？完整文章分析:Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why they have the greate
26、r role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting。 Write an essay expressing your point of view.Sample Answer:The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true throughout history。 This is not to say that men are not o
27、f importance in child-rearing; indeed， they are most necessary if children are to appreciate fully the roles of both sexes. But women have proven themselves superior parents as a result of their conditioning， their less aggressive nature and their generally better communication skills.From the time
28、they are little girls， females learn about nurturing。 First with dolls and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of career. Girls see their mothers in the same roles and so it is natural that they identify this as a female activity。 Boys, in contrast， learn compet
29、itive role far removed from what it means to nurture。 While boys may dream of adventures, girls conditioning means they tend to see the future in terms of raising families。Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood， it is men, not women, who prove to be the aggressors in crime a
30、nd in war. Obviously， in raising children, a more patient， gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one。 Although there certainly exist gentle men and aggressive women， by and large, females are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.Finally， women tend to be bette
31、r communicators than men。 This is shown in intelligence tests, where females， on average， do better in verbal communication than males。 Of course， communication is of utmost importance in rearing children, as children tend to learn from and adopt the communication styles of their parents。Thus， while
32、 it is all very well to suggest a greater role for men in raising children, let us not forget that women are generally better suited to the parenting role。雅思议论文论证结构ArgumentSome people think that Others believe that Discuss and give your opinion。题目特点：题目当中包含着针锋相对的两种观点.要求讨论并且提出你自己的观点。平衡式l 交代双方观点l 观点一及其
33、理由l 观点二及其理由l 我的观点（倾向性-一或二或折中）注意：中心思想常在末段首句Some people believe that money spent on space research benefits all of humanity。 Others take the opposite view and say that money for this type of research is wasted. Discuss these views and give your opinion。Sample Answer：For over fifty years， a number of n
34、ations have been involved in the exploration of outer space. This research has been very costly, of course. Has this money been well spent or wasted？Some people believe that all or most space research should be eliminated because of its incredible expense， not only in terms of money, but also in ter
35、ms of scientific and human resources。 These people point out the fact that it cost billions of dollars to send astronauts to the moon, but all they brought back were some worthless rocks。 These people say that the money and effort now being wasted in outer space could be spent on more important proj
36、ects right here on earth, such as providing housing for homeless people， improving the education system, saving the environment, and finding cures for diseases.However, other people believe that space research has provided many benefits to mankind. They point out that hundreds of useful products, fr
37、om personal computers to heart pacemakers to freeze-dried foods, are the direct or indirect results of space research。 They say that weather and communication satellites, which are also products of space programs, have benefited people all over the globe. In addition to these practical benefits, sup
38、porters of the space program point to the scientific knowledge that has been acquired about the sun, the moon， the planets， and even our own earth as a result of space research。I agree with those people who support space research and wish to continue. Space research, as shown, has already brought ma
39、ny benefits to humanity。 Perhaps it will bring even more benefits in the future, ones that we cannot even imagine now. Moreover, just as individual people need challenges to make their lives more interesting， I believe the human race itself needs a challenge， and I think that the peaceful exploratio
40、n of outer space provides just such a challenge。Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair。Discuss both these views and give your own opinion。题解：和从事其他重要职业的人士相比,
41、成功的职业运动员能挣多得多的钱。一些人认为这是完全合理的,而其他人认为不公平。讨论这两种观点并提出你的看法。范文:As a result of constant media attention， sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries。 Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars。Many
42、people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists， or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society
43、 a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds。 Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate。 So the notion of “fairness” is not the issue.Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified mi
44、ght argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful。 Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media i
45、s intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings。 Personally， I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars， but at the same time， it indicates that our society places m
46、ore value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.译文：由于媒体的不断关注，我所在的国家的职业运动员成了明星和名人，那些顶级的选手得到高额收入。如同电影明星那样，他们过着奢华的生活方式，住豪宅，开名车。许多人觉得职业运动员的报酬不公平，尤其是把他们的高薪和顶级医生或研究性科学家的收入加以对比的时候，或者和拥有治理国家职责的出色政治家比较的时候。但是，运动员的收入不是由他们对社会的贡献所决定,也不和他们承担的职责高低相关。他们的收入反映的是体育总体上的公众流行度和成功的体育明星所获得的公众支持度。因此，公
47、正与否的概念在此不适用。那些觉得体育明星的高收入是合理的人认为拥有真正才干的职业运动员数量稀少，他们挣的钱体现了对于为成功而必须拥有的技能和贡献的认可。在运动员相对短暂的职业生涯里，竞争无处不在，选手每一次的表现都会经受考验。媒体的压力很大，几乎没有什么隐私.所以这些因素可以解释高收入的合理性。我个人认为和影星的巨额收入相比,这些体育明星挣的钱更合理，但与此同时，这个现象表明我们社会重视体育甚于其他更重要的职业。分析：本文为社会类话题,讨论类题材。作为讨论类题材，本文写作方法是在第一段话引出话题，交代问题争论的焦点:体育明星的高收入。第二段话提出反方，也就是认为职业运动员收入过高的人的观点及理
48、由.分析时把运动员的高收入和其他重要行业人士的收入进行了对比。作者在提出反方理由之后进行了相应的反驳,然后在第三段话提出正方，也就是认为职业运动员高收入合理的人的观点。然后进行论证，加以支持。最后在结论段里总结自己的观点，指出体育明星挣钱多的合理之处。大家在研读这篇范文时可以着重学习结构上的平衡性以及论证上通过对比手法紧扣主题。用词多样:“收入高”,题目中用的是earn a great deal of money，文中几处地方分别改写成了are paid huge salaries， super salaries, huge earnings。“认为”，文中分别用了find， feel, 和think等.句型多变：长短句结合：例如第二段和第三段论证用的长句和总结时的短句。分类式 l 交代双方观点并指出其复杂性,进行分类l 情形一及做法l 情形二及做法