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1、短短 文文 改改 错错 2015-2017全国卷全国卷考点分布考点分布五解题策略五解题策略3步解题法时态误用时态误用主动语态与被动语态误用主动语态与被动语态误用短文改错取材于考生短文改错取材于考生作文在时态上常用作文在时态上常用一一般现在时和一般过去般现在时和一般过去时时，有些句子中谓语，有些句子中谓语动词的时态和语态本动词的时态和语态本身没有什么错误，只身没有什么错误，只有立足于上下文才能有立足于上下文才能发下其中的错误。发下其中的错误。动词动词名词名词 形容词、副词形容词、副词冠词冠词介词介词从句引导词从句引导词时态语态时态语态主谓一致错误主谓一致错误非谓语动词错误非谓语动词错误单复数使用
2、及所有格的错用单复数使用及所有格的错用混淆形容词、的副词词性混淆形容词、的副词词性原级、比较级和最高级的误用原级、比较级和最高级的误用错用由现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词错用由现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词a/an/the a/an/the 错用及缺失与多余错用及缺失与多余 及物动词后多用了介词及物动词后多用了介词不及物动词后少了介词不及物动词后少了介词搭配中介词的错用搭配中介词的错用代词代词主格和宾格；物主代词；反身代词；不定代词主格和宾格；物主代词；反身代词；不定代词并列连并列连词词连词的错用，如连词的错用，如andand和和butbut等等连词的多余，如前面有连词的多余，如前面有alth
3、oughalthough，不能再用，不能再用butbut代词类代词类错误错误 人称是否一致人称是否一致单复数是否一致单复数是否一致前后指代是否一致前后指代是否一致逻辑类逻辑类错误错误 BesidesBesides，howeverhowever，thereforetherefore 一看一看“一致性一致性”：主谓是否一致；指代是否一致；主谓是否一致；指代是否一致；修饰语与被修饰语是否一致；前后时态是否一致；修饰语与被修饰语是否一致；前后时态是否一致；单复数是否一致等。单复数是否一致等。二看二看“搭配搭配”：动宾是否搭配；动词与介词是否搭配；介词与名词是否搭配；固定动宾是否搭配；动词与介词是否搭配
4、；介词与名词是否搭配；固定搭配是否正确等。搭配是否正确等。三看三看“词法或语法词法或语法”：冠词冠词the,a,an的误用；非谓语动词的误用；连接词的误用；的误用；非谓语动词的误用；连接词的误用；形容词与副词的误用；时态与语态使用不当；并列连词的误用；名词单复数的误形容词与副词的误用；时态与语态使用不当；并列连词的误用；名词单复数的误用等。用等。四看四看“逻辑逻辑”：并列句中的连词、主从复合句中的从属连词是否运用得当。并列句中的连词、主从复合句中的从属连词是否运用得当。四四 看：看：改动以最少为原则，改动以最少为原则，虚词以添加或删除为原则，虚词以添加或删除为原则，实词以改变词形为原则，实词以
5、改变词形为原则，以保持句子原意为原则。以保持句子原意为原则。四四 原则：原则：1.核对错误项时，若有一时难以判断的地方，可以参考所改核对错误项时，若有一时难以判断的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合动项是否基本符合1 1 8的比例，即多词一题，缺词一题，的比例，即多词一题，缺词一题，错词八题。错词八题。2.书写规范，格式正确，减少低级错误。书写规范，格式正确，减少低级错误。规范答题规范答题高考真题高考真题 评讲评讲（P138）(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.
6、I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders,so once I started the car,my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”I was so much nervou
7、s that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.so once I started the car,my mind goes blank.Step1.浏览文章浏览文章时态语态时态语态Main idea The passage mainly talks about the
8、authors _.experience of taking driving lessons.主要时态主要时态 一般过去时一般过去时 goes 改为改为went 小明出生于小明出生于21世纪五月世纪五月3日，明天是他日，明天是他15岁生日。岁生日。Step2.入手句子入手句子Sentence by sentence S1.In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.eighteen 改为改为 eighteenth 考点：考点：表达世纪、生日和日期，常用序数词。表达世纪、生日和日期，常用序
9、数词。Xiaoming was born on May 3rd in the 21st century,and it is his fifteenth birthday tomorrow.数词错误数词错误 行文逻辑错误行文逻辑错误Step2.入手句子入手句子Sentence by sentence S2.I still remember how hard first day was.first 前加前加the S3.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders,so once I start
10、ed the car,my mind goes blank.so 改为改为but/yet 冠词缺失冠词缺失Step2.入手句子入手句子Sentence by sentence S4.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.word 改为改为 words S5.The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”Turning 改为改为 Turn 名词词单复数名词词单复数动词形式动词形式Step2.入手句子入手句子Sentence by senten
11、ce S6.I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.去掉去掉 much late 改为改为later S7.A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car.代词多余代词多余形容词副词形容词副词Step2.入手句子入手句子Sentence by sentence S8.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.su
12、ddenly 改为改为 sudden on 改为改为 in 形容词副词误用形容词副词误用介词搭配介词搭配Step3.检查核对检查核对行文是否流畅，合乎逻辑；行文是否流畅，合乎逻辑；错误类型及数量是否合适；错误类型及数量是否合适；高考真题高考真题练习（练习（P138）(2017全国卷)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time,th
13、ey are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside,they often get some useful informations from the Internet.When summer came,they will invit
14、e their students pick the fresh vegetables!备备 考考 指指 导：导：1.1.多读多听多背诵，培养语感。多读多听多背诵，培养语感。2.2.在写作中，有意识地注意自己容易犯的错误，总结错在写作中，有意识地注意自己容易犯的错误，总结错误类型，加强写作训练，强化正确的语言意识，最终达误类型，加强写作训练，强化正确的语言意识，最终达到正确运用语言的目的。到正确运用语言的目的。3.3.多做高考真题专项限时训练。多做高考真题专项限时训练。Homework (2017全国卷全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself,I rea
15、lize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically,and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes,playing pop music,and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.（P138）