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1、中考英语阅读理解第1页，本讲稿共42页TeachingAimsandDemands:1.Knowledgeobjects:要求考生学会使用要求考生学会使用16001600左右的单词和约左右的单词和约左右的单词和约左右的单词和约300300条习惯用语和固定搭配。条习惯用语和固定搭配。条习惯用语和固定搭配。条习惯用语和固定搭配。TeachingFocus:Howtodoreadingcomprehensionfortest!第2页，本讲稿共42页 2.Abilityobjects 考生应能考生应能：（3 3）根据上下文和构词法猜测生词的含义；）根据上下文和构词法猜测生词的含义；）根据上下文和构词法
2、猜测生词的含义；）根据上下文和构词法猜测生词的含义；（4 4）推断作者的身份、意图和观点；）推断作者的身份、意图和观点；）推断作者的身份、意图和观点；）推断作者的身份、意图和观点；（5 5）预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；）预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；）预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；）预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；（6 6）根据要求从文章中摘录相关信息；）根据要求从文章中摘录相关信息；）根据要求从文章中摘录相关信息；）根据要求从文章中摘录相关信息；（7 7）根据阅读材料回答问题；）根据阅读材料回答问题；）根据阅读材料回答问题；）根据阅读材料回答问题；（1 1 1 1）理解主旨要义；）理
3、解主旨要义；）理解主旨要义；）理解主旨要义；（2 2）理解材料中的具体信息；理解材料中的具体信息；理解材料中的具体信息；理解材料中的具体信息；第3页，本讲稿共42页LearningStrategies1 自主学习法自主学习法 2 分析比较法分析比较法 3 3 合作学习法合作学习法 TeachingTime:Fourperiods第4页，本讲稿共42页1.Makingasurvey.2.Howtosolveit.3.AnalysisofreadingmaterialsinHSEE(中考中考).4.Typesofquestions.5.Readingprocedures.6.Readingmeth
4、ods.7.Payingattentiontothetime.TeachingProcedures第5页，本讲稿共42页 阅读能力是一项语言综合运用能力，主要包括理阅读能力是一项语言综合运用能力，主要包括理解程度和阅读速度。解程度和阅读速度。阅读能力是中考英语的测试重点，阅读理解题是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型，在娄底市中考试卷中占40分。因此培养学生阅读能力，提高学生的阅读技巧势在必行。养学生阅读能力，提高学生的阅读技巧势在必行。然而在我的教学过程中发现学生的阅读兴趣不高。下面是我对我所教班级的下面是我对我所教班级的120个学生进行的关于阅读个学生进行的关于阅读的问卷调查。（取100
5、份有效答卷）份有效答卷）第6页，本讲稿共42页 问问问问 题题题题A A人数人数B B人数人数1.1.1.1.你喜你喜你喜你喜欢欢欢欢做做做做阅读阅读阅读阅读理理理理解解解解吗吗吗吗？A A喜喜欢欢3535B B不喜不喜欢欢65655 5 5 5你你你你觉觉觉觉得得得得阅读阅读阅读阅读理解理解理解理解容易容易容易容易吗吗吗吗？A A容易容易2121B B B B难难难难79793.3.3.3.你你你你觉觉觉觉得怎得怎得怎得怎样样样样才能才能才能才能理解句子或文章？理解句子或文章？理解句子或文章？理解句子或文章？A.A.A.A.逐字逐字逐字逐字逐句逐句逐句逐句78B.B.可以可以用眼睛用眼睛 扫
6、读扫读222.2.2.2.你你你你觉觉觉觉得得得得阅读阅读阅读阅读是什是什是什是什么？么？么？么？A.A.A.A.出声出声出声出声阅读阅读阅读阅读54B.B.默默读读464 4 4 4你你你你认为认为认为认为影响影响影响影响阅读阅读阅读阅读的主要原因是什么的主要原因是什么的主要原因是什么的主要原因是什么？A.A.A.A.生生生生词词词词6060B.B.语语法和法和句子句子结结构构406 6 6 6在在在在阅读时阅读时阅读时阅读时你是否你是否你是否你是否会判断文章体裁？会判断文章体裁？会判断文章体裁？会判断文章体裁？A会20B B不会不会80第7页，本讲稿共42页Misunderstanding
7、s:误区一：重字词轻误区一：重字词轻语篇语篇误区二：重兴趣轻误区二：重兴趣轻学习学习 误区三：重听说轻误区三：重听说轻读写读写误区四：重朗读轻误区四：重朗读轻默读默读 第8页，本讲稿共42页psychologicaltactics(心理战术心理战术)：Youcandoit!Beconfident!Reason:Theanswersareinthepassages.Theonlythingyoushoulddoisfind.Methods:Howtofind!第9页，本讲稿共42页1.Behappy!2.Becareful!3.Bequick!4.Usethecorrectways!Agoodb
8、eginningisthehalfofsuccess!第10页，本讲稿共42页Pre-teaching:Analysisoftheteachingmaterials:考点分析考点分析中考选择型阅读理解的材料及出题模式分析：中考选择型阅读理解的材料及出题模式分析：近几年我市中考的选择型阅读理解材料一般近几年我市中考的选择型阅读理解材料一般可分为故事类，科普类，图表类等文章。试题涉及掌握可分为故事类，科普类，图表类等文章。试题涉及掌握事实细节、语篇主旨、推理判断等多方面的阅读能力事实细节、语篇主旨、推理判断等多方面的阅读能力的考查。下表是近几年来中考选择型阅读理解的一些的考查。下表是近几年来中考选
9、择型阅读理解的一些详细数据：详细数据：第11页，本讲稿共42页年份年份200820082009200920102010总分值总分值303030303030故事类故事类202010101010科普类科普类10101010图标类图标类101010101010事实细节事实细节 202014141414语篇主旨语篇主旨 6 64 4推理判断推理判断 4 416161212阅读材料阅读材料试题考查试题考查出题方式出题方式单项选择单项选择判断题判断题(是否与原文内容符合是否与原文内容符合)知己知彼，知己知彼，百战百胜！百战百胜！第12页，本讲稿共42页1.Mainidea 2.Newwords 3.Det
10、ails 4.Inferring一一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：第13页，本讲稿共42页1 1、快速浏览。、快速浏览。2 2、带着问题，找答案。、带着问题，找答案。（找出处、划线）（找出处、划线）3 3、仔细斟酌不确定的答案。、仔细斟酌不确定的答案。4 4、核对。（总体把握）、核对。（总体把握）阅读理解答题阅读理解答题步骤步骤 如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？可以采取以下如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤：几种应试技巧和解题步骤：注意：注意：先看试题先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章然后带着问题再看文章.第14页，本讲稿共42页阅读基本技能阅读基本技能 1
11、 1 略读略读skimming（适用于判断短文（适用于判断短文 主旨大意及中心思想）主旨大意及中心思想）2 2 扫读扫读scanning(适用于细节搜索、适用于细节搜索、捕捉、提取及理解捕捉、提取及理解)3 3 细读细读 （适用于推理判断、（适用于推理判断、揣摩、理解作者意图）揣摩、理解作者意图）(五个五个W,who,what,when,where,why)第15页，本讲稿共42页注意：注意：在实际教学中，广大教师采用灵活、多样在实际教学中，广大教师采用灵活、多样的训练方法。的训练方法。信息提示法：信息提示法：迎考前，迎考前，以大量练习为证，以大量练习为证，让学生深信出题人总会给出让学生深信出
12、题人总会给出足够的信息提示足够的信息提示。所以要求学生又所以要求学生又快快又又准准地找出答案。地找出答案。Be happy!Be quick!Be careful!Use the correct way!第16页，本讲稿共42页常用提问方式：常用提问方式：Accordingto(根据根据)thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(标题标题)ofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?
13、一一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：1.归纳主旨句归纳主旨句(main idea)第17页，本讲稿共42页Howtofindthemainidea:1.Itsusuallyatthebeginningortheend2.ofthearticle.2.Sometimes,youmayfindoutthekeysentencesofeachparagraph,thensumthemup.3.Maybeyouhavetoinferthemainidea4.accordingtothewritersideas.Methods:skimming（略读）（略读）第18页，本讲稿共42页M
14、ySpringFestivalisspecial.My uncle and my aunt came back from Shanghai.And it was the most exciting festival of all the festivals.On New Years Eve,my father and my uncle talked about We all thought the dumplings were delicious.On the first day of the New Year,we visited our relatives.It was more aliv
15、e than any other time of a year.On the second and the third days,we spent a wonderful weekend We all enjoyed ourselves.Itsabout_（从第一句话得知）（从第一句话得知）C.thewritersspecialSpringFestival.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?略读略读第19页，本讲稿共42页 AppletreesweregrownandprizedfortheirfruitbythepeopleofancientRome.It is be
16、lieved that the Romans took apples with them to England Apple trees were planted all over England and many other parts of Europe.BoththeseedsofapplesandtheappletreeswerebroughttoAmericafromEngland,As time passed,American apple growers made and improved many new kinds of apples.TodaytheUSisoneofthebi
17、ggestapple-growingcountriesintheworld.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?Itsabout_（从每段的中心句得知）（从每段的中心句得知）D.thehistoryofapplesinthe U.S.略读略读第20页，本讲稿共42页 HowtoguessthenewwordsNext,wecanguessitaccordingtothekeywordsinthecontext.First,wemustmakesuretherightpartofspeech(词性词性).Secondly,wecanguessitaccordingtowor
18、dbuilding.第21页，本讲稿共42页The ways of guessing the new words in context:第22页，本讲稿共42页A.利用构词法进行猜测利用构词法进行猜测1.1.根据单词的前缀根据单词的前缀根据单词的前缀根据单词的前缀(prefix)与后缀与后缀与后缀与后缀(suffix)进行猜词。进行猜词。进行猜词。进行猜词。Affix:prefix(un-,dis-,in-im-,non-,re-,tele-,inter-,mini-,mal-,en-)suffix(-er,-ist,-ment,-tion-ness,-ism,-en,-ful,-less,-
19、able,)2.2.根据根据“合成词合成词”(Synthesize)猜测。猜测。如如 class+roomclassroomtooth+brushtoothbrush3.词性的改变（词性的改变（Change）:n.-v.(name,water)v.-n.(call，meet)第23页，本讲稿共42页Wecanguessitaccordingtothekeywordsinthecontext.1.Relations：and,or,like,because,so that,sothat,so,for,since,now that 2.Comparing:but,yet,however,while,
20、unlike,instead of,on the other hand 3.Explaining:that is(to say),for example,in other words,called,meaning,namely B.根据上下文猜测根据上下文猜测第24页，本讲稿共42页Its really cold outside,and my hands are both numb.4.Accordingtolivingknowledgeandcommonsense(麻木的麻木的)5.AccordingtothecontextAndtheyoftenmakeaspecialkindoffood
21、-“dumplings”.Itmeans“cometogether”29.Whatsthemeaningofthefood“dumplings”forChinesepeopleintheSpringFestival?(09年娄底市中考真题年娄底市中考真题B篇篇)A.Lookup.B.Helpyourself.C.Cometogether.第25页，本讲稿共42页4.Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.Exerc
22、ises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.1.Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.5.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.(富裕的，有钱的）富裕的，有钱的）(现实现实)3.Mymother-in-law,myhusbandsmother,wasateacher.(婆婆婆婆)(无家可归的）无家可归的）2.NowsomegirlsinChinaarehavingplasticsurgerytochangethewaytheylook.(美容美容手术手术)第26页，本讲稿共42页 Howshouldweu
23、nderstandthedetails?第27页，本讲稿共42页 How to understand details 1.We must read the questions carefully,catch the key words and see if there are these words:not,never,except,instead,false,but,because,when,where,all of the above,by2.We may find the details in the article easily and quickly.3.We have to fin
24、d out the similar or opposite words,but we must admire the article itself.扫读扫读第28页，本讲稿共42页 1 把握文章事实、查找细节型；把握文章事实、查找细节型；把握文章事实、查找细节型；把握文章事实、查找细节型；1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthattheassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarest
25、aurant.A(符合题义符合题义)B(不符合题义不符合题义)scanning第29页，本讲稿共42页2.Inthepast,therewereforestsallaroundLakePonkapog,sorainwaterwasclean.Q:Inthepast,LakePonkapogwassurrounded(环环绕绕)by_.A.fishB.rainC.birdsD.forestsDscanning第30页，本讲稿共42页Letstakeanexamplefordetails:2009年湖南省娄底市中考试题中年湖南省娄底市中考试题中的阅读的阅读B篇篇 细节题（细节题（scanning）
26、第31页，本讲稿共42页Every year there is a Spring Festival in China.Usually it is in January or February.It is the most important festival in China.So before it comes,everyone has toprepare things.They buy pork,beef,chicken,fruits and many other things.And they often make a special kindof food“dumplings”.It
27、means“come together”.On theday before the festival,parents buy new clothes for their children.Children also buy presents for their parents.Onthe Spring Festival Eve（除夕）,all the family memberscome back to their hometown.This is a happy moment.Some sing and dance,some play cards and others get the din
28、ner ready.When they enjoy the meal,they give each other the best wishes for the coming year.They all have a good time.第32页，本讲稿共42页26.WhichisthemostimportantfestivalinChina?A.TheMidAutumnFestival.B.TheSpringFestival.C.ChildrensDay.27.WhenistheChineseSpringFestivalusuallycelebrated?A.InMarchorApril.B.
29、InMayorJune.C.InJanuaryorFebruary.28._isthespecialkindoffoodfortheSpringFestivalinChina.A.ChickenB.DumplingC.Fish29.Whatsthemeaningofthefood“dumplings”forChinesepeopleintheSpringFestival?A.Lookup.B.Helpyourself.C.Cometogether.30.ThefamilywhentheyarehavingdinnertogetherontheSpringFestivalEve.A.giveea
30、chotherthebestwishesB.buyeachotherpresentsC.sing，danceandplaycards第33页，本讲稿共42页总结总结:细节题是阅读理解中细节题是阅读理解中占分值占分值最多最多,并且并且最容易最容易的一个环节的一个环节.只要我们用只要我们用快快、准准的方法的方法答案就立马能得到！答案就立马能得到！第34页，本讲稿共42页Howtojudgeandinfer1.Wemusttrytounderstandthewholepassagefirst.2.Wemayinfersomethingaccordingtothefacts,backgroundand
31、commonsense.3.Wehavetonoticetheothermeaningsofthewords.4.Ourinferringmustgobacktothearticle.细读细读第35页，本讲稿共42页It was a cold night.The taxi driver didnt take“To the Red Hotel，”give him only three dollars“You should pay me fifteen dollars,”“Do you think Im a fool?”I took a taxi I only gave the driver th
32、irteen dollars.（根据上下文和常识推断）（根据上下文和常识推断）判断正误题：判断正误题：23.The young man was cheated（骗）.（A 符合）24.The two taxi drivers were both honest.(B 不符合)25.Maybe the taxi driver got thirteen dollars at last.(A)20092009年娄底市中考真题阅读理解年娄底市中考真题阅读理解A A篇篇细读细读第36页，本讲稿共42页2007年娄底市中考真题年娄底市中考真题A篇篇Yesterday my friend Kyra invit
33、ed me to his birthday party.I got dressedUnluckily,while I,my cat walked over my clean skirt,As I was,snowing.I missed my trainI was so tired I fell asleep and missed my station.At this time I was lost,When Ifinally arrived at Kyras house,it was nearly midnight What a terrible evening!(根据细节和单词根据细节和单
34、词)45.The writer must feel _that evening.A.excited B.very lucky C.very sad细读细读第37页，本讲稿共42页 Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning空调空调at26,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours千瓦时千瓦时ofelectricityinonesummer.Thatsone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,”saidaTVadvertisement.（根据计算判断）（根据计算判断）Beijingwill
35、use_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400A细读细读第38页，本讲稿共42页(2010年长沙中考题年长沙中考题)Taobao,Chinaslargestonlineshoppingsite（网上购物网站）（网上购物网站）,hasbecomeanimportantpartofWangLinslife.Agrowing.MostonlineshoppersarestudentsoryoungworkersClothingandhome-useproducts（产品）（产品）arethemostpopularonl
36、ine.Itwasreportedthatmorethan250billion（十亿）（十亿）yuanwasspentononlineshoppinglastyear,.Youmayquestionthesecurityofonlineshopping,WangLinsaid,“”Itsverysafeandconvenient(便利的便利的)第39页，本讲稿共42页51.Whatarethemostpopularonline?A.CandlesandDVDplayersB.Clothesandbooks.C.Clothingandhome-useproducts.52.Taobaois_.A
37、.ashoppingmallB.anonlineshopperC.anonlineshoppingsite53.Mostonlineshoppersare_.A.youngB.oldC.babies54.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“security”mean?A质量质量B安全安全C信誉信誉55.Whichisthebesttitle（标题）（标题）ofthepassage?A.WangLinslife.B.OnlineshoppinginChina.C.Shoppingonlineisnotsafe.细节题细节题细节题细节题细节题细节题单词题单词题主旨题主旨题第40页，本讲稿共42页Wishyousuccess!Thisisallmypresentationtoday!第41页，本讲稿共42页第42页，本讲稿共42页