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1、BYG.ZB3U1 Reading2021Language PointsU Us se ef fu ul l E Ex xp pr re es ss si io on ns sI In ns st ta an nt t F Fe ee ed db ba ac ck kW Wo or rd ds s&P Ph hr ra as se es sS Se en nt te en nc ce es s3421CONTENTSCONTENTS3Useful Expressions014UsefulExpressions1._n.大陆，陆地；洲2._n.种；物种3._prep.在下面，在下方；配不上4._
2、n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的5._adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的6._n.营养素，营养物7._adv.因此，从而；这样8._n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&vt.有影响；冲击9._vt.&n.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害10._n.气候；倾向，风气continentspeciesbeneathmasstoweringnutrientthusimpactdamageclimate5UsefulExpressions11._n.&vt.伤害，损害_adj.有害的_adj.无害的12._n.地区，区域；行政区_adj.地区的13._n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长_ad
3、j.长的14._n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体_v.变_adj.各种各样的15._adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n.生计，谋生；生活方式_v.活着_adj.活泼的harmharmfulharmlessregionregionallengthlongvarietyvaryvariouslivinglivelively6UsefulExpressions16._vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难_n.幸存17._vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪_n.消失_vi.出现18._n.农业，农学_adj.农业的19._n.灭绝，绝种_adj.灭绝的，绝种的survivesurvivaldi
4、sappeardisappearanceappearagricultureagriculturalextinctionextinct7UsefulExpressions1._相应地，转而2._使分解(为)，使变化(成)3._给带来起色，注入活力4._由于，因为5._逐渐增加，扩大6._砍倒7._至少8._处于的危险中inturnbreakdownbreathelifeintoduetobuildupcutdownatleastindangerof8UsefulExpressions9._自然奇观10._充满.11._是.的家园/栖息地12._各种各样的13._从判断14._大片的，成片的15.
5、_在起作用16._保持.的平衡17._在长度上naturalwonderbefullofbehometoawiderangeofjudgefromaseaofplayaroleindoingsthmaintainthebalanceofsthinlength9Words&Phrases0210(1)doharmto(1)doharmto.对对有害有害causeharmto.causeharmto.对对造成危害造成危害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事并无害处。做某事并无害处。(2)harmful(2)harmfuladj.ad
6、j.有害的有害的beharmfulto.beharmfulto.对对有害有害(3)harmless(3)harmlessadj.adj.无害的无害的Words&PhrasesThe human race has done much harm.n.&vt.伤害，损害伤害，损害Some modern farming methods have done great harm _ the soil.There is no harm in _(live)in that region for a long time.The scientist said that this kind of air is _
7、(harm).这位科学家说，这种空气是无害的。totolivinglivingharmlessharmless11harm,wound,damage,hurt,injureharm,wound,damage,hurt,injure Ididnt_yourprideonpurpose.Ididnt_yourprideonpurpose.Whatkindofpersonwould_aninnocentchild?Whatkindofpersonwould_aninnocentchild?Mygrandfatherwas_inthewar.Mygrandfatherwas_inthewar.Thre
8、epeoplehavebeenseriously_inaroadtrafficThreepeoplehavebeenseriously_inaroadtrafficaccident.accident.Jacksondoesntwantto_hisreputation.Jacksondoesntwantto_hisreputation.Words&PhrasesThe human race has done much harm.n.&vt.伤害，损害伤害，损害在满是雾霾的空气中行走对我们很有害。Walking in the air full of haze _ us.(harm)Walking
9、in the air full of haze _ us.(harmful)does harm todoes harm tois harmful tois harmful tohurthurtharmharmwoundedwoundedinjuredinjureddamagedamage12(1)avarietyof/varietiesof(1)avarietyof/varietiesof各种各样的各种各样的(2)various(2)variousadj.adj.各种各样的；不同的各种各样的；不同的(3)vary(3)varyv.v.改变；变化改变；变化varyfrom.to.varyfrom
10、.to.由由到到不等不等Words&PhrasesThe forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体They discussed _(vary)matters all over the world.Opinions on this matter _.对于这件事，每个人意见不一。variousvariousvary from person to personvary from person to personA variety o
11、f nuts _(be)on sale in that shop.The variety of nuts on sale in that shop _(be)surprising.a variety of 各种各样的，修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式各种各样的，修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用复数形式the variety of(的种类的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式 areareis is13(1)amass/massesof(1)amass/massesof大量大量(2)themassof(2)themassof大多数大多数(3)massive(3)
12、massiveadj.adj.非常大的；巨大的非常大的；巨大的Words&PhrasesAbove that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群；群众；大众大量；团，块，堆；一大群；群众；大众 adj.大批的，广泛的大批的，广泛的The mass of people in that region _(be)fond of peace.There _(be)masses of dark clouds in the sky today.I think thats going to be a _(mas
13、s)thing，at least here in New York.(2020全国)the mass of名词名词 作主语，后面的谓语动词与作主语，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。后面的名词保持数的一致。a mass/masses of名词名词 作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。的数一致。a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。arearearearemassivemassive14(1)survivesth.(1)survivesth.幸免于；从幸免于；从活过来活过
14、来surviveonsurviveon依靠依靠生活生活survivesb.by.survivesb.by.比某人多活比某人多活(2)survival(2)survivaln.n.生存；幸存生存；幸存(3)survivor(3)survivorn.n.生还者，幸存者生还者，幸存者Words&Phrases jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this food chain.vi.生存，存活生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难幸存，幸免于难How do you survive _ such a low salary?你是如何靠这么低的工资
15、维持生计的？The old woman survived her husband _ ten years.老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。They will hold a party to celebrate his _(survive).ononbybysurvivalsurvival不能说不能说survive from/after/in the earthquake。15turnaroundturnaroundturndownturndownturnintoturnintoturnoffturnoffturnoutturnoutturnoverturnover移交移交;翻过来翻过来;仔细考虑仔细
16、考虑;翻身翻身turnupturnup开大开大;出现出现;来到来到;找到找到Words&PhrasesThese frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.相应地，转而；轮流，依次相应地，转而；轮流，依次The patients will be examined by the old doctor _ tomorrow.明天老医生会依次给这些病人检查身体。The party turned _ to be very successful.When he turned _，he found a beggar standing
17、there.He turned _ such a wonderful job，which made me surprised.in turnin turnoutoutaroundarounddowndown16(1)On my way to the region，my car broke down.(2)Talks between the two sides have broken down.(3)Each lesson is broken down into several units.(4)The“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help break down the invi
18、sible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.(2020天津)(5)He broke down as he thought of his failure.Words&Phrases a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body 相应地，转而；轮流，依次相应地，转而；轮流，依次(谈判等谈判等)失败失败出故障出故障把把分成若干部分分成若干部分打破打破情不自禁地哭起来情不自禁地哭起来17Words&Phrases a tiny army of microorganis
19、ms helps break down its body 相应地，转而；轮流，依次相应地，转而；轮流，依次breakupbreakup打碎；分裂，解体；结束；打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等关系等)破裂破裂breakaway(fromsb./sth.)breakaway(fromsb./sth.)突然离开；脱离突然离开；脱离breakintobreakinto破门而入；闯入破门而入；闯入breakoutbreakout(战争、火灾等战争、火灾等)爆发爆发The police came running and broke _ the crowd.He decided to break away
20、_ home after graduation.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks _?Someone broke _ my house and stole some money.upupfromfromoutoutintointo18Words&Phrases.has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.由于，因为由于，因为(1)beduetodosth.(1)beduetodosth.预期做某事预期做某事beduetos
21、b.beduetosb.应支付应支付/归于某人归于某人(2)(2)表示表示“由于，因为由于，因为”的短语还有：的短语还有：becauseofbecauseof，owingtoowingto，thankstothanksto，onaccountofonaccountof等。等。The bands first album is due _(come)out later this month.Have they been paid the money that is due _ them?他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？Thanks _ his timely help，many villagers sur
22、vived the disaster.多亏了他及时的帮助，很多村民才从那场灾难中活了下来。to cometo cometotototo19Words&Phrases.the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer.处于处于的危险中的危险中inneedofinneedofincaseofincaseofinplaceofinplaceofinspiteofinspiteofinadvanceofinadvanceofinfavorofinfavorofinchargeofinchargeofinmemoryofinmemory
23、ofIt is said the new school is _ skilled teachers.Remember to press the red button _ a fire.The young man will be _ Mr.Liu tomorrow._ so many difficulties，the girl will have a try.in need ofin need ofin case ofin case ofin place ofin place ofIn spite ofIn spite of20Words&Phrases.can we afford to dam
24、age the“lungs of the planet”？vt.&n.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害损坏，破坏；损害，伤害do/causedamageto.do/causedamageto.对对造成损害造成损害damageoneshealthdamageoneshealth损害某人的健康损害某人的健康The damage which was caused by the earthquake was very serious.(用非谓语动词改写)The damage _ was very serious.caused by the earthquakecaused by the earthquake21
25、Sentences0322SentencesThe Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6，400 kilometers in length.fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsnamefromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname是是“介词介词which”which”引导的定语从句，修饰引导的定语从句，修饰TheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiver。“介词关系代词介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导
26、非限制性定语从句，不能用限制性定语从句，不能用thatthat代替代替whichwhich。类似的结构：类似的结构：“介词介词whom”whom”引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是人。人。介词的确定根据以下方面来选择：介词的确定根据以下方面来选择：(1)(1)根据句意确定介词；根据句意确定介词；(2)(2)定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配；定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配；(3)(3)表示所属关系或者表示表示所属关系或者表示“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”都用都用ofof。23SentencesThe Amazon River，from which the r
27、ainforest gets its name，is about 6，400 kilometers in length.(1)I bought many books about climate，on which I spent all my money that I saved.(2)The school _ which he once studied is very famous.他以前上学的学校非常有名。(3)I dont know the person _ whom you talked just now.我不认识你刚才谈论到的那个人。(4)The reason _ which he l
28、eft the band was that he hated the busy life.他离开乐队的原因是他讨厌忙碌的生活。(5)We had bought an old map _ which we would have lost our way.我们买了一张旧地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。spentin inaboutaboutforforwithoutwithoutstudiedtalkedreason没有would have lost our way24SentencesOf the 390，000 plant species known to man，more than 40，00
29、0 can be found in the Amazon.过去分词短语过去分词短语knowntomanknowntoman在句中作定语，修饰在句中作定语，修饰plantsplants。过去分词短语作定语表示过去分词短语作定语表示“被动含义被动含义”，必须后置，相当于一个，必须后置，相当于一个定语从句；单个的过去分词作定语，常位于被修饰词之前，表示定语从句；单个的过去分词作定语，常位于被修饰词之前，表示“被动或完成被动或完成”。I have something important to say.Can those _(seat)at the back hear me?The person _(q
30、uestion)by the police gave a detailed description.高级表达高级表达The building which was completed three years ago is now in bad condition.The building _ is now in bad condition.seatedseatedquestionedquestionedcompleted three years agocompleted three years ago25SentencesAbove that is the mass of leaf litter
31、 on the dark forest floor.Abovethatisthemassofleaflitter.Abovethatisthemassofleaflitter.是倒装结构。正常语序为：是倒装结构。正常语序为：Themassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloorisabovethat.Themassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloorisabovethat.有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将用作地点状语有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将用作地点状语的介词短语置于句首，此时句中主语和谓语完全倒装。这类句子所的
32、介词短语置于句首，此时句中主语和谓语完全倒装。这类句子所涉及的动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词涉及的动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词(如如crouchcrouch，hanghang，lielie，sitsit，standstand等等)和表示行动的不及物动词和表示行动的不及物动词(如如comecome，diedie，gogo，runrun，livelive，riserise等等)。26SentencesAbove that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(1)Among the students was an old pro
33、fessor studying wildlife.在学生们当中有一位研究野生动物的老教授。(2)All of a sudden，over the wall _(come)a shower of stones.突然，一阵石块从墙后倾泻而出。(3)_ pipes for gas and water.在马路下面铺着煤气管道和自来水管道。(4)_ two old paintings.在后墙上挂着两幅古画。camecameUnder the road runUnder the road runOn the back wall hangOn the back wall hang27Instant Feed
34、back0328达 标 检 测1.The young man was forced to leave the company due _ this mistake.2.We decided to hold a party in celebration of his _(survive).3.In fact，the young volunteers have breathed life_ the old club.4.As we all know，Chinese food is famous for its wide _(vary).5.How many factory workers are
35、_ danger of losing their jobs now?6.It is obvious that the polluted air in this region is _(harm)to our health.7.The villagers were mending the roof _(damage)by the strong wind.8.He was surprised at the _(disappear)of many species of plants from our planet.totosurvivalsurvivalintointovarietyvarietyi
36、n inharmfulharmfuldamageddamageddisappearancedisappearance29达 标 检 测9.Among the people _.在那些人当中有一些对农业感兴趣的学生。10.He was observing the insects _ at the time.当时他正在观察被那种液体杀死的昆虫。11.Tom is a hardworking student，_.汤姆是个学习刻苦的学生，他的父母为他感到自豪。12._ your name in the form.在表格里写下你的名字并无害处。13.The young boy does some jog
37、ging _ every day.那个年轻男孩每天慢跑来增强体质。killed by the liquidkilled by the liquidof whom his parents are proudof whom his parents are proudThere is no harm in writing downThere is no harm in writing downto build up his bodyto build up his bodywere some students interested in agriculturewere some students interested in agriculture30THE END.2021