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1、1SectionSection LanguageLanguage Points()Points()( ( LessonLesson 2 2 & & LessonLesson 3)3)语 言 基 础 自 测.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1 1Vietnam made an official request(请求)that the meeting be postponed.2 2I can say，with absolute truthfulness，that I did not injure(伤害)her.3 3His manners(礼貌)had always made her
2、blind to his faults.4 4Parents told us that we would study from others in a modest(谦虚的) attitude.5 5Test results indicate(表明) that the calculation and analysis are right.6 6Your name is familiar to me.7 7He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital.8 8On this account we should be more cautious on t
3、his voyage.9 9Tamara stared at him in disbelief，shaking her head.1010Youll have to whisper or hell hear you.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1 1indicate vt.表明；表示indicative adj.表示的，指示的indicator n指示者，指示器，指示物2 2curiously adv.奇怪地；好奇地curious adj.好奇的，想知道的curiosity n好奇心，求知欲3 3injure vt.伤害injury n伤害4 4arrival n到达，抵达arri
4、ve v到达5 5cautious adj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的caution n小心，谨慎寻规律、巧记忆以(i)ous 结尾的adj.以ive 结尾的adj.2serious 严肃的dangerous 危险的previous 先前的creative 创造性的attractive 吸引人的active 积极的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1 1with caution 小心翼翼地2 2break into 闯入，破门而入；突然起来3 3in all aspects 在各个方面4 4give.a lift 让搭车5 5compare.with/to. 把与作比较6 6drop off 让下车；打盹
5、儿7 7insist on 坚持8 8catch up with 追赶9 9stare at 凝视1010see. off 给(某人)送行.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1 1Ill have transportation problem to go to work，can you give me a lift?2 2Please call me and Ill see you off3 3Do you want me to drop you off at this sidewalk?4 4Theres still time to catch up with them.5 5She lay
6、 back and stared at the ceiling.寻规律、巧记忆dropadv./prep.动词短语breakadv./prep.动词短语drop away 减少drop out 退出drop behind 落后break down 出毛病；毁掉break out 突然爆发break through 突破.经典句式仿写3背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1 1.When I first arrived in San Francisco，I I hadhad a a difficultdifficult timetime understandingunderstanding certa
7、in aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山时，有一段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。have a difficult time (in) doing sth.“做某事时有段困难的时间，做某事有困难” 。他的家人目前在互相理解方面有困难。His family are having a difficult time (in) understanding each other.2 2.I I waswas enjoyingenjoying my dessert and talkingtalking to my American f
8、riend Janice at the table whenwhen I noticed people staring at us.我和我的美国朋友贾尼丝正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然我发现人们在注视着我们。was/were doing.when.意为“正在做这时突然” 。我正在看神舟十一号升空，这时突然有人敲门。I was watching Shenzhou fly into space when someone knocked at the door.3 3.I had a similar experience thethe lastlast timetime I visited Chin
9、a.在上次访问中国时我有一次差不多的经历。名词短语 the last time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。上次我见到他时，他谨慎多了。He was more cautious the last time I saw him.核 心 要 点 探 究mannersmanners n n礼貌4(教材 P38)Mind Your MannersManners 注意你的礼貌(1)good manners 有礼貌bad manners 没礼貌 (2)manner n. 方式，方法；态度；举止；礼貌(pl.)in a .manner 用的方式/态度Her children all had such good
10、good mannersmanners.她的孩子们都这样彬彬有礼。Its bad manners(manner) to stare at people.盯着别人看不礼貌。She greeted me in a friendly manner.她很友好地和我打招呼。名师点津 “方式，方法”的不同manner 作“方式，方法”讲时只有单数形式，不用复数形式，表示复数形式的“方式，方法”用 ways，通常不说 these manners，而说 these ways。 “用这种方式”可以用 in this way/in this manner/by this means/with this metho
11、d 来表示。requestrequest n n请求；要求(教材 P39)to make a requestrequest to someone you dont know very well 向一个你不是很熟悉的人作出请求(1)make a request for. 请求/要求at ones request/at the request of sb.应某人的要求(2)request vt. 请求，要求request sth.of/from sb. 要求某人某事request sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事request that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某
12、事(从句用虚拟语气)It is requested that.(should)do sth.据要求We should makemake a a requestrequest forfor help.我们应该请求支援。He came to help me at my request.他应我的请求前来帮忙。I made a request that the students (should)be prepared(prepare)for the 5exam.我要求学生对考试做好准备。We have requested that the work (should)be finished(finish
13、) at once.我们要求立刻完成这项工作。名师点津 request 用作名词后跟同位语从句和用作动词后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词都用“(should)动词原形”的形式。dropdrop offoff 让下车；把放下；顺便把送至某处；打盹儿；(水平)下降，(数量)减少(教材 P39)Do you think you could dropdrop me offoff at the mailbox?您能让我在邮箱附近下车吗？写出下列句中 drop off 的含义She usually dropsdrops the kids offoff at school on her way to work.
14、让下车She droppeddropped offoff during the English class.打盹Traffic in the town has droppeddropped offoff since the bypass(旁道) opened.减少drop back 落后drop behind 落后；落在后面drop in (on sb.) 拜访(某人)drop out (of sth.) 不再参加，退出；辍学He has dropped out of active politics.他已不再积极参政了。The Smiths dropped in on some old fri
15、ends on their vacation trip to New York.史密斯一家去纽约度假时顺道拜访了一些老朋友。语境助记 A student of mine droppeddropped outout ofof school because he droppeddropped behindbehind other students.When the storm droppeddropped awayaway，I took a bus to dropdrop inin onon him，but on the way I droppeddropped offoff.我的一个学生因为落后
16、其他同学辍学了。当风暴减弱时，我乘公共汽车去拜访他，但在路上我打盹了。familiarfamiliar adjadj. .熟悉的，常见的6(教材 P40)Jin Li found the American way of life familiarfamiliar soon after her arrivalarrival in the USA.金丽到美国后不久，她觉得美国的生活方式很熟悉。sb.be familiar with sth.某人对某物熟悉；某人通晓某物sth.be familiar to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉I waswas so familiarfamiliar withwi
17、th him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone.我对他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago.这个词对几十年前的人来说并不熟悉。名师点津 (1)be familiar with 意思为“对熟悉的；对知晓的” ，其主语通常是指“人”的名词或代词，with 后的宾语是主语所知晓的事物。(2)be familiar to 意思为“为某人所熟悉的” ，其主语通常是人们所知晓的事物，to后的宾语常
18、是指“人”的名词或代词。(教材 P40)WhenWhen I I firstfirst arrivedarrived inin SanSan FranciscoFrancisco，I I hadhad a a difficultdifficult timetime understandingunderstanding certaincertain aspectsaspects ofof thethe AmericanAmerican wayway ofof doingdoing things.things.刚到旧金山时，有一段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。【要点提炼】 句中 have
19、 a difficult time (in)doing sth.表示“做某事时有段困难的时间，做某事有困难” 。(1)“做某事有困难”的表达方式：have a hard/difficult time (in)doing sth.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing/with sth.have a problem/problems (in) doing/with sth.(2)waste time (in)doing sth. 浪费时间做某事spend time (in)doing sth. 花费时间做某事have a good time (in) doing s
20、th. 做某事愉快I havehave somesome difficultydifficulty (inin)talking with the foreigner.我与这位外国人交谈有些困难。Little Frank wastedwasted a a lotlot ofof timetime playingplaying in the woods.小弗兰克浪费了很多时间在树林中玩。Mary had difficulty/trouble with her work for the examinations，but her teacher pulled her through.玛丽在准备考试中遇
21、到了困难，但她的老师帮她渡过了难关。7You cant imagine the difficulty/trouble we had getting (get) in touch with him.你无法想象我们与他取得联系有多困难。名师点津 (1)difficulty/trouble 前可以用 great，much，little，no 等词修饰。(2)在考查句型 have difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.时，常把difficulty/trouble 提前作为主句中的先行词，并省略介词 in，定语从句中谓语成为have doing 形式。cautiouscaut
22、ious adjadj. .小心翼翼的，谨慎的(教材 P40)Ive always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant Ive been much more cautiouscautious.我一直是一个外向的人，但是自从在纽约的一家饭店有过一次尴尬的经历后，我就比较小心了。(1)be cautious of/about/with sth.对谨慎的，小心的be cautious not to do sth. 小心不做某事(2)cautiously adv. 谨慎地；小心地(3)c
23、aution n. 小心，谨慎with caution 小心翼翼地He drove his car withwith cautioncaution.他小心翼翼地驾车。She is very cautious of hurting his feelings.她小心翼翼的，以免伤害他的感情。The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated cautiously(caution)护士被告知这个病人需要谨慎地对待。(教材 P40)I I waswas enjoyingenjoying mymy dessertdessert andand
24、talkingtalking toto mymy AmericanAmerican friendfriend JaniceJanice atat thethe tabletable whenwhen I I noticednoticed peoplepeople staringstaring atat us.us.我和我的美国朋友詹尼斯正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然发现人们在注视着我们。(1)【要点提炼】 when 在此处为并列连词，意为“这时” ，相当于 and then，and just then 或 and at that time。when 意为“这时”时常用的四个句型：(1)sb.w
25、as doing.when.某人正在做这时8(2)sb.was about to do.when.某人即将做这时(3)sb.had just done.when.某人刚做完这时(4)sb.be on the point of doing.when.某人正要做这时I waswas aboutabout toto gogo out whenwhen he called on me.当他来造访时我正要外出。I had just finished(finish) my homework when my mother asked me to play the piano.我刚刚做完作业妈妈就让我练琴。I
26、 was on the point of leaving(leave) office when a student came in.我刚要离开办公室，这时一个学生进来了。(2)starestare vivi. .盯着看，凝视stare at sb./sth. 盯着某人/某物；凝视stare into the sky/distance 凝视天空/远方The little child stared at the toys in the shopwindow.那个小孩盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。明辨异同 starestare at/gazeat/gaze at/glareat/glare at/glanc
27、eat/glance atatstare at意为“盯，凝视” ，指出于好奇、惊讶等原因长时间睁大眼直接注视，常含粗鲁无礼之意gaze at意为“凝视” ，语义较 stare 轻，指出于好奇或惊讶而深情地长时间看glare at指“怒目而视” ，出于气愤或敌意glance at意为“一瞥” ，指匆忙中迅速看一眼用 stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance at 的适当形式填空She glanced at her watch and left.He glared at me like a bull at a red rag.Raise your head and gaze
28、 at the stars，and you will find something romantic going on in the sky.Its impolite to stare at a girl.whisperwhisper vivi.&.& vtvt. .低语，耳语n n. .C C低语(教材 P40)I I whisperedwhispered for the rest of the evening.那天晚上其余的时间，我一直小声说话。9(1)in a whisper/in whispers 小声地，低声地(2)whisper(sth.)to sb. 向某人低语(某事)whisp
29、er sth.in ones ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事It is/was whispered that. 据传闻They sat at the back of the room，talking inin a a whisper/inwhisper/in whisperswhispers.他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。In order not to let the others hear what he said，he whispered the news to me.为了不让他人听到他说的，他低声把消息告诉我。It is whispered(whisper)that he is heavil
30、y in debt.据传闻他负债累累。语境助记 I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other inin a a whisperwhisper.Suddenly Jenny leaned and whisperedwhispered somethingsomething inin HelensHelens earear.I wanted to know what they were whisperingwhispering about.I whisperedwhispered toto Mary that I would sneak close to f
31、ind it out.我看到珍妮和海伦在低声谈话。突然，珍妮探身在海伦耳边说了点儿什么。我很好奇她们在嘀咕些什么。于是我小声对玛丽说，我要悄悄走过去搞清楚。see.offsee.off 给(某人)送行(教材 P40)He insisted on walking me to the station to seesee me offoff.他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。see sb.out 送某人到门口see through 看穿，识破seeing that. 既然；由于，鉴于see to 负责，留意，照料see to it that. 使保证，务必使Will you seesee toto the
32、 plants while Im away?我不在的时候请你帮我照料这些植物好吗？Frankly speaking，they have already seen through you!坦白地说，他们已经看透你了！Can he see to it that hell make it?他保证能按时到达吗？breakbreak intointo 闯入，破门而入；突然起来(教材 P41)The burglar brokebroke intointo the house and Nancy saw him.小偷闯入房子而且南茜看见他了。10break away from 离开；脱离break down
33、 打破；毁掉；出毛病；(身体)垮了；恸哭；分解break out 突然爆发break up 拆散；分解；分裂；崩溃break through 突围；突破The report said that a war will breakbreak outout.报道说战争将会爆发。The old ship started to break up because of the storm.由于风暴，这艘旧船开始解体。We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDS.我们希望在与艾滋病的斗争中很快有所突破。injureinjure vtvt. .
34、伤害(教材 P41)Parents think their children may get injuredinjured and they wont let them play in the street.父母认为他们的孩子可能会受伤，不让他们在街上玩耍。(1)injured adj. 受伤的；(感情等)被伤害的the injured 受伤者(指一类人)(2)injury n. 伤害，损害do an injury to sb.do sb.an injury对某人造成伤害TheThe injuredinjured were taken to a nearby hospital by an am
35、bulance.救护车把伤者送到了附近的一所医院。Smoking does an injury(injure)to health.吸烟有害身体健康。易混辨析 injure/harm/wound/hurtinjure/harm/wound/hurtinjure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤harm表示对身体、物质或精神上的严重损害，常指伤害人的肉体，损坏东西以及损害健康、品质、事业等wound主要用于肉体上的“创伤” ，一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受枪弹伤害hurt普通用语，在口语中常见。主要指有生命的东西“受伤” 。既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害用 injure/harm/w
36、ound/hurt 的适当形式填空He was seriously injured in the traffic accident.11It wouldnt do him any harm to work a bit harder.A soldier was wounded in the fight.Mary said that she was hurt by your words.随 堂 效 果 落 实.单句语法填空1 1In the following(follow) years，he worked even harder.2 2I had just lain down when the
37、telephone rang.3 3Children should be brought up to have good manners(manner)4 4Maybe you could give me a lift home.5 5We request the conference (should) be held(hold) next Friday.6 6These are the rules that are familiar to everyone.7 7I have a hard time paying(pay) attention in school.8 8You should
38、be cautious(caution) when you cross the street.9 9He stood in the doorway，staring(stare) at Doctor Winter.1010Ambulances took the injured(injure) to a nearby hospital. .单句改错1 1He is familiar to three languages.towith2 2Upon his arrive at the office，he realized that he had left his cellphone at home.
39、arrivearrival3 3To find out the exact information，he was cautious to making a choice.第二个 toof/about4 4Please see to it the door is locked.it 后加 that5 5In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hiding within the work.hidinghidden.完成句子1 1当我正沿着河边走时，突然听到一个溺水儿童的呼救。I was walking alo
40、ng the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.2 2我正要出门时，一位不速之客来访了。I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.3 3下次再来时带您的妻子一起来。12Next time you come，please bring your wife along.4 4那人费了很大劲才把几只打架的狗分开。The man had a difficult time pulling those fighting dogs apart.5 5我对你的唯一请求就是你要早点到
41、那里。All I request of you is that you should be there early语 法 专 项 突 破现在分词自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟What did I learn about Chinese customs from my excitingexciting exchange to China？What he did was amazingamazing.Last time，when I visited China，we saw the tour guide wearingwearing a very pretty fur coat on the day
42、 we left.They didnt seem to hear me sayingsaying “No，thank you” in my poor spoken Chinese.I told her the coat swited her，but she looked very embarassed，sayingsaying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago.五句中都有一个现在分词，且其作用各不相同：句exciting 作定语，句amazing 作表语，句的 wearing 和句的saying 作宾语补足语，句say
43、ing 作伴随状语。精要点拨现在分词由动词加ing 形式构成，是分词的一种，在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其他的一些成分，如定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。一、现在分词的构成形式形式主动被动用法意义一般式doing being done指分词的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生表示主动或进行，或既表主动又表进行13完成式having donehaving been done指分词的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前We walked along the river bank，talkingtalking andand laughinglaughing.我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。No
44、tNot readingreading carefully，he wouldnt find many things he had not known before.不认真读书，他就不会发现许多以前不知道的东西。HavingHaving finishedfinished all the work，they had a good rest.结束了所有的工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。The question beingbeing discusseddiscussed is of great importance.正在被讨论的这个问题非常重要。HavingHaving beenbeen givengi
45、ven such a good chance，how could she let it slip away?既然得到了这么好的机会，她怎么能让它溜走呢？Not havinghaving beenbeen cleanedcleaned for years，the windows looked very dirty.由于多年没有擦过，窗子看上去很脏。温馨提示 现在分词的否定式是在v.ing 前面加 not，如 not doing；not being done；not having done；not having been done。即时演练 1 用所给动词的正确形式填空Listening to m
46、usic at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.Having spent(spend) nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.Not knowing(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.二、现在分词的句法功能1 1现在分词作状语现在分词或现在分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、
47、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的现在分词短语有时可由连词 while 或 when 引导。HearingHearing thethe newsnews，they got excited.(时间状语)听到这个消息，他们很激动。HavingHaving beenbeen bittenbitten byby a a snakesnake，she was frightened at it.(原因状语)因为曾被蛇咬过，所以她很怕蛇。The cup dropped to the ground，breakingbreaking intointo piecespieces.(结果状语)14杯子
48、掉到地上，摔成了碎片。TakingTaking (IfIf youyou taketake) thethe pathpath thatthat leadsleads outout ofof thethe towntown，you will come to a dense wood.(条件状语)如果你沿着通向郊外的路前进，就会走入一片密林中。HavingHaving failedfailed(AlthoughAlthough hehe hadhad failedfailed)manymany timestimes，he didnt lose heart.(让步状语)虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。I stood by the door，notnot daringdaring toto saysay a a wo