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1、作业一:习题1.6解:要判断基槽是否安全,只需比较基底以下地基土的自重应力与承压力的大小。自重应力=丫2=丫21+丫 (21-10) 3 (6. 0-5. 0) +203 (5.0-4. 0)=31 KN/m2承压力=Y h =103 3. 2 = 32 KN/m2 w承压力自重应力(即承压顶板以上的上覆土重),基槽不安全。习题1.7解:根据 Q/t = q = kFh/L 可 得:k=QL/(tFh)=(53 20)/(103 53 50) =43 10-2cm/s习题1.8解:根据 Q/t = q = kFh/L 可 得:k =QL/ (tFh)=33 15/(103 603 53 20)
2、=7. 53 10-4cm/s注:此题时间应为10分钟而不是10秒。习题1. 10解:要判断是否会发生流土现象,只需比较动水力仃口与土的浮重度Y 的大小。G =产 y =(h/L)2 V w= (70/60)3 10 = 11. 67 KN/m3Dwv,=v -Y =20.2-10=10.2 KN/m3yY satwe G y DJ会发生流土。习题2. 1解:已知 V=50cm3m=95. 15gms = 75.05gGs=2.67 p w=lg/cm3利用三相简图可求出:m =m-m =95. 15-75. 05 = 20. 1gws =m / p =20. 1 cm3WWW Gs=m /(
3、V2p ) ss wV=m / (Gs2 p ) =75.05/(2. 67 1)=28. 11 cm3 s swV =V-V =50-28. 11 = 21. 89 cm3Vs根据定义即可求出各项指标:p =m / V=95. 15/50 = 1. 903g/ cm 3p =m / V=75. 05/50=1. 501 g/ cm3 d sp = (m +V 2 P ) / V=(75. 05 + 21. 893 l)/50 = l. 94g/ cm3sat s V wco =(m / m 尸 100% = (20. 1/75.05)3 100% = 26. 8%e =V 7V =21. 8
4、9/28. 11=0. 78n = (V / V)3 100% = (21. 89/50尸 100% = 43. 8%Sr = V / V =20. 1/21. 89 = 0. 918w V习题2. 2Sr=l (依题意)Sr=l (依题意)解:已知p=L84g/cm3p w=lg/cm3 Gs=2. 75=53 16(1+0. 23 2.4/3. 0) (1+0. 23 1.2/2. 4)+18. 03 1.2=123. 68 kPa取 K=L5,则地基承载力R=P/K= 123.68/1. 5 = 82.45 kPa u作业四:习题5. 1解:Pq=y H2K。/2=丫 H2(l-sin0
5、 )/2= 18. 03 4. 02(l-sin36)/2 = 57. 6KN/m对于干砂,产生主动土压力的位移值一 =0.5%H=0. 5%3 4 = 2cmP =Y H2K/2=丫 H2tg2(45。-0 /2)/2 = 18. O3 4. 02 tg2(45 -36 /2)/2 = 37. 4 KN/m aa习题5. 2解:K =1sin0 =1sin36 =0. 4op =丫 h K = 183 23 0. 4= 14. 4 kPa 01i op =v h K +v h K =183 23 0.4+(21-10)3 23 0.4 = 23.2 kPa021 02 0因此静止土压力为:P
6、 =14.43 2/2+(14.4 + 23. 2) 3 2/2 = 52 KN/m同理:p =yh K=183 23 tg2(45 -0 /2) =183 23 t.(45 -36 /2)=9. 35 kPa al1 ap =y h K +y h Ka2 i a2 a= 183 23 tg2(45 -36 /2)+(21 10)3 23 tg2(45 -36 /2)=15. 06 kPa 因此主动土压力为:P =9. 353 2/2+(9. 35 + 15. 06) 3 2/2 = 33. 76 KN/m a水压力为 P =y h 2/2 = 10- 22/2 = 20 KN/m w w 2
7、习题5. 3解:6 二24。6 =36。p 二 二0 查表 5. 1 得:K =0. 25a代入库仑主动土压力计算公式可得:P =Y H2K/2=183 4.023 o. 25/2 = 36 KN/m aa习题5. 4解:b =20。 e =30 P =12=0 查图 5. 18 得:K=0.4aP =Y H2K/2=173 5.023 o. 4/2 = 85 KN/m求平分力为:P =Pcosb =85cos20。=79. 9 KN/m ax a竖直分力为:P =P sin6 =85sin20 =29. IKN/m ay a注:书中答案为墙背倾斜时,即口1。(计算求得)时的情况。习题5. 6
8、解:p = qK =20 tg2(45 -30 /2) = 6. 67 kPaR=(q+Y )个=(20+18, 53 3) tg2(45 -30 /2) = 25. 17 kPapi z =(q+Y %) =(20+18.53 3) tg2(45 -35 /2) = 20. 46 kPap =(q+Y h +y h)K =(20+18. 53 3+193 3) tg2(45 -35 /2)=35. 91 kPaa21 12 2 a2p =(q+y h +y h +y z h)K = (20+18. 53 3+193 3 +103 4) tg2(45 -35 /2) a31 12 23 a2=
9、46. 75 kPa总主动土压力为:P =(6. 67 + 25. 17产 3/2+(20.46 + 35.91) 3 3/2+(35.91+46. 75) 3 4/2= 297.64 KN/m水压力为 P =y h 2/2 = 103 42/2 = 80 KN/m w w 3作业五:习题2-1解:(1)持力层和下卧层强度检算:确定地基土容许承载力: I =(33 ) / (co -co ) =(27.8-18)/(3218)=0.7e = 0.9LPLp 查表得:C =180 kPa 0C=C0+kj J(b2) +k2Y JH-3) k =0, k =1.5= 180 + 0=180 kP
10、a计算基底处压力及持力层强度检算:ZN = N +N =4719+1386 = 6105KN 12Z M=13863 0. 35 + 244. 53 12. 59+1. 43 12. 28 + 28? 6. 79 = 3770. 67KN2 mO =Z N/F=6105/(7. 43 7. 5)=110 kPa = 180 kPa . W=ab2/6 = 7. 53 7. 42/6 = 68. 45 nP C =Z N/F+Z M/W=6105/(7. 43 7. 5) +3770. 67/68. 45 max= 165. 09 kPa0 min因此,持力层强度满足要求。下卧层强度检算: e
11、= l. 1 I =0.8L 查表得:c o=100 kPa=C o+kj;(b2) +k2v JH-3)k=0, k =1.5= 100 + 0+1. 53 183 (8. 7-3) =253. 9 kPa下卧层顶面处的自重应力C =Y (Z+H)=183 8.7 = 156.6 kPa cz.z/b=(8. 7-2)/7. 4 = 0. 911 C卜按基底压应力图形采用距最大应力点b/3处的压应力,即:O =c . +2(C -C . )/3 = 54.91+2(165. 09 54. 91)/3=128. 36 kPa h min 、max min由z/b = 0. 91 a/b = 7
12、. 5/7. 4=1. 01查表可得:下卧层附加应力系数。=0. 389因此下卧层顶面处的附加应力C =。(C -Y 11)=0. 389(128. 36-1832) zh= 35. 93 kPa: +C =156.6 + 35.93 = 192.53 kPa:C =253. 9 kPa cz z 下卧层强度满足要求。(2)基础自身强度的检算:基础的刚性角B =arctg (1/1) =45 ,而碎的容许刚性角0 =45。/ P二小基础自身强度满足要求。(3)偏心距、滑动、倾覆稳定性检算:偏心距检算:偏心距 e=Z M/Z N = 3770. 67/6105 = 0. 618m1. 3 c 滑
13、动稳定性检算通过。倾覆稳定性检算: K =s/e= (b/2)/e=(7. 4/2)/O. 618 = 5. 991. 5 倾覆稳定性检算通过。习题5-2解:产生负摩阻力的情况见教案(略)。由于负摩阻力使桩产生下拉荷载从而增加桩的轴向 压力易导致桩体破坏。习题5-3解:1.桩的计算宽度b和变形系数。:ob =0. 9(d+l)=0. 93 (1. 2 + 1) =1. 98moEI=O. 8 E 1 = 0. 83 2. 903 1073 3. 143 1. 2V64 = 2. 363 lO6KlNP m2 ha = (mb/EI) i/5 = (3000a 1.98/2. 363 106)=
14、0. 302 m-1a 1=0. 3023 15 = 4. 534. 0 (按弹性桩计算)2.计算桩身局部冲刷线以下的弯矩M和桩侧土的横向压应力C :XV作用在局部冲刷线处的横向力Q和M为: 00Q =H = 41. 4KN M =M+H1 =54. 2 + 41. 43 7. 2 = 352. 28KN2 m 000桩下端置于土中且。12. 5,故采用简捷法计算。(1)求任意深度y处桩身截面上的弯矩M :M =Q A /a +M B =(41. 4/0. 302) A 斗352. 28B =137. 09 A +352. 28By 0 M0 MMMMM(2)任意深度y处的桩侧所受横向压应力0
15、 :.、xyo = (a Q / b ) Az + (a 2M / b ) Bzxy0000= (0.3023 41.4/1. 98) & +(0. 30223 352. 28/1.98) B =6. 3 7 +16. 2BCM、C计算列表如下:结果绘图(略) y xya yy(m)BaiMJkN2 m)o 皿(kpa)0.0001,000352.280000.20. 660. 1970. 998378. 580. 4240. 2586. 850.41.330. 3770. 986399. 030. 7210. 40011.020.61.990. 5290. 959410. 360. 9020
16、. 45012.970.82. 650. 6460.913410. 190.9790. 43013. 131.03.310. 7230. 851398.910.9700. 36111.961.23.970. 7620. 774377. 130. 8950. 2639. 901.44. 640. 7650. 687346. 890. 7720. 1517. 311.65. 300. 7370. 594310. 290. 6210. 0394. 551.85. 960. 6850. 499269. 690. 457-0.0641.842.06. 620.6140. 407227. 550. 294
17、-0.151-0. 592.27. 290. 5320. 320185. 660. 142-0.2192. 652.47. 950. 4430. 243146. 330. 008-0.265-4. 202.68.610. 3550. 175110. 32-0. 104-0. 290-5. 352.89.270. 2700. 12079. 29-0. 193-0. 295-5.993.09. 930. 1930. 07653. 23-0. 262-0. 284-6. 243. 511. 590. 0510. 01411.92-0. 367-0.199-5. 534.013. 25000-0. 4
18、32-0. 059-3.683.桩顶水平位移X o; a 1=4. 534. 0 a 1 =0. 3023 7. 2 = 2. 174 o,普a 14. 0, a 1 =2. 174 查表 5-7 举:6 =21.216 =3. 928 =7.7923则:X =:4/(0 3川6 +M/(a2EI)6013= (41. 43 21.21)/(0.30233 2. 363 1 06) + (54. 23 7. 79)/(0. 3022 3 2. 363 1 06)=15. 5mm习题5-4解:1,桩的计算宽度/各列桩数相等 又,: L =2. 5mob :o b =0.9(d+l)2 kh =3
19、(d41)=33 (1.05 + 1) =6. 15m o k=C+(lC) Lq/(0. 6ho)=o. 6+(l-0. 6)3 2. 5/3. 69 = 0. 87 b =0.9(d+l)2 k=0.9(1.0+l)3 0.87 = 1. 57 mo*. (D +l)/n=(3. 43 2+1.0+l)/3 = 2.93m/. b=minb , (D +l)/n =1. 57m2.变形系数。:L 4. 0 (按弹性桩计算).计算p、p、p、p : 1234P (IJU)/ (EA)+1/(CA)-1其中:lo=5.5Om 1=23. 50m; =0.5(钻孔摩擦桩)E =2. 73 107
20、kpa C =m l=100003 23. 50 = 2. 353 105KN/m3 h00I D=d+21tg(0 /4) = 1.0+23 23. 50tg(24 /4) =5. 94 m桩尖处桩的中心距离 3. 50m取 D = 3. 50 mAo=rr D2/4 = 3. 143 3. 502/4 = 9. 62 m2A=tt d2/4 = 3. 143 1. 02/4 = 0. 79 m2故:p =(1+U)/ (E A)+1/(CA )-110h0 0= (5. 50+0. 53 23. 50)/ (2. 73 1Q73 0. 79)+ 1/(2. 353 IQs3 9, 62)-
21、i =8. O3 105KN/m由。1 =0. 4313 5. 50 = 2. 37 及。1=10. 134. 0 查表 5-9 可得: o-Y =0. 153 Y =0. 319 =0.906QMM则:P 2=。3 EI Y =0.43133 1.063 1063 0. 153 = 1. 303 104 KN/mp =q 2 EI Y =0.43123 1.063 1063 0.319 = 6. 283 104 KN/m 3Mp =a EI =0. 4313 1.063 1063 0. 906 = 4. 143 105 KN2 m 4M=Z n pbb13 .计算群桩刚度指标: =63 8.
22、 O3 105 = 48. O3 105KN/m104 KN/rad10533 (3.5/2)2 + 33 (-3. 5/2)2104 KN/rad10533 (3.5/2)2 + 33 (-3. 5/2)2= Znp =63 1.303 104 = 7. 83 lO4KN/m aa i 2=Y =-Z n p =-63 6. 28s 104=-37. 683ap p ai 3=Z n p +p Z nx2 = 63 4. 143 105 + 8. O3p pi 41 i i=1. 723 107 KN2 m/rad4 .计算承台变位a b、pb = N/v k =11975. 0/48. O
23、3 105 = 2. 4953 10-3 m bba=(Hy -My )/(Y Y -丫 2) = 294.53 1. 723 107-4839.33 (-37.683 p papaa p p a p104)/7. 83 1043 1.723 107-(-37. 683 10)2 =5. 763 10-3 mR =(Mv -Hy )/(Y Y -Y 2)= 4839. 33 7. 83 104-294. 53 (-37. 683 104) 尸T aaapaa p p ap/7. 83 1043 1.723 107-(-37. 683 10)2 =4. 0743 10-4rad(3. 5/2)3
24、 4.0743 10-45 .计算桩顶作用力:N=N/np xp =11975. 0/68. 03 lO53 i1 i=r 2052. 87 KN工 1425. 47 KN即左边三根桩的竖向力N = 1425.47KN,右边三根桩的竖向力N = 2052. 87 KNH=p a-p B =13。3 1043 5.763 10-3-6. 283 lO2 4. 0743 10-4 = 49. 30 KN i 23M =p p -p a=4.143 1053 4.0743 10-4 6.2835. 763 10-3 = -317. 26 KN2m436 .计算桩身弯矩My:作用在局部冲刷线处的横向力
25、Q和M和Q =H=49. 30KN M =M$H1 =-317.26 + 49. 303 5. 5 = -46. 11 KN2 m0 i0 i i 0局部冲刷线以下的桩身弯矩:M =Q A /a +M B =(49. 30/0. 431) A -46. 11B =114. 39 A -46. 11B躲各赫根处的弯垢1%按。y和。14.0善表得A B再代入上襄求得(参史习题5-3)。M M习题5-6解:按低承台桩基础桩顶荷载的简化计算方法计算:图 a: N =N/nMx/Z x2 Z x2 = l. 523 2+ (-1. 5)23 2 = 9左右一排桩 N =N/n-Mx/Z x2= 1200
26、0/4-110003 1. 5/9 = 1166. 7 KN ii右边一排桩 N =N/n+Mx/Z x2 = 12000/4+110003 1. 5/9 = 4833. 3 KN 2ii图 b: Zx.2=1.523 2+(1. 5)23 2 + 0 = 9左边两根桩 N =N/n-Mx/Z x2= 12000/5-11000s 1. 5/9 = 566. 7 KN i i中间一根桩 N =N/nMxZ x2= 12000/5-0 = 2400KN 2ii右边两根桩 N =N/n+Mx/Z x2 = 12000/5 + 110003 1. 5/9 = 4233. 3 KN 3ii习题5-7解
27、:P=(l/2)UZq+nioAC h = 20m10d=13. 5m(4d3)+k 7 26d= 450 + 5. 53 (20-10)3 (43 1.35-3) +(5. 5/2)3 (20-10)3 63 1.35= 804. 75Kpa查表得:f=70 Kpa m =0.5 i0P=(l/2)UZfl+moAC= (1/2)3 3.143 (1.35 + 0. 05)3 703 20 + 0.53 3.143 (1.35/2)23 804.75= 3652. 86KN习题5-8解:P= (1/2) UZ a .fl + 入 ARa a ,=a =1.0= (1/2)3 :3. 143
28、403 10-23 (453 8 + 353 4 + 603 4)+3. 143 (40/23 10-2)23 3000 = 653. 12 KN习题59解:P=(l/2)UZfl+moACU=3. 14(1. 0 + 0. 15) =3. 61 mA=3. 143 1. 02/4 = 0. 785m2h = 19. 0m10d = 10mA C = C0+k2Y2(4d-3)+k/Y 22 6d= 450+5. 53 203 (43 1.0-3) +(5. 5/2)3 203 63 1.0= 890Kpa查表得:f =65Kpa f =70Kpa f =75Kpa m =1 0 1230P=
29、(l/2)UZf l+moAC=(l/2)3 3. 613 (653 6. 0 + 703 11. 0 + 753 2. 0)+1. 03 0. 7853 890= 3063. 2 KN注:设 v = 1 cm3丁 p =m/VV Gs=m / (V2P )s s wm =m m =1. 84 2. 75 V,m=p 2 V = 1. 843 1 = 1. 84gm =Gs2 V2 p =2. 75VwssV =m / p =1. 84 2. 75 V WWWsV Sr = V /V =1V =V =1.84-2. 75 V,w VV ws又. V=v +V =1.84-2. 75 V +V
30、=1.84-1.75 V =1Vss ss,V =(1.841)/1. 75 = 0.48 cm3 sV = V V =1 0. 48 = 0. 52 cm 3 = VVsm = V 2 p =0. 52 g w w wm =m m =1. 84 0. 52 = 1. sw代入相应公式可得:32 gU)=(m /m 尸 100%=(0. 52/1. 32)3 100% = 39. 4% w sp =m / V=l. 32/1 = 1. 32 g/cm3 d se =V / V =0.52/0.48= 1.08n = (V / V)3 100% = (0. 52/1) 3 100% = 52%
31、v本题设V =1 cm3可得出同样的结果。习题2. 3解:设V=1sGs=msVu) = (mw/(V2p )s wp =lg/cm3w又p d = m/ m 尸 100%s/ Vs=2. 713 I3 1=2. 71g wm =u)2 m =19.3%3 2.71=0. 52g wsV =m / p =0. 52cm3WWW/. V=m / p 2. 71/1. 54=1. 76cm3s dV =VV =1. 76 1 = 0. 76cm3而此:e =V / V =0. 76/1 =0. 76n = (V / Q尸 100% = (0. 76/1. 76尸 ioo% = 43. 2% vSr
32、 = V / V =0. 52/0. 76 = 0. 68w V(2)Ip=(oo 3)3 100=(28. 3%-16. 7%)3 100=11. 617 故古粉质猫土。I =(3 3 ) / Ip= (19. 3-16. 7)/11. 6 = 0. 224 LP 0I p p satd习题2. 5解:按粒径由大到小的原则进行分类。粒径dl. 0mm只占2%,故排除碎石类土;粒径d0. 075mm占92%且d2mm不超过 土全重的50%,故应为砂类土。在砂类土中再按粒径由大到小的原则,以最先符合者确定砂土的名称。d2mm的颗粒占土全重不到2%,故排除砾砂;d0.5mm的颗粒占土全重9%+2%
33、=11%0. 25mm的颗粒占土全重24% + 9%+2%=35%0. 075mm的颗粒占土全重100%8%=92%85%,因此该砂土为细砂。习题2. 6解:(l)Ip=(n -co ) 3 100= (30%-12. 5%)3 100=17.5 1L 1p 1Ip =(n -CO ) 3 100=(14%-6. 3%)3 100 = 7.7 2L2p2V Ip Ip 甲土比乙土粘粒含量多(正确) 12(2) Gs=m / (V2p ) m =Gs2 Vs s wss又: =m / m /. m =oo 2 m =(n 2 Gs2 V w swssm = m +m =(1)2 Gs2 Vs w
34、sSr = v / V V =V =m /p =0)2 Gs2 Vw Vw V w wsV=V+V =(- Gs)2 V故甲 土面天然密度 p =m/V=i(1+u)产 Gs : V /(1+0)n Gs 尸 V =(1+3产 Gsj/(1+co: Gs)=(1+0.28尸 2. 75 / (1+0.283 2. 75) = 1. 989 g/cm3同理乙士的天然密度p 2 = (1+u)2)2 Gs2/(l+(n22 GsJ= (1+0. 26尸 2. 70 /(1 +0. 263 2. 70) = 1. 999 g/cm3 因此错误。(3) p =m /V=(Gs2 V)/(1+oo2 G
35、s)2 V = Gs/(1+u)2 Gs) d sss故甲土的干密度p =2. 75 / (1 +0. 283 2. 75) =1. 554g/cm3乙土的干密度p dl =2. 70 / (1 +0. 263 2. 70) =1. 586g/cm3因此错误。1(4) e =V / V =3 2 Gs甲土 的天然孔腐比 ea); Gs = 0. 28s 2. 75 = 0. 77乙土的天然孔隙比 e =u)2 Gs =0. 26 2. 70 = 0. 702222因此正确。习题2. 7解:解:已知V=1m:3V = e V寸 =e V = e /(1 +V sSr = V / V w VV=V
36、 +V =(1+ e)V =1V=1/(1+ e)e) = CL95/U+0. 95)=0.487 m3 S当饱和度由0.37提高到0. 90时,所增加的水的体积为: V =(Sr -Sr ) z V = (0. 90-0. 37)3 0. 487 = 0. 258 m3W 21 v应加的水重量为 Am =p 2A V =ao. 258 = 0. 258(吨)=258kg W WWO习题2. 8解:设砂样体积为v丁 p =m / V/.m =p 2 V=l. 66Vd ss dV Gs = m / (V2P ) A V =m / (Gs2 p ) =1.66V / (2. 703 1)=0.
37、615 V s s ws swV =V-V=o. 385 V.qV、V 不变AV =V =0. 385 V*. Sr =V / V/. V2 =2 V =0. 630. 385 V =0. 231V2w2V2w22V2m =p 2 V =0.231Vw2ww23 =m /m =0. 231V / 1.66V = 13. 92% 2w2sp =m/ v = (m +m )/ V= (1. 66V+0. 231V ) /V 2S W2=1. 891 (g/cm3)习题2. 10解:解:已知 ni=200gco =m / mw s m=m +m1 s wloo =15% iAm =u)nwl 1=1
38、. 15m =200sco =20% 2m =0. 15 msm =cow2z m =0. 20 m2 sAm =200 / 1. 15 = 173. 91g s故需加水Am =m m = (0. 20 0. 15) m =0. 053 173. 91=8. 7g w w2 wls作业二:习题3. 1解:当第四层为坚硬整体岩石时(不透水),地下水位以下地基土的重度取饱和重度,则基 岩顶面处的自重应力为:屋2 = 丫 l1? +Y 2h2+Y 3h3= 1.53 18.0 + 3. 63 19. 4+1. 83 19.8 = 132. 5kPa若第四层为强风化岩石(透水),地下水位以下地基土的重
39、度应取浮重度,则基岩顶面处的自重应力为:C cz=Y件+丫 2h2+Y3h3= L53 18.0 + 3. 63 (19.410)+1.83 (19.8-10)=78. 5kPa故此处土的自重应力有变化。习题3. 2解:c =Y h +y h =20. P 1. 10+(20. 1-10)3 (4.8-1. 10)=59. 48kPa cz sat 122习题3. 3解:根据题意,计算条形基础中心点下的附加应力可用P= (C max + C min) /2=100kPa作 为均布荷载来代替梯形分布荷载计算,则条形基础中心点下各深度处的地基中的附加应力 为:深度 0 处:z/b=0 x/b=0
40、,查表得。=1.0000,则c p=L 00003 loonookPa 深度 0. 25b 处:z/b=0. 25x/b=0 ,查表得。=0. 960,则 =a p=0. 9603 100=96kPa 深度 0. 50b 处:z/b=0. 50 x/b=0 ,查表得。=0. 820,则C =a p=0. 8203 100=82kPa 深度 1. 0b 处:z/b=l. 0 x/b=0 ,查表得。=0. 552,则C =a p=0. 5523 100=55. 2kPa 深度 2. 0b 处:z/b=2. 0 x/b=0 ,查表得。=0. 306,则 =a p=0. 3063 100=30. 6k
41、Pa 4深度 3. Ob 处:z/b=3. 0 x/b=0 ,查表得。=0. 208,则C z=a p=0. 2083 100=20. 8kPa习题3. 5解:a =(e -e)/(p -p) = (0. 952-0. 936)/(0. 2-0. 1) = 0. 16Mpa-i 1-21221E =(l+e)/a =(1+0.952)/0. 16=12.2 MpaSl-211-20. lMpa-i a 0. 5Mpa-i1-2该土为中等压缩性土。习题3. 6解:已知 l = 14.0mb=10.0mz=10.0mO点处的竖向附加应力为C z = 4a p,。由z/b=10/5=2 1/b=7/
42、5二1.4查表可得: a =0. 1034, 4a =430. 1034=0.4136A点处的竖向附加应力为C zA = a p=2(a a )p由 z/b= 10/5二2 1/b=20/5=4 查表可得:Q=0. 1350,由 z/b=10/5=2 l/b=6/5=1.2 查表可得:。2 = 0947故 CzA =。aP = 2(a 1 -a 2)p = 2(0. 1350-0. 0947)p = 0. 0806po zA/ z = o. 0806p/0. 4136p=19. 5%AA14mbm10m习题3. 8解:p =N /b y dp =N /b y d =2N /2b y d =N /b y dr01 1 1 T 1 1r02 2 2 T 1 11 1 T 1 1 1 1 T 1 1即两基础的基底附加应力相同。根据z = a p0知在中心点下同一深度处土中附加应力 只与附加应力系数。有关,若深度Z,则基础1的附加应力系数。由z/b x/b=O查表求得, 基础2的附加应力系数。2由z/乌x/bo查表求得,由此可知a的大小取决于基础的宽度, 宽