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1、高中英语人教版新课标选修8Unitl2语法名词性从句【问题查找】单项选择Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knewshe was so angry.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. whyAs a new graduate, he doesnt knowit takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. whichsome people regard as a drawback is seen as
2、 a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. ThatD. HowHow about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, you want.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoeverIt is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. that B. what C. how D.
3、 whether6.One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why7.Before the sales start, I make a list of my kids will need for the ing season.A. why B. what C. how D. whichWhen changing lanes, a driver should use his
4、turning signal to let other drivers know.A. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he enteringHow much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely onhe goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. whywant to be like
5、d and loved for I am inside.A. whoB. where C. whatD. howKeys: LD考查名词性从句。该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此 生气”可判断选D项。1.8 考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。解析:空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语,所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用whato考查主语从句。句意:一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语,只能用B. what happiness and sorrow with us.Last but not least, we are
6、supposed to do exercise regularly.lt can help us to keep fit.To sum up, I believe 5.（只要我们能把上面的事情做好）, we will grow up happily and healthily.Dont you think so?Thats all.Thank you.Keys: l.what we can do to grow up happily and healthilythat attitude decides everythingthat we can adapt to changes and enj
7、oy life betterthat we should make some good friendsthat so long as we do all the things above well来引导.C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。4. C本题考查引导词。句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？ ”“好啊，按你的意思吧！” 根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。5.B主语从句的引导词。根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来 什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring ab
8、out side effect0故选择what,形容词“什么样的，起修饰作用。6. A考查同位语从句。考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。7. B考查宾语从句的引导词。句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的 东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need 的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。8.B考查宾语从句。which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。9.B考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的whether his friends or relatives可知应
9、是和谁去，故 选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。10.C考查宾语从句我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可 以指代是什么。很多同学误选A,错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。【要点精讲】步骤一:指出下面划线名词在句子中充当的成分。1. The villagers didnt allow them to do this.2. People all over the world speak English.3. We, students, all like teachers who are humorous.4. Our
10、 teacher of English is an American.Keys:主语、宾语、同位语、表语步骤二：指出下面从句分别属于什么从句1. Whether he will be able to e remains a question.（主语从句）2.1 wonder whether he can speak English or not.（宾语从句）The question is whether he is able to do it alone.（费治沙（句）The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.（同位语从 句）综上，名词
11、性从句指的是主要包括Keys:在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三、解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：步骤一：名词性从句的概述.主语从句（1）主语从句在复合句中作主语。【例句】Who will go is not important.（2）用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。【例句】It doesnt matter so much whether you will e on not.（3） that引导主语从句时，不能省略。例句Thal he suddenly fell ill lasl week made us surprised.1
12、.表语从句（1）表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。【例句 1 The question was who could go there.（2）引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省略。例J句 My idea is （that） we can get more rades to help in the work.【考题链接】Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was_ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. whatB.
13、thatC. whyD. whether答案：B解题思路：从句不缺少成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己创作的小说大 卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说非常贴近他本人的真实生活。2 .宾语从句（1）宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词ihal一般可省略。但如果句中有两个 宾语从句时，第二个that就不可省略。例句I hope （ihal） overylhing is all righl and that you enjoy your stay here.【考题链接】Having checked the doors were closed , and all the lights
14、were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.C. whenD. whereA. / B. that答案：B解题思路：设空处的that引导第二个宾语从句，不可省略，所以A项错误，而C、D两项 不符合句意，故选B。（2） whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，但在下列情况中只能用whether： 在具有选择意义，乂有or或or not连用时。例句Let me know whether he will e or not.在介词之后。【例句】Im interested in whether he likes English.Were thinki
15、ng about whether we can finish the work on time.在不定式to do前。例句He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man.I dont know whether to go.whether置于句首时。例句Whether this is true or not, I cant say.（3）宾语从句时态判断口诀：主现从实，主过从过，真理永现4.同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具
16、体内容。例句I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.【考题链接】There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in lime for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if答案：A解题思路：此题中的chance为先行词，that引导的是同位语从句，对chance作进一步的解 释说明。步骤二：名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有：th
17、at / whether / as if连接代词 what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever连接副词 where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever(1)that的用法主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中要用that,且不能省略。例句That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the h
18、ope that they would e lo China one day.当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如:例句They share little in mon except that they arc from the same country.当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他的不 省略。【例句I believe (that) youve done your best and that things will improve.(2) that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；
19、what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语 从句中的“先行词+关系代词唧先行词+ thaf 例句Its a shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.【考题链接】1. Wc should respect food and think about the people who dont have wc have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether答案：C解题思路：what既要引导宾语从句，又要在宾语从句中作
20、宾语。2. They want to do to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. that they can D. all can they答案：B解题思路：此题中的what引导的是宾语从句，what既做主句的宾语，又做从句的宾语。D项把语序调整为all they can也对。(3)同位语从句与定语从句中ihat的区别同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；定语从句中的关系代词ihat在句中作宾语或主语，宾语与先行词之间是修饰关系。同位语从句一般放在表示具体含义的名词后，用于解释名词的含义或内容，如放在以下
21、名词：news、fact suggestiontruth、plan、belief doubt、possibilityx idea 等之后。定语从句的内容只是对先行词的限定和修饰。【例句】They expressed the hope that they would e to visit China again同位语从句）The hope she expressed is that they would e to visit China again.（定语从句）【考题链接】1. Have you heard of the news France has begun to attack Libya
22、?A. whenB. that C. whether D. what答案：B解题思路：此题为同位语从句，that在句中作为连词，没有具体意义。2. The latest news I get is that another earthquake occurred in Japan.A. which B. / C. what D. where答案：B解题思路：此题为定语从句，ihat在句中作宾语，可以省略。（4） “疑问词+ ever”和“no matter +疑问词”的区别“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中充当一定的成分。例句 Whoever breaks ihc rule mu
23、st be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.”疑问词+ ever”还可引导让步状语从句。【例句】 Whoever breaks ihe rule, he must be punished.Whatever you do, you must do it well.“no matter +疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。例句No matter whal you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.【考题链接】te
24、am wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever答案：D解题思路：根据语法规则可知，A、B两项只能引导让步状语从句，而此题是主语从句, 故可排除A、B项，然后再根据句意排除C项。（5） when和where引导的名词性从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句， 否则则为名词性从句。【例句They put forwar
25、d the question where 由ey could get the money.This is the place where Ihe accidenl happened.【考题链接】1 .一I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.一Thats I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whenD. what答案：A解题思路：答语的句意为：这就是我不同意的地方。其中，agree是不及物动词，所以用
26、 where引导表语从句。2. The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-rivertraffic is the heaviest.A. which; whereB. at which; whichC. at which; whereD. which; in which答案：C解题思路：第一个设空处的al which引导的是定语从句，而第二个设空处的where引导的 则是表语从句。【查漏补缺】单句语法填空she could do such a terrible thing to her friend is
27、a mystery to me.1. The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check the bag had 50 gold coins.2. you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.3. They expressed th
28、e hope they would e over to visit China again.4. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.Keys: l.VVhy 2.whether/if 3.What 4. that 5. that【梳理优化】一、常考题型：1.完型填空；2.阅读理解题；3.语法填空题 4.书面表达二、解题技巧【强化巩固】单句语法填空I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had a
29、lready been charged(for)the reservation.1. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.2. The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.3. Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itsel
30、f in thefuture.4. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around1565.5. Pick yourself up.Courage is doing youre afraid to do.6. As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.7. 一What a mess! You are always so lazy!一Im n
31、ot to blame, mum.I am you have made me.8. It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.9. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats I was bom.1 think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.10. “Every time you cat a sweet, drink green tea. This
32、 is my mother used to tell me.11. Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea he did it； thats one of his favorite universities.12. I think its our duty to help parents do some housework.13. I took pride in I had done in the absence of my father.14.
33、I am wondering you can pick him up at the airport.15. This is I am thinking about the picture.16. I know it is because I dont spend much time memorizing them after class.17. I am wondering you can help me sell some.18. By the way, do you know they stand for?Keys: I.why2.what3.when4.whatever5.when6.w
34、hat7.what8.what9.what 10.where 11.what【课后练习】一、单句语法填空The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.1. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.2. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at bir
35、th, but hereaches these limits will depend on his environment.3. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.4. The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.5. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose suits you
36、 best.Keys： l.what考查名词性从句。引导一个宾语从句，且在从句中作谓语动词do的宾语， 所以用whatothat考查主语从句。本句中“it”为形式主语，后面为主语从句，从句句意完整，也不缺少 句子成分。2. whether句意：能否达到这些极限将视他的环境而定。whether引导主语从句。3. whoever句意：我们承诺给任何出席晚会的人一个与那个影星合影的机会。句中whoever 引导宾语从句。4. that句意：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟传来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词“the notice,作同位语从句，且从句结构完整，所以用that引导。5. whichever
37、所填词引导的从句作动词choose的宾语，同时该词在从句中作主语，意思是： 无论哪个。二、根据上下文和括号里的提示，用名词性从句完成句子Dear, teachers and classmates,Good morning! What I want to talk about today is 1.（为了健康快 乐地成长我们能做什么）Firstly, its well-known 2.（态度决定一切）.If we have a positive attitude towards life, we can face whatever difficulty bravely that we will run into in life and try to overe it.Whats more, we should study hard to enrich our knowledge.The reason is 3.（我们能适应变化，更好地生活）when we have power.Also, I think it,s a good idea 4.（我们应该结交一些好朋友），who can share