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1、2023届上海市复兴高级中学高三春考适应性考试英语试题(1 月3日)学校:姓名： 班级： 考号： 一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us
2、e one word that best fits each blank.For parents who send their kids off to college saying, 44These will be the best years of your life/ it would be very appropriate to add, you can handle the stress ofcollege life.”Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest research study
3、2 reported students emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students arc working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors 3 (offer) jobs.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learn
4、ing how to effectively handle this stress. Let me show five facts that I believe every college student4 know about stress.First, stress can make smart people do stupid things. Stress causes 5 brain researchers call “cortical inhibition (皮层抑制)In simple terms, stress prevents a part of the brain respo
5、nsible for decision-making and reaction time and can negatively affect other mental abilities as well.Second, the human body doesnt discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one. Any stressful experience will create about 1.400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress i
6、s left 6 (uncheck), many things can occur within the body, including premature aging and energy drain.Third, stress can become your new pattern. When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this 7 your normal state. This then becomes the new norm
7、(常态)for your emotional slate.Fourth, stress can be controlled. Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion refocusing techniques. One technique8 (involve) slowing your thoughts, breathing slowly, and focusing on the positiveAnd this pattern doesnt ap
8、ply to other aspects.E. But that,s not what happened.六、概要写作. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Selling your stuff online does not only help to decluiter（清理）your home and
9、 get rid of things you donl need, but it can also be a great source of income. Books youre not planning on reading again taking up space on your shelf? Sell them online. Upgrading your phone? Find a local buyer on social media.Selling online conies with certain pitfalls too. though, and it pays to b
10、e diligent when youre crossing the threshold。】槛）from customer to seller.One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise. Most big players in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential cus
11、tomers, but also because they offer insurance both to the seller and the buyer, which gives both buyers and sellers more confidence. The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee（预付费）for using the platform, and may also have to sacrifice a cut of your profit to the com
12、pany. Whats more, you need to build up a reputation before buyers can trust you-which means you might have to settle fbr lower prices until you have a high rating.You can use some platforms that either charge a smaller fee for advertising or even no fee at all-bu（, in that case, wha（ you will need t
13、o keep in mind is your safety, especially if the value of the product youre selling is high. Most prospective buyers will be genuine, but its always best to meet during the day at a public place such as a coffee shop, a library, or a supermarket parking lot-anywhere monitored by security cameras is
14、good. Always keep the product close to you, and check that the money has been released into your account or-if youre being paid by cash-that you have been given the full amount before relinquishing your items.A few more things lo keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of theitems yo
15、u are selling, especially if advertising on a big platform. The last thing you want is lobe accused of fraud and banned from the website. Dont give out your full name, either- keepyour last name private. Identity theft might be rare in such transactions, but its always better试卷第10页，共12页to be careful
16、.You might think many of these sound like common sense rules, and they are, but many first-time sellers naively forget to take precautions when selling their stuff online. At the end of the day, its up to you to decide the way in which you are comfortable with conducting business onlinc-but remember
17、 that a smart, prepared seller is a happy seller.七、汉译英（整句）.宿舍里空无一人却门户大开，要是进贼了可怎么办？（what if）（汉译英）51 .每个人都对小女孩用蜡笔画出的这精美的图案惊叹不已。（marvel）（汉译英）.碧空如洗的秋天是用望远镜观察这类老鹰习性的最好时节。（when）（汉译英）52 .儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔R举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明 一把钥匙。（asas）（汉译英）八、开放性作文53 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 wo
18、rds according to the instructions given below in Chinese.某英文网站刊登了一则征文广告如下：按照以上要求写一篇文章。Articles WantedThe most useful thing I have ever learnedWhat is the most useful things you have ever learned? Who did you learn it from? Why is it useful?Write us an essay to answer these questions.Well publish the
19、 best articles on our website.试卷第12页，共12页参考答案:1 . If #When 2. that#which 3. are offered #have been offered 4. should#must 5. what 6. unchecked 7. as 8. involves 9. being drawn 10. to seek【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新研究报道表明大学生情绪健康水平非常低，压力很大，作者 通过举例五个事实让大学生进一步了解压力。I.考查状语从句。句意：对那些把孩子送进大学的父母说，“这将是你生命中最美好的时光”， 再加上一句“如果
20、你能应对大学生活的压力的话”会更加合适。由句意可知，“These will be the best years of your lifb和you can handle the stress of college life” 之间构成条件关系或时间关 系，所以该空填连词if或when,空格位于对话的句首，首字母要大写，即If/When。故答 案为 If/When。2 .考查定语从句。句意：最新的一项研究表明，新生们的情绪健康水平处于1985年开始调 查以来的最低水平。分析句子结构，此处考查限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the latest research study,指物，在从句中作主语，所以填w
21、hich或that引导该定语从句。故答案为that/whicho 3.考查时态和语态。句意：在校期间，更多的学生从事兼职和接近全职的工作。毕业时， 只有29%的高年级学生得到了工作。由句意可知，此处“得到工作”可以表示客观事实，用一 般现在时，也可以表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时，表示已经得到， seniors和offer之间是被动关系，所以要用般现在时的被动或现在完成时的被动，即are offered / have been offered o 故答案为 are offered / have been offered o.考查情态动词。句意：让我展示五个事实，我相信每个大学
22、生都应该/必须了解压力。空 后是动词原形know,所以该空填情态动词，由句意可知，此处可以表示“应该”了解或“必须” 了解,所以填情态动词should / must故答案为should / must。4 .考查宾语从句。句意：压力导致大脑研究人员称之为的“皮层抑制分析句子结构，此 处考查宾语从句，从句中缺call的宾语，指物，所以填what来引导该宾语从句。故答案为 whato.考查形容词。句意：如果不加控制地承受任何压力，体内会发生许多事情，包括过早衰 老和能量消耗。分析句子结构，该空在句中作主语补足语成分，补充说明主语any amount of stress,此处用形容词unchecked
23、来作主补，表示“未经检查的，不受限制的。故答案为 uncheckedo5 .考查介词。句意：当你经常经历负面情绪和高压力时，你的大脑会将其视为正常状态。根据空前提示词recognizes可知,该空填介词as,构成短语recognizeas，表示将视为故答案为as。6 .考查时态。句意：一种技巧是放慢你的思维，慢慢呼吸，专注于你所感受到的积极感觉。 由句意可知，此处是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语One technique是单数，谓语动词 也要用其单数形式，即involves。故答案为involves。7 .考查非谓语。句意：最后，被你的学习吸引可以减轻压力。分析句子结构，该句子的谓 语动词是
24、can lessen,所以该空填非谓语动词，draw和后面的what you study构成被动关系， 所以此处要用动名词的被动，即being drawn来作主语。故答案为being drawno.考查非谓语。句意：芭芭拉弗雷德里克森是一位研究积极情绪重要性的国际权威专家， 她表示，人类天生就有寻求爱和快乐等积极情绪的基因。由句意可知，空后”10(seek) positive emotions such as love and joy”进一步修饰 了 humans are genetically programmed 所以 此处要用不定式，即to seek来作后置定语。故答案为to seek。
25、8 . I 12. C 13. F 14. A 15. G 16. D 17. B 18. E 19. H 20. J【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了百万富翁们能获得财富归结为六个“财富因素”：节俭、自 信、责任、计划、专注和社会冷漠。II .考查名词。句意：节俭并不令人感到意外。分析句子可知，空格处为介词as的宾语， 应使用名词表示“惊讶“，surprise符合句意。故选I项。9 .考查名词。句意：入不敷出，即支出而不是以期变得富有为退休支出而储蓄，会让你成 为薪水的奴隶。分析句子以及上文“Spending above your means”可知空格处为宾语补足语， 表示“使你成为奴隶”，应使
26、用名词做宾语补足语，slave符合句意。故选C项。10 .考查形容词。句意：为了合理地积累财富，专家建议你应该把收入的20%存起来，剩 卜,的80%用来生活。根据上文“experts recommend saving 20% your income”可知，空格处表示 的意思是“剩余的收入“，remaining “剩下的”符合句意。故选F项。11 .考查名词。句意：自信是另一个重要的特征，因为它帮助人们变得节俭。根据第一段“These were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, fbcus and social indiffer
27、ence”可知，空格处 讲的是“另一个重要的特征“，characteristic符合句意。故选A项。12 .考查副词。句意：适当的投资也需要信心。根据下文“Instead of making investing decisions 答案第2页，共13页 with your emotions, financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a long-term investment plan”可知投资必须适当，空格处为副词用作状语修饰动词 invest, properly符
28、合句意。故选G项。13 .考查动名词。句意:但如果不对结果负责，人们就无法投资或管理自己的资金。根据卜 文“Many millionaires take on personal responsibilityand most also happen to be self-made, meaning they didnt acquire their wealth through luck”可知,空格处表示承担责任accept responsibility作介词wilhoul的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故选D项。14 .考查动词。句意：富翁不指望其他任何人让他们变富，如果他们没有变富，他们也不会 责怪
29、其他任何人。根据上文“Millionaires dont count on anyone else to make them rich”可知， 百万富翁没有变富也不会责怪其他任何人。空格处为“责怪”，blame符合句意。故选B项。15 .考查形容词。句意：他们往往以目标为导向，努力工作，这使他们能够制定财务计划并 专注于实现这些计划。分析句子可知，空格处为表语表示“以目标为导向的，目标明确的”, oriented 以为方向的”符合句意。故选E项。16 .考查名词。句意：正是这些行为让他们很容易对社交漠不关心。根据上文“They tend to be goal-8 and hard worker
30、s, which enables them to plan financially and focus on seeing thoseplans through”可知百万富翁专注于实现这些计划从而忽略了社交，空格处总结的是百万富翁 们的专注的行为，behaviors符合句意。故选H项017 .考查动词。句意：他们抗拒生活方式的蠕变，即收入越高，支出就越多的倾向。根据下 文“Ihe tendency to spend more whenever one earns more”可知百万富翁们对这种生活方式是抵 制的，空格处为句子谓语部分表示“抵制”应使用动词resist，故选J项。18 . A 2
31、2. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为人类照明导致的光污染相关情况。21 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的好处伴随着被称为光污染的后果，科学家们现在才开始 研究光污染的影响。A. consequences 结果；B. achievemenls 成就；C. agreemenl 同意；D. circumstances情况。根据下文“light pollution （光污染）”可知，这是人类黑夜使用灯光造成的 结果。故选A项。22 .考查形容
32、词词义辨析。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的 答案第3页，共13页许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。A. Randomly-designed随意设计的；B. Well-designed 好好设计的；C. Poorly-designed 拙劣设计的；D. Economically-designed 经济实 惠设计的。根据上文“Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design.（光污染在很大 程度上是不良照明设计的结果）”可知，本文探讨的光污染与不良照明设计关系密切，即拙劣 设计的照明。故选C项。
33、23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许 多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。A. appealed呼吁；B. adapted使适应；C. objected 反对；D. amounted共计。根据上文“altering light levels and light rhythms （改变光线水平和光 线节奏）可推测，发生改变的是大家习以为常的光线水平和节奏，而动词搭配adapt t。意为 “使适应”，此处表示人们以及适应的光线水平和节奏被改变，符合语境。故选B项。24 .考杳动词短语辨析。句意：对于大多数人类历史而言，“光污染”这一短语毫无意义。A
34、. come under criticism 遭受批评；B. made no difference 没区别；C. come into effect 生效； D. made no sense 没意义。根据下文“Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was Earth、most populous city.（想象一下，大概在 1800 年，在一个月明的夜晚 走向伦敦这个地球上人口最多的城市）“可知，人类历史上很长一段时间大家并没意识到光污 染这件事情，因此“光污染”这一短语毫无意义。故选D项。2
35、5 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：近一百万人住在那里，像往常一样，凑合着使用蜡烛、火把 和灯笼。A. making do with 凑合着用;B. fed up with 使对厌烦；C. identifying with 认同；D. overflowing with充满。根据下文“Only a few houses were lit by gas （只有几所房子被煤气点 亮）“可知，许多家庭无法使用煤气灯，凑合使用蜡烛等照明。故选A项。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几英里之外，你更可能闻到伦敦的味道，而不是看到它暗 淡的集体光芒。A. visit参观；B. greet打招呼;C. feel感受
36、:D. smell闻。根据上文“candles, torches and lantenis （蜡烛、火把和灯笼）“和“gas （煤气）”可知，这些照明方式有很重的气味， 可能先闻到气味才能看见灯光。故选D项。27 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们点亮了夜晚，仿佛这是一个无人居住的国家。A. independent 独立的;B. disconnected 不连贯的;C. unoccupied 空置的；D. excluded 排除在外 的。 根据下文“Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a mag
37、net aUracting Ihem lo it.（光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它 们）“可知，因为照明的灯光，夜晚不再是原本意义上的夜晚，生物物种都被照明灯光吸引， 不在身处黑夜，故可将这样的夜晚比喻成没有物种，空置的地方。故选C项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种效应是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，鸣禽和海鸟被陆 地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器所捕获，数千只在空中盘旋，直到坠落。A. exposed 暴露；B. captured 捕获；C. dismissed 解雇;D. frustrated 使受挫。根据上文“Light is a powerf
38、ul biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it.（光是一种 强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们）”可知，这些鸣禽海鸟被陆 地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器产生的灯光吸引，最终掉落，可以比喻为被捕 获。故选B项。29 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的 夜空。A. clear 清楚的;B. comprehensive 全面的;C. traditional 传统的；D. critical 批评的。 根据上文“
39、It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers, who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity.（曾经有人认为光污染只会影响天文学家，他们需要看到夜 空的明亮）”可知，此处把天文学家和大多数普通人作对比，天文学家需要清晰的夜空，而普 通人不需要。故选A项。30 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，和大多数生物一样，我们的确需要黑暗。A. Subsequently 随后；B. However 然而；C. Therefore 因此；D. Simil
40、arly 相似地。根据上文“Unlike astronomers, most of us may not need a clear view of the night sky for our work.（与天文学家不同，我们大多 数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空户可知，这与下文“我们的确需要黑暗”形成转折关系。故 选B项。31 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:否认黑暗是无意义的。A. Reviewing复习；B. Embracing 抱；C. Denying 否认;D. Regulating 调节。根据下文“It is as essential to maintaining our biologica
41、l welfare as light itself （它对维持我们的生物福利和光本身一样重要）”可知，此处it 指代的“黑暗”本身对我们生物而言很重要，和光线一样必不可少，因此我们不能否认它。故 选C项。32 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：它就像光本身样，对维持我们的生物福利至关重要；改变 我们体内生物钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适。A. light光；B. rhythm 节奏;C. status身份;D. dawn黎明。根据上文“Denying darkness is pointless.（否认黑暗是无 意义的）”可知，前后两句在对比黑暗和光线，二者一样重要，空格处应该填ligh
42、t光。故选 A项。33 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：清醒和睡眠的规律对我们来说是如此的基本，以至于打乱它 们就像改变我们的重心。A. emerging from来自；B. withdrawing from从中退出；C.messing with 打乱；D. coinciding with 与 一致。根据上文“the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesnt operate as it should, causing various physical discomforts.（修改我们 内部时钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致
43、各种身体不适）”可知，修改内部时钟即意味着 打乱清醒和睡眠的节奏。故选C项。34 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在 宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬 拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。A. keep track of 了解的动态；B. lose sight of 看不见；C. catch hold of 抓住;D. let go of 放开。根据下文“our true place in the universe （我们在宇宙中的真实位置）”可知，位置是需要用眼睛看的，而光污染使我们看不清天空
44、， 故也看不见我们在宇宙中的位置。故选B项。35 .考杳动词词义辨析。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在 宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬 拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。A. measured衡量；B. neutralized使无效； C. undergone 经受;D. supervised 监督。根据上文“light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our
45、 being （光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的 真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模）“可知，此处所提到的“我们在宇宙中的真实位置”以 及“我们人类存在的规模“都是我们应该清楚的东西，而清楚的方式就是用黑夜来进行对比， 词组measure against意为“使相比较，衡最“符合语境。故选A项。36 . D 37. C 38. C 39. B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了 Smiley先生是一个奇怪的人，他对任何事情都喜 欢打赌，并从中赚钱，同时他也养了一条狗，这只狗亳无精神，但是只要提到钱它就会变的 不同，抓住另外一只狗的后腿，咬住不放，宜到赢得胜利。36 .细节理解题。根据第段中“B
46、ut any way, he was the strangest man. He was always making money on anything that turned up if he could get anybody to try to make money on the other side. （但无论如何，他是最奇怪的人。他总是在任何出现的事情上赚钱，只要他能让对方在事情 的另面赚钱。）以及And if he could not do that, he would change sidesanyway that suited the other man would suit
47、himanyway just as long as he got a bet. he was satisfied.（如果他不能 做到这一点，他无论如何都会改变立场，只要他下注，他就会满意。户可知，Smiley总是愿 意在任何事情上下注。故选D。37 .推理判断题 c 根据第二段中“Parson Walers wife was very sick once, for a long time, and it seemed as if they were not going to save her. But one morning he came in, and Smiley asked him h
48、ow was his wife, and he said she was better, thank God. And Smiley, before he thought, says, 44Well, I will risk my money she will not get well.（Parson Waler 的妻子有一次病得很重，病 了 很长一段时间，似乎他们无法救她。但有一天早上，他进来了，Smiley问他妻子怎么样了， 他说她好多了，谢天谢地。Smiley还没想，就说：“好吧，我会拿我的钱冒险，她不会好的）“ 可知，Smiley拿Parson Waler病情来打赌，表现出他总是标新立
49、异。故选C。38 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“But as soon as, money was up on him, he was a different dog. Another dog might attack and throw him around two or three times. Then all of a sudden Smileys dog would grab that other dog by the back leg and freeze to it till the men said it was over. （0* 旦提及到钱，它就变成了另一条狗。另一只狗可能会攻击它，并把它扔了两三次。然后突然 间，Smiley的狗会抓住另一只狗的后腿，然后停在那里，直到人们说这一切都结束了。Y 可知，Smiley的狗