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1、2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选精选03酷热天气的影响及应对热点介绍今年7月以来，受持续高温天气影响，四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出现不同程 度旱情，对农业生产和饮水安全造成一定影响。目前，长江流域多省市都陆续启动相应级别的抗旱应急响 应。根据气象水文预测，长江流域大局部地区将持续高温少雨天气。6月中旬以来，长江流域降水由偏多转为偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是长 江下游干流及鄱阳湖水系偏少5成左右，为近10年同期最少。长江委水文局长江水文情报预报中心水情室主任张俊：当前，由于来水偏少，长江上游大局部控制性 水库蓄水量偏少，长江中下游干流水位也呈持
2、续消退态势，较历史同期大幅偏低，如汉口、大通等主要站 水位当前偏低56米。据预测，8月中下旬长江流域降水仍将偏少，其中长江中下游干流南部将明显偏少。鉴于当前旱情，水利部长江委要求流域相关省市做好旱情监测，及时发布预警，抓紧修订完善应急水 量调度方案，有序做好抗旱水源储藏，同时强化水资源统一调度，加强水利工程和供水设施运行管护和排 查，做好抗旱应急物资和队伍准备。据气象水文预测，未来周，包括湖北在内的长江中下游地区可能出现夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引 调水工程正全线发力、抗击旱情。目前，湖北全省约20%的地区出现了气象干旱，湖北省水利部门除了调 度水库、泵站放水，还充分运用鄂北水资源配置工程抗旱。
3、湖北省水利厅鄂北局调度运行部主任何永煜： 目前整个调水量已经到达了 1.26亿立方米，主要是向襄州、枣阳、广水这些县市进行供水。鄂北水资源配 置工程是国家172项节水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全线试运行。截至目前，已保障了从十堰丹江 口到孝感大悟56万多人的饮用水以及沿线52.5万亩农田灌溉用水。位于荆州市的引江济汉工程也正加大调 水力度，守护“湖北粮仓”。目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引调水近2亿立方米，其中沿长江、汉江泵站日均 引水5700万立方米。按照先生活、后生产、再生态的原那么，千方百计满足群众生活饮水和农业灌溉用水需 求。自7月4日以来，重庆持续高温，多地气温达40摄氏度以上，导致
4、重庆33个区县土壤干旱，当地多 措并举抗旱保供水。在重庆永川区五间镇，持续的高温给当地3000多亩蔬菜带来了不利影响。当地通过微 灌、微喷、遮阳网等设备，对蔬菜增湿、降温，改善田间小气候。在秀山县龙凤坝镇小兰村，多个饮用水 源点断流，当地采取上游水库放水、组织群众寻找新水源点和组织义务送水队送水等方式，多措并举解决 there could be for emissions reduction. So All the governments should make a broader move to increase investment in adaptation. More such eff
5、orts are vital.13. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?A. The weather will become better in the future.B. The earth in the pre-industrial days was warmer.C. Bad weather is often caused by greenhouse gases.D. The appearance of bad weather is always expected.14. What will happen if the temperature rise
6、s by 3 above pre-industrial levels?A. Crops will fail a little now and a little then.B. The melting ice will cause a sharp rise in sea level.C. People can still make a living by relying on coral reefs.D. It will be too hot for people to work outdoors all over the world.15. What can we learn from the
7、 passage?A. None of the investment money comes from the nation.B. The disasters would be avoided if the 2 goal could be met.C. When a country invests in flood defenses, its own citizens benefits most.D. All the countries are trying to avoid the worst result by reducing the emission.16. Whats the mai
8、n purpose of the passage?A. To analyse the possibility of meeting the 2 goal.B. To introduce a new method to study greenhouse-gas emissions.C. To assess the consequences of cutting greenhouse-gas emissions.D. To call each country government to raise investment in adaptation.【答案】13.C 14. B 15.C 16. D
9、【解析】本文为说明文。由于温室气体的排放导致地球温度上升，全球气候变暖引起恶劣天气频发，农业 歉收，珊瑚礁消失，海平面上升等自然灾害。但是仅仅是减少温室气体的排放是不够的，因此，各国政府 急需投入力量去适应不断变化的气候。13 .推理判断题。根据第一段Greenhouse-gas emissions have produced the planet more than 1 (1.8F) warmer than it was in the pre-industrial days. Its atmosphere is producing heavy weather in ways both pre
10、dicted and surprising. And, with emissions continuing, it will get worse.(温室气体的排放使地球温度比工业化前高出1 摄氏度（L8华氏度）。它的大气层正在以既能预测到又令人惊讶的方式产生恶劣天气。而且，随着排放的持 续，情况会变得更糟。）可知，温室气体的排放导致地球温度上升，地球温度上升导致恶劣天气出现，所以 恶劣天气是由温室气体产生的。应选C。14 .细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland will shrink past the point of no
11、return, promising sea rises measured not in millimetres, as today*s are, but in metres.（南极洲和格陵兰岛冰川的减少将 会超过了极限点，海平面上升不是以毫米为单位，而是以米为单位。）可知，如果气温比工业化前水平上升 3摄氏度，融化的冰会导致海平面急剧上升。应选B。15 .细节理解题。根据第四段“When a country invests in flood defenses, it benefits its own citizens above all others.（当一个国家在防洪方面投资时，它对本国公民
12、的好处超过了其他所有人）可知，当一个国家投资 防洪，这个国家的公民受益最多。应选C。16 .推理判断题。根据最后一段So All the governments should make a broader move to increase investment in ad叩tation. More such efforts are vital. （因此，所有的政府都应该采取更广泛的行动，增加对适应气候变化 的投资。更多这样的努力至关重要）再根据全文介绍了由于温室气体的排放导致地球温度上升，全球气候 变暖引起恶劣天气频发，农业歉收，珊瑚礁消失，海平面上升等自然灾害。但是仅仅是减少温室气体的排 放
13、是不够的，因此，各国政府急需投入力量去适应不断变化的气候。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁各 国政府增加对适应气候变化的投资。应选D。5（2022四川省开江中学高三开学考试）Keeping cool in warm weather is a challenge. Risks of getting too hot in warm weather include a variety of heat-related illnesses. Keeping your body cool will also help to keep your mood calm too, for heat often ca
14、uses feelings of stress and frustration. There are lots of simple and effective ways to stay cool in warm weather. 17Dont wait until youre thirsty to drink. Drink plenty of water before take part in any activities. Water is essential for keeping you cool during hot weather. Water should be drunk eve
15、n if you dont feel thirsty. 18;they decrease the ability of your body to store water. Also, keep away from alcoholic drinks and coffee.19. Find foods that dont need to be cooked, or dont need heat to be cooked. If you must actuallycook, keep the cool air in, and the temperature down, by using the mi
16、crowave instead of the stove or oven. For example, you can microwave frozen vegetables and canned soup instead of cooking them on the stove top.Wear sunscreen. Its best to limit your sun exposure between the hours of 10 a.m.and 4 p.m.each day during warmer months. When you are outside during these t
17、imes, protect yourself well. 20Wear lighter clothing. Lightweight, loose-fitting clothing will help to keep you cooler. If it is light in color, its even better, as this will reflect the heat and sunlight better. 21 Something that lets the air flow freely through,hitting the sweat on your body, work
18、s best.A. Stay out of the sunMake food without using the stoveB. Besides, most of them are very affordableShorts and short-sleeved shirts are good choicesC. However, stay away from sugary drinks such as sodasOne shoe could be more comfortable or appropriate than anotherD. While sunscreen doesn*t hav
19、e a cooling effect, its protective effect is vital【答案】17.C 18. E 19. B 20. G 21. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在温暖的天气里，有助于保持凉爽的几个简单有效的方法。17 .根据空前“There are lots of simple and effective ways to stay cool in warm weather.（有很多简单有效的方法 可以让你在温暖的天气里保持凉爽。厂可知，此处提到有很多简单实用的方法保持清凉。C选项“Besides, most of them are very afford
20、able.（它们中的大多数都不贵广，中的most of them指代的是前文的很多简单的方法， 符合语境，语意连贯，前后文是递进关系。应选C。18 .根据空前“Water should be drunk even if you don* feel thirsty.（即使你不觉得渴，也应该喝水。）”可知，此 处强调要多喝水。根据空后“they decrease the ability of your body to store water. Also, keep away from alcoholic drinks and coffee.（它们会降低你身体储存水分的能力。此外，远离含酒精的饮料和
21、咖啡。户可知，下文讲述 了喝水需要注意的事情，含酒精的饮料和咖啡损害你身体的储水能力。故设空处应该与前文构成转折关系。 E选项“However, stay away from sugary drinks such as sodas.（然而，远离含糖饮料，如苏打水）”，强调不要喝含 糖饮料，符合语境，语意连贯，与下文是并列关系，下文的they指代“sugary drinks”。应选E。19 .空处是段落标题。根据空后“Find foods that dont need to be cooked, or dont need heat to be cooked.（找到 不需要烹饪的食物，或者不需要加
22、热烹饪的食物。户可知，本段建议吃不需要加热就可以烹饪的食物。B选 项“Make food without using the stove.（不用炉子做饭厂适合作本段的主题句，下文对其进行解释。应选B。20 .根据段落标题“Wear sunscreen.（涂防晒霜）以及空前Its best to limit your sun exposure between the hours of 10 a.m.and 4 p.m.each day during warmer months. When you are outside during these times, protect yourself w
23、ell.（在温暖的月份，在上午10点到下午4点之间不要被太阳晒是最好的。当你在这些时间外出时，要保护 好自己。户可知，此处强调在阳光较强的时候外出不要忘记保护自己，要涂防晒霜。此处强调的是涂防哂霜 所起到的作用。G 选项“While sunscreen doesn*t have a cooling effect, its protective effect is vitaL（虽然防晒霜没 有降温作用，但它的保护作用至关重要广与前文呼应，G项中的sunscreen与本段呼应。应选G。21 .根据本前文Wear lighter clothing. Lightweight, loose-fittin
24、g clothing will help to keep you cooler,（穿轻的衣 服。轻便、宽松的衣服会让你更凉爽。户可知，本段强调的是穿一些轻薄的衣服。因此D选项“Shorts and short-sleeved shirts are good choices.（短裤和短袖衬衫都是不错的选择广，与此呼应，符合语境。应选D。 二、完形填空1（2023江苏苏州高三开学考试）My running coach McGarry taught us we could always withstand （承受） more. It wasn*t until much later that I 22
25、 all that he meant.An accident had left him in a 23. What he always said when we seemed 24 to continue wasnYou can always withstand more.I headed for college in northern New England. Then I went to work in Rwanda, land of a thousand hills. Working there was a great 25 for me because I was a flatland
26、er （平地居民）.Over the years it was running that 26 me.For years Pd planned to write to Mr. McGarry and thank him for his 27 impact on my life. But the incidents in my daily life 28 me. One day, word came that he had died unexpectedly. 29 the sad news 30 for me his encouragement to dig deeper within our
27、selves.Three years ago, caught in a 31 in my life, I flew to Greenland. Greenland was facing a severe crisis: climate change is destroying traditional livelihood of a population so 32 on ice for survival and communities have to create a new way of life.I started a run on the hills of Greenlands capi
28、tal. Cold rain pattered on my arms. Thats when I was 33 by another more important lesson Mr. McGarry had taught me. I realized that he was training us to change our lives, to turn over a new 34 .A disastrous injury had 35 him unable to run, but he 36 to influence another generation of runners as a c
29、oach.22. A. heldB. rememberedC. graspedD. rejected23. A. nurseryB. bedC. carD. wheelchair24. A. unableB. unconsciousC. unhealthyD. unfortunate25. A. bonusB. challengeC. blessingD. gain26. A. disappointedB. blockedC. sustainedD.opposed27. A. positiveB. negativeC. enthusiasticD. pessimistic28. A. insp
30、iredB. arrestedC. hiredD. stopped29. A. YetB. ThusC. EvenD. Or30. A. recalledB. reviewedC. reformedD. reflected31. A. stageB. stateC. dilemmaD. situation32. A. focusedB. dependentC. basedD. keen33. A. impressedB. cheatedC. beatenD. struck34. A. leafB. periodC. statusD. label35. A. pushedB. foundC. l
31、eftD. proved36. A. happenedB. failedC. promisedD. managed【答案】22. C 23. D 24. A25. B 26. C 27. A28. D 29. A 30. A31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过跑步教练Mr. McGary的经历和我的生活态度，表达了跑步教练Mr. McGary给我带来的深远影响，以及我的感悟。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到很久以后，我才完全理解了他的意思。A. held抓住；持有；B. remembered 记起；C. grasped 理解；
32、D. rejected 拒绝。前文提到“My running coach McGarry taught us we could always withstand （承受）more.（我的跑步教练McGary告诉我们，我们总是可以承受更多）”这是教练教给我们的道 理，但很久之后“我”才能领悟一二。应选C。23 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次事故使他坐上了轮椅。A. nursery托儿所;B. bed床;C.car车;D. wheelchair 轮椅。最后一段倒数第三行提到“unable t。run”（无法奔跑），由此判断，一场事故让他坐上了轮椅，无法再 奔跑。应选D。24 .考查形容词词义辨析。
33、句意：当我们似乎无法继续的时候，他总是说:“你总是可以承受更多。A. unable 不能；B. unconscious 无意识的；C. unhealthy 不健康的；D. unfortunate 不幸的。后文提至！JYou can always withstand more.（你总是可以承受更多。）”由此判断，McGary教练应该是在我们快要坚持不下去的时候对 我们进行这样的鼓励，鼓励我们继续坚持。应选A。25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作对我来说是一个巨大的挑战，因为我是一个平地居民。A. bonus 奖励；B. challenge 挑战；C. blessing 祝福；D. gain
34、 收获。前文提到I went to work in Rwanda, land of a thousandhills.（我去了卢旺达工作，那里群山遍布。）”而后文提到“I wasaflatlander （我是一个平地居民） 由此 判断，一个生活在平地的人要去山区工作，肯定会有很多不适应的地方，因此这对于“我”而言是一项挑战。 应选B。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，是跑步一直支撑着我。A. disappointed使失望；B. blocked封锁； C. sustained 支持；支撑；D. opposed 对抗。前文提至Working there was a great 4 for m
35、e because Iwas a flatlander.（去群山遍布的卢旺达工作对于我一个生活在平地的人来讲是一个巨大的挑战。）“同时我的 跑步教练也告诉我们“You can always withstand more.（你总是可以承受更多。）”由此判断，在具有挑战性的 地方工作时，是跑步一直支撑着“我应选C。27 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直打算给McGary教练写信，感谢他对我生活的积极影响。 A. positive 积极的；B. negative 消极的；C. enthusiastic 热情的；D. pessimistic 悲观的。前文提至Over the years it
36、 was running that 5 me.（这么多年，是跑步一直支撑着我。）”由此判断，“我”多年来跑步的 习惯正是源于McGary教练对“我”的积极的影响。应选A。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我日常生活中的一些小事阻止了我。A. inspired激发；激励；B. arrested 逮捕；C. hired 租用；D. stopped 阻止。前文提到“For years Fd planned to write to Mr. McGarry （多年来,我一 直打算给McGary教练写信）”根据前文中的But （但是）可知，此处表示相反的情况，由此判断，因为日 常小事的阻碍，“我”并没有给
37、教练写信。应选D。29 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个不幸的消息让我想起他鼓励我深入挖掘自己的内心。A. Yet然而； B. Thus 因此；C. Even 甚至；D. Or 或者。前文提到One day, word came that he had died unexpectedly.（有一 天，有消息说他意外去世了。）“，他意外去世的消息与“他鼓励我深入挖掘自己的内心”构成了转折关系。故 选Ao.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，这个不幸的消息让我想起他鼓励我深入挖掘自己的内心。A. recalled 回想起；B. reviewed 复习；C. reformed 改革；D. reflec
38、ted 反射。前文提到What he always said when we seemed 3 to continue was nYou can always withstand lTlore. （当我们似乎无法继续的时候，他总是说:你总是可 以承受更多。这是教练当时对我们的鼓励，在教练去世后“我”又回想了起来。应选A。30 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：三年前，我陷入了人生的两难境地，我飞到了格陵兰岛。A. stage阶段；B. state 状况；C.dilemma窘境；D.situation情况。后文提到“Greenland was facing a severe crisis （格陵兰岛正面
39、临着 一场严重的危机），同时，“我到达格陵兰岛之后面临着一种情况：communities have to create a new way of life.（社区必须创造一种新的生活方式。）”这对于“我而言是一种进退两难的困境。应选C。31 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格陵兰岛正面临着一场严重的危机：气候变化正在摧毁一个依赖冰生存的 人口的传统生计，社区必须创造一种新的生活方式。A. focused专注的；B. dependent依赖的；C.based为基 础的；D. keen 渴望的；热衷的。后文提至for survival”（为了生存）和“and communities have to c
40、reate a new way of life.（社区必须创造一种新的生活方式）”,由此判断，当地人传统生活方式应该是依靠冰生存， dependent on意为“依赖于；依靠”。应选B。32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：那就是我突然想到另一个重要的一课的时候。A. impressed留下印象;B. cheated 欺骗；C. beaten 打败；D. struck 突然想到。后文提至 realized that he was training us to change ourlives （我 意识到他是在教我们改变自己的生活）”，由此判断，当“我”在格陵兰岛首都的山上跑步的时候，“我”想到 了教
41、练教给我们另一个道理。应选D。33 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到他在训练我们改变生活，翻开新的一页。A. leaf叶子；书页；B. period 时期；C. status身份；情形；D. label标签。根据前文内容可知，作者在三年前去到格陵兰岛，这对于作者 而言是新生活的开始，这是人生旅程中崭新的一页。应选A。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场灾难性的受伤让他无法跑步，但作为一名教练，他成功地影响了另一代 跑步者。A. pushed推；B. found发现；C. left使处于；D. proved证明。分析句子可知，此处是“动词+宾语+ 宾补的结构，此处表示一场灾难性的受伤使教练处于
42、不好的结果。应选C。35 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场灾难性的受伤让他无法跑步，但作为一名教练，他成功地影响了另一代 跑步者。A. happened发生；B.failed失败;C. promised容许；D. managed设法做到。前文提到“Adisastrous injury had 14 him unable to run （一场灾难性的受伤让他无法跑步）”，后文提到“influence another generation of runners as a coach.（影响了另一代跑步者）”由此判断，虽然教练身体上残疾了，但还是 能够用自己的精神影响更多的跑步者。manage to
43、do sth.成功做某事”。应选D。2（2022贵州贵阳三模）Madhavan stood proudly next to a young mahogany （红木）tree. Ifs one of 100 he planted on his 37 in Meenangadi. His two 38 of land in the village are used to plant 39crops-coffee, black pepper and betel nut, but the worsening environment has 40 hisproduction.Now the mahog
44、any 41 is one of his only reliable sources of income, 42 him up to 5,000 rupees （卢 比）a year-and all he has to do is to keep the 43 standing.The 84-year-old 44 is being paid to plant and 45 trees through a tree banking program, which 46 to create Indias first carbon-neutral （碳中和）village by 2025.Madha
45、van got his saplings （树苗）47 from the village council （村委会），which will lend him 50rupees per 48 for every year if he does not 49 it down until 2031. At that point, the loan iswritten off （笔勾销）and he can do what he likes with the trees without 50 back, including cuttingthem to 51 and make money.“Every
46、 morning, I spend some time 52 these trees. I am really happy to say that except for threewhich died 53，all are steadfastly growing/9 Madhavan said, Sooner or later, my farm will become asmall 54 filled with greenery.”The tree-banking project gives farmers an ongoing 55 to protect trees so as to mak
47、e the climatebetter, said Jayakumar, director of the carbon-neutral program. The message here is that climate 56 isbeing linked with climate justice （气关正义）,he said.37. A. travelB. rightC. wayD. farm38. A. kingdomsB. acresC. inchesD. tons39. A. rareB. beautifulC. healthyD. commercial40. A. stimulated
48、B. increasedC. loweredD. started41. A. plantingB. cuttingC. collectingD. renting42. A. wakingB. earningC. sellingD. saving43. A. treesB. villagersC.rupeesD. crops44. A. driverB. teacherC. farmerD. worker45. A. changeB. purchaseC. protectD. remove46. A. refusedB. hesitatedC. pretendedD. aimed47. A. in panicB. for sureC. in reliefD. for free48. A. personB. familyC. treeD. day49. A. writeB. cutC. rollD. bring50. A. payi