《职称英语考试辅导:阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《职称英语考试辅导:阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧.pdf(3页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、-职称英语考试辅导:阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧职称英语考试辅导:阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧专业技术人员以英语为工具,主要通过阅读获取相关学科和专业的信息,因此,全国专业技术职称英语等级考试也主要是考阅读理解。从考试题型来看,主要是多项选择题。该题型在职称英语等级考试中占 15 题,45 分占总分的45%。另外,全国专业技术职称英语等级考试中还采用了阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、补全短文和选择填空等题型,它们实质上也是考核阅读能力的题型。由此可见,为了通过全国专业技术职称英语等级考试,必须掌握最根本的阅读技能,努力提高阅读理解能力。全国职称英语等级职业培训教育网纲就阅读理解能力的考核目标作了如下
2、规定:读者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面:1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;3.利用上下文猜想*些词汇和短语的意义;4.既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的意义关系;5.根据所读材料进展判断和推论;6.领会作者的观点、意图和态度。根据职业培训教育网纲规定的考核目标,我们归纳出相应的六种阅读理解题的类型,并具体地探讨如何答好这些阅读理解题。1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意掌握所读材料的主旨和大意是正确理解全文的关键。对主题思想的提问是阅读理解测试的必考题。但提问方式及用词都有差异,这类题常见提问方式
3、可归纳如下:1.The main idea of this passage is _2.This passage tells us_3.Which of the following statements best e*presses the main idea of the passage.4.Which of the following sentences best summarizes the authors main point.5.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage.6.The subject matt
4、er of this selection is _7.The passage mainly discusses_8.This passage illustrates _9.This paragraph centers/focuses on _10.This passage mainly deals with _11.This passage is chiefly concerned with _12.The authors purpose in writing this passage is _13.What is the passage mainly about.14.What is the
5、 best title of the passage.15.The major point discussed in the passage is解答这一类题目的根本方法如下:A.找出主题句。首先要读标题,因为标题往往是主题句中的核心词或概括性的词。抓住全文中心思想的最快捷的途径就是找出主题句。主题句一般位于文章或段落的开场,然后围绕主题展开论述。因为许多作者喜欢采用从一般到个别的论证或表达方式,即演绎法deduction。这是一种很常见的文章或段落的写作形式。假设作者采用归纳法 induction,即从个别到一般来论证或表达,主题旬就会位于段末。除此之外,主题句还有可能位于段落的中间。找到主
6、题句后,就应以它为标准,在解题时,但凡与主题句意思最接近的选项必然是正确的答案。例 1In rock music there is a distinct and almost overwhelming beat.No single beat is characteristic of the.z.-music today.But each song has an easily recognizable rhythm.As you listen to a son9,your foot usually startsto pick up the beat.Before lon9,your entire
7、 body seems to be moving with it.Your head pounds with the beat,and there is no room for thought.Only the surge of the music is important.In its own way,rock music is asdominant as the rock Gibraltar.Its message is an evergrowing emotional one.在这一段文章中“In rock music there is a distinct and almost ove
8、rwhelming beat.为主题句。beat则是句子的信息核心。该词在第 2、4、6 句里重复出现,而第 3 句中的“rhythm节奏跟“beat强烈的节奏意思根本一致,这就保证了主题平稳而持续的开展。请注意:第 8、9 句作者重申并总结了主题句,而不是说段末是主题句。2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节为了准确理解每篇文章或每段文章的中心思想,我们必须要找到与中心思想有关的事实和细节。一个好的作者必然会引用事实、或分析原因、或比照事物间的关系等以论证自己的论点。常用以提问这类事实和细节的问题有两种。一种是要求找出文章中的重要事实或细节,这些常与 wh0,when,where,which 或 wh
9、y 有关。另一种问题是识别哪些细节在文章中没被提及。这些问题常有e*cept,notmentioned/true,least 等。例如:1.What causes.2.Some people do sth.because_3.Sb.is because _.4.Why does the author mention.5.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.6.Where in the passage does the author describe.7.Which of the following does
10、 the author want to illustrate in discussing.8.What time does the writer think is.9.What does the author pay least attention to.10.Which of the following is not a result of _.11.All of the following may be e*cept _.12.Which of the following is not mentioned.13.Which of the following statements is tr
11、ue.14.The author states all of the items listed e*cept_.为了正确答复这一类题目,读者往往要采用各种阅读方法和解题技巧,也就是综合解题法。在通读全文、掌握文章的中心大意的根底上,首先要仔细看懂问题,明确问的是什么,然后按照题意进展寻读,找到正确答案的根据。7.Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing.8.What time does the writer think is.9.What does the author pay least a
12、ttention to.10.Which of the following is not a result of _.11.All of the following may be e*cept _.12.Which of the following is not mentioned.13.Which of the following statements is true.14.The author states all of the items listed e*cept_.为了正确答复这一类题目,读者往往要采用各种阅读方法和解题技巧,也就是综合解题法。在通读全文、掌握文章的中心大意的根底上,
13、首先要仔细看懂问题,明确问的是什么,然后按照题意进展寻读,找到正确答案的根据。3.根据上下文判断*些词汇和短语的意义在阅读理解测试中必然要考察对词或词组的意思的理解。这也是测试考生阅读能力的一种方法。在.z.-完整的语篇中,单词和词组的意义总是受特定的情景、上下文所限制的,因此可以根据上下文,并利用所掌握的句法、构词法和词汇等知识确定它们的意义。掌握这一根本技能不仅能帮助读者从词或词组的多种义项中选择符合上下文的解释,而且往往还能推测*些生词的大致意思。常见的这类题型有:1.The word“in line refers to _.2.The e*pression“line paragraph
14、 is closest in meaning to3.In line,the word“most probably means _4.In line,the word“could best be replaced by _5.By“the author means _6.The word“,as used by the author,most nearly means _7.In this passage,the word“means8.“in the conte*t of the passage refers to._9.“,as used in the passage,can best b
15、e defined as _4.既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的意义关系阅读理解不能仅仅停留在句子水平上。有的读者对一篇文章的一些个别句子好似是理解的,但由于不能理解它们与上下文中其他句子的逻辑关系,因而整篇文章讲的是什么则不能准确掌握。在阅读理解测试中,考核这一阅读技能的题目是大量的,而且题干的形式和措词没有固定形式,但从考核目标和内容来看,这一类题目往往要求读者准确理解一些有关联的句子之间的种种逻辑关系例如概括和举例说明、前因后果、行为动机、比拟、条件或让步等。例如:1.Which of the following may cause/lead to according to th
16、e passage.2.Sb.is asked/advised to do sth.Because _.3.The aim of is/was _.4.The best solution for seems to be _5.is specifically mentioned in paragraph as an e*ample of _.6.The author argues that a teachers chief concern should be _7.According to the passage/author,people differ in their opinions ab
17、out.8.encourages the use of sth.so that _9.According to the passage the new device proved to be _10.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of .5.根据所读材料进展一定的判断和推论判断和推理的能力对深刻理解一篇文章十分重要。特别是对理解作者字里行间的言外之意以及作者的观点、写作意图和态度十分重要。所以这也是阅读理解测试中常见的题目内容。这类题常要求考生推断文章的含义和引申意思;根据文章所提供的局部信息或文章的含义进
18、展归纳;判断所节选文章的*一局部的内容要点;有时甚至要求推断作者的身分。下面是判断、推理的一些常见的表达方式:1.What is implied in the sentences .2.It is implied in the passage that3.The passage implies/suggests that4.It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that5.Which of the following can be inferred from this passage.6.Which of the following can be concluded from this passage.z.