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1、-RatiosRatiosProfitability ratiosProfitability ratiosProfitability ratios measure the firms use of its assets and control of its e*penses to generate an acceptable rate of return.Gross margin,Gross profit margin or Gross Profit RateOROperating margin,Operating Ine Margin,Operating profit margin or R
2、eturn on sales(ROS)Note:Operating ine is the difference between operating revenues and operating e*penses,but it is also sometimesused as a synonym for EBIT and operating profit.10 This is true if the firm has no non-operating ine.(Earningsbefore interest and ta*es/Sales)Profit margin,net margin or
3、net profit marginReturn on equity(ROE)Return on investment(ROI ratio or Du Pont ratio)Return on assets(ROA)Return on assets Du Pont(ROA Du Pont)Return on Equity Du Pont(ROE Du Pont)Return on net assets(RONA)Return on capital(ROC)Risk adjusted return on capital(RAROC)ORReturn on capital employed(ROCE
4、)Note:this is somewhat similar to(ROI),which calculates Net Ine per Owners EquityCash flow return on investment(CFROI).z.-Efficiency ratioNet gearingLiquidity ratiosLiquidity ratiosLiquidity ratios measure the availability of cash to pay debt.Current ratioAcid-test ratio(Quick ratio)17Operation cash
5、 flow ratioActivity ratiosActivity ratiosActivity ratios measure the effectiveness of the firms use of resources.Average collection periodDegree of Operating Leverage(DOL)DSO RatioAverage payment periodAsset turnoverInventory turnover ratioReceivables Turnover RatioInventory conversion ratioInventor
6、y conversion periodReceivables conversion periodPayables conversion period.z.-Cash Conversion CycleInventory Conversion Period+Receivables Conversion Period-Payables Conversion PeriodDebt ratios(leveraging ratios)Debt ratios(leveraging ratios)Debt ratios measure the firms ability to repay long-term
7、debt.Debt ratios measure financial leverage.Debt ratioDebt to equity ratioLong-term Debt to equity(LT Debt to Equity)Times interest-earned ratioORDebt service coverage ratioMarket ratiosMarket ratiosMarket ratios measure investor response to owning a panys stock and also the cost of issuing stock.Ea
8、rnings per share(EPS)Payout ratioORDividend cover(the inverse of Payout Ratio)P/E ratioDividend yieldCash flow ratio or Price/cash flow ratioPrice to book value ratio(P/B or PBV).z.-Price/sales ratioPEG ratioOther Market RatiosEV/EBITDAEV/SalesCost/Ine ratioSector-specific ratiosEV/capacityEV/output.z.