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1、英语20132013年试题四川大学20132013 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题I.ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach):I.ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach):Direction:Direction:Read the following six passages.Answer the questions below each passage bychoosing A,B,C or D,Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.PassageOnePassageOneOver th
2、e past several decades,the U.S.,Canada,and Europe have received a great deal ofmedia and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries.Theseinclude UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with nonhuman creatures such as Bigfoot andthe Loch Ness monster.Only recently has Lati
3、n America begun to receive some attention as well.Although the mysteries of the Aztec,Mayan,and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries,now the public is also becoming aware of unusual,paranormal phenomena in countries such asPeru.The Nazca lines of Peru Were discovered in the 1930s.These l
4、ines are deeply carved into afiat,stony plain,and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds,a monkey,and alizard.Seen at ground level,the designs area jumbled senseless mess.The images are so large thatthey can only be viewed ata height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft Yet the
5、re were noaircraft in 300 B.C.,when it is judged the designs were made.Nor were there then,or are therenow,any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them.So how and why did the nativepeople of Nazca create these marvelous designs?One answer appeared in 1969,when the Germanresearcher,and writer E
6、rich yon Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials asrunways for their aircraft.The scientific community did not take long to scoffat and abandon yonDanikens theory.Over the years several other theories have been put forth,but none has beenaccepted by the scientific community.T
7、oday there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines.It is a direct result of thecreation of the Internet.Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from LatinAmericas past,and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chatrooms.Will the Intem
8、et help explain these:unsolved mysteries?Perhaps it is a step in the rightdirection.1Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C Public interest usually focuses on No
9、rth America and EuropeD Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.2According to the passage,the Nasa lines were found_A in mountains B in stones C on animals D on a plain3We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen,the_ the images theypresent.A smaller B larger C cleare
10、r D brighter4There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of_.A the participation of scientistsB the emergence of the IntemetC the birth of new theoriesD the interest in the Intemet5The author is _ about the role of the Intemet in solving mysteries.A cautious B pessimistic C
11、uncertain D optimisticPassage TwoSocial circumstances in Early Modem England mostly served to repress womens voices.Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste,silent,obedient,and subordinate.At the beginning of 17th century,the ideology of patriarchy,political absolutism,and gen
12、derhierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The.Trew Law of Free Monarchie andthe Basilikon Doron;by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seento be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family.Accordingly,a womans sub
13、jection,first to her father and then to her husband,imaged thesubjection of English people to their monarch,and of all Christians to God.Also,the period sawan outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons,tracts,and plays,detailing womensphysical and mental defects,spiritual evils,rebelliou
14、sness,shrewishness,and natural inferiority tomen.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women.During the Elizabethanera(1558-1603)the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen,who provided an impressivefemale example though she left scant cultural space for other women Elizabethan
15、 women writersbegan to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation.In the 17th century,however,various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers.For onething,some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities-mothers anddaughters,exten
16、ded kinship networks,close female friends,the separate court of Queen Anne(King Jamess Consort)and her often oppositional masques and political activities.For another,most of these women had a reasonably good education(modem.languages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionally Latin)and some app
17、arently found in romances and histories moreexpansive terms for imagining womens lives.Also,representation of vigorous and rebelliousfemale characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine anymonolithic social construct of womens nature and role.Most important,perhap
18、s,was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence onevery Christians immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or herindividual conscience.There is plenty of support in St Pauls epistles and elsewhere in the Biblefor patriarchy and a wifes subjection to
19、 her husband,but some texts(notably Galatians 3:28)inscribe a very different politics,promoting womens spiritual equality:There is neither Jew norGreek,there is neither bond nor free,there is neither male nor female:for ye are all one in JesusChrist.Such texts encouraged some women to claim the supp
20、ort of God the supreme patriarchagainst the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his Stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience.English womenthroughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of actual power:as managers of estates in their
21、husbands absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions;as members of guilds;aswives and mothers who sometimes dominated their men by sheer force of personality or outrightdefiance.Their power reached its apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum(1640-60)as the execution of the Kin
22、g and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women-toseize new roles-as preachers,as prophetesses,as deputies for exiled royalist husbands,as writersof religious and political tracts.6What is the best title for this passage?A Womens Position in the 17th Century.B Womens Subjection t
23、o Patriarchy.C Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.D Womens Objection in the 17th Century.7What did the Queen Elizabeth do-for the women in culture?A She set an impressive female example to follow.B She dominated the culture.C She did little.D She allowed Women to translate something.8Which of
24、the following is Not mentioned as a reason to enable women to original texts?A Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.B Queen Annes political activities.C Most women had a good education.D Queen Elizabeths political activities.9What did the religion do for the women?A It did no
25、thing.B It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.C It supported women.D It appealed to the God.10What does the word apex mean in the last paragraph?A the lowest point B the endC ultimate D summitPassage ThreeI am afraid to sleep.I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks.I am so t
26、ired that,finally,I do sleep,but only for a few minutes.It is not a bad dream that wakes me;it is the realityI took with me into sleep.I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her.She was selling skir
27、ts.She moved withthe same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos.Her long black hair was as shinyas the black silk of the skirts she was selling.In her hair,she wore three silk ribbons,blue,green,and white.They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hour
28、sbraiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for ribbons,so I put my hand to my own hair and,with three fingersagainst my head;I looked at her ribbons and said Beautiful.She lowered her eyes and saidnothing.I wasnt sure if she understood me(I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down
29、at the skirts.They had designs in them:squares and triangles and circlesof pink and green silk.They were very pretty.I decided to buy one of those skirts,and I began tobargain with her over the price.It is the custom to bargain in Asia.In Laos bargaining is done insoft voices and easy moves with the
30、 sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled,more with her eyes than with her lips.She was pleased by the few words I wasable to say in her language,although they were mostly numbers,and she saw that I understoodsomething about the soft playfulness of bargaining.We shook our heads in disagreement over the
31、price;then,immediately,we made another offer and then another shake of the head.She was sopleased that unexpectedly,she accepted the last offer I made.But it was too soon.The price wastoo low.She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money.I moved quickly andpicked up two more skirts and pa
32、id for all three at the price set;that way I was able to pay herthree times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.She smiledopenly then,and,for the first time in months,my spirit lire&I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in
33、a newspaper and handed them tome.When I left though,the feeling left,too.It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace.Ileft tears in my throat.I wanted to cry.I didnt,of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard;without knowing it,I have also learnedto defend myself against wha
34、t is soft and what should be easy.I get up,light a candle and want to look at the skirts.They are still in the newspaper that thewoman Wrapped them in.I remove the paper,and raise the skirts up to look at them again before Ipack them.Something falls to floor.I reach down and feel something cool in m
35、y hand.I moveclose to the candlelight to see what I have.There are five long silk ribbons in my hand,alldifferent colors.The woman in the maketplace!She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit,and this time I cry,and very hard,as if I couldmake up for all the mont
36、hs that I didnt cry.11Which of the following in NOT correct?A The writer was not used to bargaining.B People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.12 The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last o
37、ffer mainly becausewoman_.A thought that the last offer was reasonableB thought she could still make much moneyC was glad that the writer knew their way of bargainingD was fired of bargaining with the writer any more13Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A The skirts were cheap and
38、pretty.B She liked the patterns on the skirts.C She wanted to do Something as compensation.D She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.14When did the writer left the marketplace,she wanted to cry,but did not because_.A she had learned to stay cool and unfeelingB she was afraid of crying
39、in publicC she had learned to face difficulties bravelyD she had to show in public that she was strong15Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A she suddenly felt very sad.B she liked the ribbons so much.C she was overcome by emotion.D She felt sorry for the woman.Pass
40、ageFourPassageFourWhen one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the Englishlanguage,he should be able to notice a number of significant truths.The history of our languagehas always been a history of constant change-at times a slow,almost imperceptible change,atother ti
41、mes a violent collision between two languages.Our language has always been a livinggrowing organism,it has never been static.Another significant truth that emerges from such astudy is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many.At one extreme it has been
42、the property of the common,ignorant folk,who have used it in thedaily business of their living,much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and asign of civilization,and who have strugg
43、led by writing it down to give it some permanence,order,dignity,and if possible,a little beauty.As we consider our changing language,we should note here two developments that are ofspecial and immediate importance to us.One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there hasbeen an almost complete
44、reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words ina sentence.Anglo-Saxon(old English)was a language of many inflections.Modem English hasfew.inflectionsinflections.We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey themeanings that the older language did by
45、 means of changes in the forms of words.Function words,you should understand,are words such as prepositions,conjunctions,and a few others that areused primarily to show relationships among other words.A few inflections,however,havesurvived.And when some word inflections come into conflict with word
46、order,there may betrouble for the users of the language,as we shall see later when we turn our attention to suchmaters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I.The second fact we must consider is that as languageitself changes,our attitudes toward language forms change also.The eighteenth century,forexample,produ
47、ced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not alwaysset in and grew,until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluatelanguage practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.16In contrast to the earlier linguists,modern linguis
48、ts tend to_.A attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or properpatternsC be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or historyD be more aware of the roles of the language usag
49、e17Choose the appropriate meaning for the word inflection used in paragraph 2:_A changes in the forms of words.B changes in sentence structures.C changes in spelling roles.D words that have similar meanings.18Which of the following statements is Not mentioned in the passage?A It is generally believe
50、d that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modemEnglish language.B Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of itsdevelopment.C The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D Many classes or groups have contribut