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1、英语句子的基本结构英语句子的基本结构第1页，本讲稿共25页句子种类两种分类法句子种类两种分类法l按句子的用途可分四种：按句子的用途可分四种：l1）陈述句陈述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）：lHe is six years old.l2）疑问句疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Mary can swim,cant she?l3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful,boys.Dont talk in classl4）感叹句感叹句：How clever the boy is!第2页，本讲稿共25页按句
2、子的结构可分三种：按句子的结构可分三种：l1）简单句：）简单句：l2)并列句：并列句：l3）复合句：）复合句：第3页，本讲稿共25页l1）简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或并：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。le.g.He often reads English in the morning.lTom and Mike are American boys.lShe likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.第4页，本讲稿共25页l我们可以给句子的我们可以给句子的动
3、词加上副词动词加上副词修饰，给修饰，给名词名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上，给句子加上状语状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。lHe worked hard all his life.(划线部分在句中划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词作状语，修饰动词worked)lHe is a school student in No.1 Middle School.(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student
4、)第5页，本讲稿共25页l2)并列句：并列句：l句型：句型：简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句l并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。它们之间用连词连结。le.g.You help him and he helps you.lThe future is bright;the road is tortuous.第6页，本讲稿共25页并列句的分类并列句的分类l1、表示连接、表示连接两
5、个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then等连接。等连接。le.g.The teachers name is Smith,and the students name is John.l2、表示、表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss the train.第7页，本讲稿共25页l3、表示、表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but,still,yet,while,when等。等。le.g.He was a little man
6、 with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.l4、表示、表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so,for,等。等。le.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.第8页，本讲稿共25页3）复合句：）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括从句包括名词性从句名词性从句（主语从句
7、、宾语从（主语从句、宾语从 句、句、表语从句和同位语从句）表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句等。等。句型句型主句主句+连词连词+从句；或连词从句；或连词+从句从句+主句主句le.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.第9页，本讲稿共25页l复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次的主句部分，而另
8、一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。要部分，即从句部分。lAs is known to all,China is getting more and more powerful.(As 引导一个定语从引导一个定语从句句)lWhere there is a will,there is a way.(Where引导一个表地点的状语从句引导一个表地点的状语从句)第10页，本讲稿共25页Exercises 判断句型判断句型l1.Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.l2.What he says doesn
9、t suit what he does.(简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子个句子)(复合句复合句包含两个名词性从句：包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是是一个主语从句；一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句是一个宾语从句)第11页，本讲稿共25页l3.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.l4.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.l5.There is a chair in this room,isnt t
10、here?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句第12页，本讲稿共25页6.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句第13页，本讲稿共25页9.Neither has he changed his min
11、d,nor will he do so.10.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?11.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句第14页，本讲稿共25页l1.Its the third time that John has been late,_?lA.hasnt heB.isnt he l C.isnt itD.hasnt itl
12、2.I suppose hes serious,_?lA.do IB.dont Il C.is heD.isnt he第15页，本讲稿共25页l3.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others enjoy swimming.A.orB.forC.while D.sol4.-Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.-_ what you want and I can get it for you.A.Tell meB.If you
13、 would say to me C.You will tell me D.If you tell me第16页，本讲稿共25页l5._ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.lA.Turning B.To turnC.Turned D.Turnl6.Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?lA.andB.thenC.or D.otherwise第17页，本讲稿共25页l7.She set out soon after dark
14、 _ home an hour later.lA.arrivingB.to arrivelC.having arrived D.and arrivedl8.She thought I was talking about her daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.lA.whom B.whereC.which D.while第18页，本讲稿共25页l9_ it with me and Ill see what I can do.lA.When leftB.LeavingC.If you leaveD.Leavel10.-Alice
15、,you feed the bird today,_?-But I fed it yesterday.lA.do youB.will youC.didnt you D.dont you第19页，本讲稿共25页l11._ him and then try to copy what he does.lA.Mind B.Glance atC.Stare at D.Watchl12._ help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better.A.Giving B.Give lC.Given D.To give第20页，本
16、讲稿共25页l1.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of that l14.After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be.A.that B,whom C.what D.who第21页，本讲稿共25页l15._ several times about it,but he could
17、 not give the correct answer.A.Being asked B.Having been asked C.He would ask D.He had been asked 16._ the days went on,the situation there got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As第22页，本讲稿共25页l17.Who do you think the doctor will have _ first,John or Kate?A.examine B.to examine C.examining D.examinedl18
18、.She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A.which B.it C.as D.who 第23页，本讲稿共25页l19.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think is l20.She is American,_ she knows little about American history.A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore 第24页，本讲稿共25页l21._ the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.A.Read B.Reading C.If reading D.When you read l22._,so he didnt come to school last week.A.Though he was ill B.Being ill C.Having been ill D.He was ill第25页，本讲稿共25页