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1、英语专业八级写作提要第1页,本讲稿共84页ComponentsinaCompositionWordsSentenceParagraphComposition第2页,本讲稿共84页“Words”inTEM-8Writing一、善用高级词汇。一、善用高级词汇。(汉语是意合语,英语是形合语。写作源于生活,高于汉语是意合语,英语是形合语。写作源于生活,高于生活。所以,在专八写作中,看到一个单词,一定要能看到一个世界,选择生活。所以,在专八写作中,看到一个单词,一定要能看到一个世界,选择最美妙的词,以体现我们的水平与层次最美妙的词,以体现我们的水平与层次)。如:。如:“认为认为”:think,assum
2、e,suppose,believe,imagine,reckon,feel,consider,sense,reflect,deem“好好”:good,fine,excellent,superior,outstanding,tremendous,marvelous,“美好的前程美好的前程”:beautifulfuturepromisingfuture,“重要重要”:important,significant,vital,crucial,imperative,essential,“必要必要”:necessary,basic,indispensable,compulsory,fundamental,
3、crucial,“很多很多”:many,alotof,numerous,abundant,agoodnumberof,hordesof,“越来越多越来越多”:moreandmore,agrowingnumberof,anincreasingnumberof,“深思深思”:thinking,thought-provoking“处理处理”:dealwith,copewith,handle,tackle,“喜欢喜欢”:like,befondof,bedevotedto,bekeenon,bepartialto,beattachedto,adore,第3页,本讲稿共84页E.g.:OnGlobalWa
4、rming(Title)Withtherapiddevelopmentofworldeconomy,manyscientistsintheworldarerealizingtheweatherisheatingupandtryingtofindwaystosolvetheproblem.(专四水平)Withtheswiftexpansionofglobeeconomy,aconsiderableproportionofscientistsintheworldarerealizingtheweatherisheatingupandtryingtoexploreapproachestosolvet
5、heglobalwarming(专八水平)(其实我们熟悉的其实我们熟悉的“许多、大量许多、大量”有很多的表达法有很多的表达法:thetremendousamountofpractice,agreatdealofwisdom,amultitudeofthings,thevaststoreofknowledge,theoverwhelmingmajorityofthepublic,alargenumberofpeople,thebulkofthelanguageacquisition,anincreasingnumberof,agrowingnumberof)第4页,本讲稿共84页二、善用热点词汇
6、。二、善用热点词汇。如:如:考研热考研热thecrazeforgraduateschoolstudy大学生创业大学生创业theuniversitystudentsinnovativeundertakings扩招扩招expandenrollment豆腐渣工程豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojects解决劳动就业问题解决劳动就业问题tackletheproblemoflaborforceutilization造成失业问题造成失业问题bringabouttheunemploymentproblem给出优惠政策给出优惠政策givepreferentialtreatment享受失业救济金享受失业救
7、济金enjoyunemploymentpension需要安全感和生活保障需要安全感和生活保障needasenseofsecurityandguaranteeoflife扩大内需扩大内需expandthedomesticdemand婚奴婚奴weddingslave卧槽族卧槽族job-huggingclan赖校族赖校族campusdwellers闪孕闪孕quickpregnancy海投海投resumeflooding公正、公平、公开公正、公平、公开just,fairandopen安居工程安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents自我保护意识自我保护意
8、识self-protectionawareness装嫩装嫩actyoung傍大款傍大款(ofagirl)findasugardaddy;beamistressforarichman;leanonamoneybags包二奶包二奶haveaconcubine(originallyaCantoneseexpression)第5页,本讲稿共84页三、三、善用专业词汇。善用专业词汇。如:如:swineflu甲流甲流A(H1N1)flu甲流甲流birdflu禽流感禽流感swineflusymptoms甲流症状甲流症状swinefluoutbreak甲流爆发甲流爆发H1N1virus甲流病毒甲流病毒H1N1
9、vaccine甲流疫苗甲流疫苗isolationward隔离病房隔离病房behospitalized住院治疗住院治疗surgical/gauzemask口罩口罩symptomaticinfection有症状感染有症状感染breathingsystem呼吸系统呼吸系统takepreventivemeasures采取预防措施采取预防措施transmissionofthevirusfrompigstohumans病毒传播从猪到人病毒传播从猪到人setuppublicawarenessofswinefluprevention树立预防甲流的公众意识树立预防甲流的公众意识confirmedcasesofs
10、wineflu甲流确诊病例甲流确诊病例suspectedcasesofswineflu甲流疑似病例甲流疑似病例第6页,本讲稿共84页海啸海啸tsunami自然灾害自然灾害naturaldisaster气象学气象学meteorology大气大气atmosphere气候气候climate温度温度temperature预报预报forecast热带的热带的tropical冰雹冰雹hail雷雷thunder倾盆大雨倾盆大雨downpour阵雨阵雨shower暴风雨暴风雨storm股票股票stock股价股价valuation股市股市equitymarket股东股东shareholder养老基金养老基金pe
11、nsionfund国际班机国际班机InternationalFlight班机号码班机号码FlightNumber来回机票来回机票Round-TripTicket外汇外汇Foreignexchange垃圾邮件垃圾邮件spam屏幕保护屏幕保护screensaver桌面桌面desktop黑客黑客hacker第7页,本讲稿共84页四、四、善用特色词汇善用特色词汇(平时注意积累一些特色词汇,以便考试之时(平时注意积累一些特色词汇,以便考试之时派上用场,增加文章的亮点)。如:派上用场,增加文章的亮点)。如:筒子楼筒子楼tube-shapedapartment退耕还林还草退耕还林还草grainforgree
12、n退耕还林还牧退耕还林还牧convertthelandforforestryandpasture小康之家小康之家well-offfamily;comfortably-offfamily效益工资效益工资achievements-relatedwages;wagesbasedonbenefits形象小姐形象小姐/先生先生imagerepresentativeofaproductorabrand选美选美beautycontest学而优则仕学而优则仕(aConfuciansloganforeducation)agoodscholarcanbecomeanofficial;hewhoexcelsinst
13、udycanfollowanofficialcareer自主经营自主经营,自负盈亏自负盈亏makeonesownmanagementdecisionsandtakefullresponsibilityforonesownprofitsandlosses走后门走后门getinbythebackdoor走上良性发展的轨道走上良性发展的轨道goingonthetrackofsoundprogress第8页,本讲稿共84页五、五、作文首段活用词汇:作文首段活用词汇:1)depict/description2)describe3)reveal4)convey5)imply6)phenomenon7)co
14、ncern8)handle9)thought-provoking10)fact11)obviously12)who/that13)problem第9页,本讲稿共84页E.g.:Asisvividlydepictedinthepicturegivenabove,ThechartgivesusavividdescriptionofsomebodywhoThediagramvividlydepictstheuniversitystudentsinnovativeundertakingsintheWestDevelopmentinChinaWhatisrevealedinthefigureisreal
15、lythought-provoking.ThephenomenonshouldarousewideconcernTheoccurrencedeservesourwideconcernThedepictionaimsatrevealingafactthatmeasuresmustbetakentohandlethisproblemTheissuemirroredbythegraphistrulythought-provoking.第10页,本讲稿共84页六、六、作文主体段落活用词汇:作文主体段落活用词汇:1)achieve:toachievetheobjectiveofglobalsustain
16、abledevelopment2)attain:Itgoeswithoutsayingthatconfidenceplaysavitalroleinattainingthegoals.3)acquire:acquirethebasissurvivalskillssoasto4)attention:Theproblemofglobalwarminghasdrawnworldwideattention5)attitude:Differentpeopletakedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.6)bring:ThegrowingpopularityoftheInte
17、rnethasbroughtaboutnumerouschangesinourdailylife.7)carry:ThereformandopeningpolicyhasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutinChinaduringthepastthreedecades,whichhasgreatlyacceleratedtheeconomicgrowthofChina.8)accordingto:Accordingtothelateststatistics,wecancometotheconclusionthatheartdiseaseiscloselylinkedtodri
18、nking.第11页,本讲稿共84页9)adapt/adjust:Asfarasyounggenerationisconcerned,weneedtolearnhowtoadaptourselvestothemodernsociety.10)example:Letstaketheexampleoftoillustrateof11)attach:Associetydevelops,moreandmorepeoplebegintoattachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.12)combine:Thosewhocancombinethesetwot
19、hingsharmoniouslyhavebetterchanceofsuccessinthefuture.13)compare:Comparedwiththechildreninthebigcities,thosecomingfromtheruralareaswillbemorelikelytoendurehardshipsinthefuturelife.14)increase:ThenumberofthestudentsapplyingforMastersdegreeisontherise.15)dramatic:Theemergenceofmodernmedicinehaledtoadr
20、amaticincreaseinworldspopulation.16)reason:Thechiefreasonsforsomethingareasfollows:第12页,本讲稿共84页七、七、作文总结段落活用词汇:作文总结段落活用词汇:1)consequently:Consequently,wecandrawaconclusionthat2)view/opinion:Inmyview,3)situation:Facedwithsuchagrimsituationof.,4)measure:Thesubstantialmeasuresmustbetakento5)awareness:toa
21、warepeoplesawarenessof6)cope:Tocopewiththiscomplicatedproblems,7)only:Onlyinthiswaycanwe第13页,本讲稿共84页八、写出以下单词的同义词八、写出以下单词的同义词(近义词、上义词或下义词近义词、上义词或下义词):网购网购 吃皇粮吃皇粮公务员公务员 传销传销春运春运 大开眼界大开眼界待岗待岗 待业待业自谋生路自谋生路 世界上有世界上有1010亿人亿人营养不良营养不良严重急性呼吸道综合症严重急性呼吸道综合症 AAAA制制大家一致大家一致认为认为20092009年的年的金融海啸金融海啸对大学生就业形势可谓对大学生就
22、业形势可谓“雪上加霜雪上加霜”哥本哈根气候会议要求全世界减少哥本哈根气候会议要求全世界减少一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物 、氮氧合物氮氧合物 、微粒、微粒等排放量等排放量,以确保环境得到保护以确保环境得到保护 提高提高公众意识公众意识 “蜗居蜗居”大城市大城市 20082008年夏天年夏天百年一遇的大洪水百年一遇的大洪水给中国人民带来了给中国人民带来了不可估量的损失不可估量的损失培养培养责任感责任感官二代官二代/富二代富二代/星二代星二代.第14页,本讲稿共84页Keyforreferences:网购网购shoppingonline;E-shopping;Shop
23、pingthroughInternet吃皇粮吃皇粮receivesalaries,subsidies,orothersupportedfromthegovernment公务员公务员apublicservant;apublicofficial;apersonwithofficialfunction;acivilserviceworker;(Am.)anofficeholder传销传销pyramidselling;multi-levelmarketing;networkmarketingormatrixmarketing春运春运(passenger)transportduringtheSpring
24、Festival;passengertransportaroundtheChineselunarnewyear大开眼界大开眼界openoneseyes;broadenoneshorizon;beaneye-opener待岗待岗awaitjobassignment,post-waiting待业待业job-waiting;unemployed自谋生路自谋生路beself-employed;makingalivingbyoneself;supportoneself营养不良营养不良malnourished;skinny;half-starved;undernourished;underfed;star
25、ving第15页,本讲稿共84页SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome:SARSAA制制:Dutchtreatment;goDutch/goingDutch;AAtreatAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome:AIDS(akindofseriousvenerealdisease)认为认为:think,agree,claim,maintain,argue,believe,hold,suggest,viewas,regardas,consideras,deem,opine,acknowledge,suppose,reckon,feel,imagin
26、e“一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧合物、氮氧合物、微粒、微粒”可以统称可以统称为为poisonousgases(一氧化碳:一氧化碳:carbonoxide/CO,二氧化,二氧化碳:碳:carbondioxide/Co2,碳氢化合物,碳氢化合物:HC,氮氧合物氮氧合物:NOx,微粒微粒:PM)Financialtsunami:金融海啸;金融海啸;Financialstorm:金融风暴金融风暴FinancialCrisis:金融危机金融危机第16页,本讲稿共84页雪上加霜:雪上加霜:onedisasterafteranother;addtothemisfortu
27、nesofamanwhoisalreadyunfortunate;calamitiescomeinsuccession.;disasterspileupononeanother;heapcalamitiesonsb.whoisalreadyoppressed;onedisasterafteranother;theworstcametotheworst;makemoreworse;2008年夏天年夏天百年一遇的大洪水百年一遇的大洪水给中国人民带来了给中国人民带来了不可估量的损失不可估量的损失:In2008,bigfloodsoccurredinboththesouthandnorthofChin
28、a.Theywerethemostseriousonesinthiscentury.Theycausedgreatloses.Fieldswereruined,houseswerewashedawayandmanypeoplebecamehomeless.(请自行改写为一句话请自行改写为一句话)培养强烈责任感培养强烈责任感:Developastrongsenseofresponsibility;提高社会意识提高社会意识:Enhancesocialawareness 蜗居蜗居:atinylivingspace;pokyroom;dwellingnarrowness;toosmallroom;hu
29、mbleabode第17页,本讲稿共84页九、英语专业八级写作摆脱垃圾词汇的经验九、英语专业八级写作摆脱垃圾词汇的经验(仅举例说明仅举例说明)1、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:help典型例句典型例句:Illhelpyou.替代语替代语accommodateE.g.:Illendeavortoaccommodateyou.2、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:helpful典型例句典型例句:Somethingishelpful(tosomebody).替代语替代语conduciveE.g.:Somethingisconducivetosomebody.第18页,本讲稿共84页3、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:show典型例句典
30、型例句:asitshowsinthepicture替代语替代语betray4、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:think典型例句典型例句:Ithink替代语:替代语:deem5、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:ugly典型例句典型例句:isugly替代语替代语:hideous6、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:bytheway典型例句典型例句:bytheway,.替代语替代语incidentally,.7、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:because典型例句典型例句:because替代语替代语:inthat/inasmuchas第19页,本讲稿共84页8、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:consider典型例句典型例句:Wemustconsider
31、替代语替代语:allowforE.g.:Wemustallowfor 9、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:much典型例句典型例句:Therehasbeenamuchincreaseintheworldpopulation.替代语替代语:Therehasbeenadrasticincreaseinthe10、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:about典型例句典型例句:itisabout250timesofthat替代语替代语:itisapproximately11、垃圾词汇、垃圾词汇:buy替代语替代语:purchase(BacktoBeginning)第20页,本讲稿共84页“Sentences”inTEM-8Wr
32、iting一、专业八级写作中对句子的要求一、专业八级写作中对句子的要求 在英语专业八级写作中,除了词汇的运用要求,句子在英语专业八级写作中,除了词汇的运用要求,句子处理也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短,同一件事,可以处理也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句,文章必定用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句,文章必定很单调乏味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句,读起来也很很单调乏味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句,读起来也很费力。费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础,配合适当的并列句和最好的方法是以简单句为基础,配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短,通常要加
33、些附属成分,如分复杂句。简单句可长可短,通常要加些附属成分,如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语,以及词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语,以及节缩成分。总之,可根据情况,使句子多样化,使文章灵节缩成分。总之,可根据情况,使句子多样化,使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样,但是句式不活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样,但是句式不同,内容重点也有些差别:同,内容重点也有些差别:第21页,本讲稿共84页1)The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter
34、.(并列分句)2)Grazing peacefully,the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter.(现在分语短语+简单句)3)In the farm,the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter.(副词短语+并列分句)4)There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm,unaware of the approaching hunter.(简单句+形容语短语)5)As the
35、 goats grazed peacefully in the farm,they were unaware of the approaching hunter.(原因副词从句+主句)第22页,本讲稿共84页 二、增强英语语句表现力的有效方法增强英语语句表现力的有效方法(一)避免使用语意弱的(一)避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。动词。1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如:、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如:Weak:Thetreesarebare.Thegrassisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.Revision:Thebrowngrassandbaretree
36、sformadrablandscape.(转换为前置定语转换为前置定语)Or:Thelandscape,bareandbrown,beggedforspringgreen.(转换为并列结构作后置定转换为并列结构作后置定语语)2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如:。例如:1)Weak:Theteammembersaregoodplayers.Revision:Theteammembersplaywell.2)Weak:Oneworkersplanistheeliminationoftardiness.Revision:Oneworkersplanel
37、iminatestardiness.第23页,本讲稿共84页 3、在以、在以“here”或或“there”开头的句子中,把开头的句子中,把“be”动词动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例如:如:1)Weak:Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.Revision:Noopportunityforpromotionexists.2)Weak:Herearethebooksyouordered.Revision:Thebooksyouorderedhavearrived.(二)(二)多用语意具体的动词,保持句意简洁明了。多用语意具体的动词
38、,保持句意简洁明了。例如:例如:1、Poor:Mysupervisorwentpastmydesk.Better:Mysupervisorsauntered(=walkedslowly)pastmydesk.2、Poor:Sheisacarefulshopper.Better:Shecomparespricesandquality.第24页,本讲稿共84页 (三)尽量运用主动语态。例如:(三)尽量运用主动语态。例如:1、Weak:Theorganizationhasbeensupportedbycharity.Better:Charityhassupportedtheorganization.
39、2、Weak:Thebiscuitswerestackedonaplate.Better:Motherstackedthebiscuitsonaplate.(四)防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如:(四)防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如:1、Wordy:Mylittlesisterhasapreferenceforchocolatemilk.Improved:Mylittlesisterpreferschocolatemilk.2、Wordy:Weareinreceiptofyourletterandintendtofollowyourrecommendations.Improved:Wehav
40、ereceivedyourletterandintendedtofollowyourrecommendation.第25页,本讲稿共84页3、Redundant:Wehadaseriouscrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.Improved:Wehadacrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.4、Redundant:MysisterandIboughtthesame,identicaldressindifferentstores.I
41、mproved:MysisterandIboughtthesamedressindifferentstores.(五)杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如:(五)杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如:1、Weak:Theywillnotagreetohisproposalsinanyshapeorform.Improved:Theywillnotagreetoanyofhisproposals.2、Weak:IneedherfinancialinputbeforeIcanguesstimateourexpendituresnextfall.Improved:Ineedherfinancia
42、lfiguresbeforeIcanestimateourexpendituresnextfall.第26页,本讲稿共84页三、熟悉专业八级写作基本句型三、熟悉专业八级写作基本句型1.Whenaskedabout.,mostpeoplesay.Butmanyotherpeopleregard.as.Ipersonallythink.当被问及对当被问及对.有什么看法时,大多数人认为有什么看法时,大多数人认为.但是,还有很多人认但是,还有很多人认为为.我个人认为我个人认为.2.Whenitcomesto.,somepeoplethinkthat.Othersarguethattheopposite
43、istrue.Thereisprobablysometruthtobotharguments,but.涉及涉及.这一问题,有的人认为应该这一问题,有的人认为应该.另一些人持相反意见。也另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理,但是许双方的观点都有一定道理,但是.3.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat.contributedto.ExpertsarguethatChinamustintroduce.ButIdoubtwhether.alonewillsolvetheproblem。人们普遍认为人们普遍认为.专家认为中国必须推行专家认为中国必须推行.但我对仅仅但我对仅仅.就
44、能就能解决问题表示怀疑。解决问题表示怀疑。第27页,本讲稿共84页4.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplearejoining.Inreactiontothephenomenon,somesay.Butdotheyrealizethat.canalsoleadto.越来越多的人越来越多的人.进入了进入了.针对这一现象,一些人认为针对这一现象,一些人认为.但是,他们有没有意识到但是,他们有没有意识到.也能导致也能导致.5.Agrowingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealizethat.isnotthesoleprerequisiteforhappi
45、ness。越来越多的人开始意识到越来越多的人开始意识到.并不是幸福的唯一条件。并不是幸福的唯一条件。6.Therehasbeenundesirabletrendinrecentyearstowards.Arecentsurveyshowedthat.percentofrespondentsranked.astheirtoppriority,comparedto.percentonlyafewyearsago.Whydopeoplefailtorealizethat.?近年来出现了对社会有害的近年来出现了对社会有害的.倾向。最近的一项调查表明,倾向。最近的一项调查表明,.的调查对象把的调查对象把
46、.作为他们的首选,相比之下,就在几年前,作为他们的首选,相比之下,就在几年前,只有只有.的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到.不一定带来幸不一定带来幸福呢?福呢?第28页,本讲稿共84页7.Irecentlyreadanewspaperarticleon.Thedeplorableproblemof.hasarousedpublicconcernnationwide。最近,我在报纸上读到一篇关于最近,我在报纸上读到一篇关于.的文章。的文章。.的问题令人深的问题令人深感遗憾,它已经引起了全国公众的关注。感遗憾,它已经引起了全国公众的关注。8.Judgingfromth
47、ereamsofevidencepresented,wecansafelyconcludethat.根据现有的大量证据,我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论:根据现有的大量证据,我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论:.9.Theampleevidencepresentedenablesustoreasonablyconcludethat.提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论:提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论:.10.WiththefantasticspurbothinindustryanditseconomyinChina,thenumberof.isontherise随着中国工业经济
48、的迅猛发展,随着中国工业经济的迅猛发展,.的数目不断上升。的数目不断上升。11.Itiscommonlybelievedthattherisein.istheinevitableresultofeconomicdevelopment。人们普遍认为,人们普遍认为,.的增长是经济发展的必然结果。的增长是经济发展的必然结果。第29页,本讲稿共84页四、落段扩展中的常用词语四、落段扩展中的常用词语1、总结关系过渡词语、总结关系过渡词语generallyspeaking,generally,asageneralrule,ingeneral,onalargerscale,totaketheideafurt
49、her,totaketheaboveopiniontoanextreme,inasense,inonesense,inaway,tosomeextent,inmyopinion,inmyview,asforme,asfarasIamconcerned,obviously,undoubtedly,intermsof,inconclusion,inshort,inbrief,insummary,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,toconclude2、比较对比关系过渡词语、比较对比关系过渡词语similarly,likewise,like,too,equallyimportan
50、t,thesameas,incommon,inthesameway,onthecontrary,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,otherwise,insharpcontrast,whereas,ratherthan,conversely,instead,in/bycontrast,but,however,yet,nevertheless第30页,本讲稿共84页3、列举关系过渡词语、列举关系过渡词语forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asacaseinpoint,suchas,namely,thatis,like,thus,first,