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1、英语四级写作专项与模拟训练第1页，本讲稿共106页-真题分析、专项训练、模拟训练真题分析、专项训练、模拟训练 CET 4 Writing第2页，本讲稿共106页历年四级写作题材及写作类型历年四级写作题材及写作类型考试时间考试时间题题 目目题材题材写作类型写作类型1999.1Dont Hesitate to Say“No”社会生活社会生活原因解原因解释释型型1999.6Reading Selectively or Extensively?校园生活校园生活对对比比选择选择型型2000.1How I Finance My College Education?校园生活校园生活问题问题解决型解决型200
2、0.6Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?校园生活校园生活对对比比选择选择型型2001.1How to Succeed in a Job Interview?社会社会热热点点问题问题解决型解决型2001.6A Letter to a Schoolmate校园生活校园生活信函信函2002.1A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus校园生活校园生活信函信函2002.6Student Use of Computers校园生活校园生活现现象解象解释释型型第3页
3、，本讲稿共106页历年四级写作题材及写作类型历年四级写作题材及写作类型考试时间考试时间题题 目目题材题材写作类型写作类型2003.1It Pays to Be Honest社会生活社会生活原因解释型原因解释型2003.6An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident社会生活社会生活记叙文记叙文2004.1A Letter in Reply to a Friend校园生活校园生活信函信函2004.6A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction社会热点社会热点景点介绍景点介绍2005.1A Campaign Sp
4、eech校园生活校园生活演说词演说词2005.6In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of Teachers Day校园生活校园生活记叙文记叙文2006.1Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists社会热点社会热点对比选择型对比选择型第4页，本讲稿共106页历年四级写作题材及写作类型历年四级写作题材及写作类型考试时间考试时间题题 目目题材题材写作类型写作类型2006.6On Students Selecting Lecturers校园生活校园生活现象解释型现象解释型2007.1Spring Festiva
5、l Gala on CCTV社会热点社会热点对比选择型对比选择型2007.6Welcome to Our Club校园生活校园生活海报海报2008.1What Electives to Choose校园生活校园生活现象解释型现象解释型2008.6Recreational Activities社会热点社会热点对比选择型对比选择型2009.1Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags社会热点社会热点问题解决型问题解决型2009.6Free Admission to Museums社会热点社会热点现象解释型现象解释型2010.1Create a Green
6、 Campus校园生活校园生活社会热点社会热点现象解释型现象解释型第5页，本讲稿共106页写作类型写作类型第一段第一段第二段第二段第三段第三段对比选择对比选择型型表明一方或双方观表明一方或双方观点点指明理由指明理由表明个人观点或个人表明个人观点或个人做法做法现象解释现象解释型型指明一种现象或提指明一种现象或提出一种观点出一种观点阐释现象或阐释现象或观点观点对现象、观点进行评对现象、观点进行评价或发表个人见解价或发表个人见解原因解释原因解释型型提出一种社会现象提出一种社会现象或问题或问题解释原因解释原因发表个人看法或提出发表个人看法或提出解决思路解决思路问题解决问题解决型型提出问题提出问题分析解
7、决问分析解决问题的方法题的方法简要评价方法并总结简要评价方法并总结应用型应用型描述事实描述事实描述原因描述原因表明观点或提出建议表明观点或提出建议综合叙事综合叙事型型交待事件背景信息交待事件背景信息描述起因或描述起因或经过和结果经过和结果描写个人感受或分析描写个人感受或分析事件发生的原因事件发生的原因图表型图表型说明图表反映的趋说明图表反映的趋势、问题或现象势、问题或现象分析其原因分析其原因或后果或后果提出解决问题的办法、提出解决问题的办法、建议或进行展望建议或进行展望第6页，本讲稿共106页v1.特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 对比选择型议论文是大学英语四级考试写作最常见的写作题型。一般来说，
8、这类议论文的通常是对一个观点或事物的正反两方面或者两种不同的观点或事物进行对比，从而引出主题，得出结论。在对两种不同的观点或事物进行对比时，主要运用比较和对比两种写作技巧。在四级考试中曾多次出现此类议论文。对比选择型对比选择型-P65第7页，本讲稿共106页v2.写作流程写作流程第一段：简单介绍某一现象或事物。第二段：分析某一观点或事物的正反两面，或比较两 种不同的观点或事物。第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法。对比选择型对比选择型或者第一段：简单提及某一现象或事物，并分析该现象或 事物的好处。第二段：分析该现象或事物的弊端。第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法第8页，本讲稿共106页v3.真题
9、分析真题分析 2006年1月大学英语四级考试真题Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为.对比选择型对比选择型第9页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】Should t
10、he University Campus Be Open to Tourists?(1)Nowadays,many well-known university campuses in China have become popular tourist attractions.During holidays,large numbers of tourists can be seen on university campuses,particularly,Peking University and TsingHua University.(1)开篇自然，引出焦点问题开篇自然，引出焦点问题对比选择型
11、对比选择型第10页，本讲稿共106页 (2)Should the university campus be open to tourists?Peoples opinions vary from one to another.(3)Some maintain that opening university campuses to tourists can not only increase universitys financial income but also provide young students a good opportunity to know the university
12、so that they can be encouraged to study harder to realize their dreams.(3)While others argue that opening university campuses to tourists may ruin both their natural and academic environment.(2)过渡句，承上启下过渡句，承上启下(3)分别论述支持和反对的观点及理由分别论述支持和反对的观点及理由对比选择型对比选择型第11页，本讲稿共106页 (4)As far as I am concerned,unive
13、rsity campuses should not be open for profit as tourist attractions,because it is a place for study and research,not for tourism.Its purity and beauty will be destroyed if it becomes a profitable organization.(4)However,I think university is a property for the whole society so that it can be open to
14、 individual visitors so long as the visit does not disturb its order.对比选择型对比选择型(4)表明自己的观点，表明自己的观点，because原因状语从句引出理由；原因状语从句引出理由；so that,so long as的使用使句式更为多样的使用使句式更为多样第12页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板一】When it comes to the issue of ,different people have different opinions.(进一步介绍这种现象或观点).Some people think t
15、hat .They hold this opinion because(they think).Others,however,take a negative/positive attitude to .(Others,nevertheless,are more pessimistic/optimistic about it).From their point of view,.Besides,.对比选择型对比选择型第13页，本讲稿共106页 In my opinion/Personally/From my point view/If asked my attitude,I am more in
16、 favor of .I stand in/hold this attitude/opinion/view because .Its true that ,but it doesnt mean that .Therefore/In a word/In short,.Instead,we should对比选择型对比选择型第14页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板二】Nowadays,wherever you go,you will hear people talk about .Whether you like it or not,it had become a part of ou
17、r life.Generally,it is believed that there are several advantages with .Firstly,.Whats more .But every coin has two sides,and is no exception.There are also some disadvantages with .To begin with .Beside,.And most important of all,.But all in all,.Therefore,we should .对比选择型对比选择型第15页，本讲稿共106页v1.特点及写作
18、要求特点及写作要求 现象阐释型的作文通常先指明一种现象或提出一种观点，然后对这一现象或观点进行解释，最后得出结论或发表个人见解。现象阐释型现象阐释型P66第16页，本讲稿共106页v2.写作流程写作流程第一段：简要描述某一现象或某一观点。第二段：具体阐释现象或观点的正确性或危害性等。第三段：表明自己的态度或看法。现象阐释型现象阐释型或者或者第一段：简单描述某一现象或观点。第二段：具体阐述引起这种现象的或持有这种观点 考虑的主要因素。第三段：对现象或者观点进行评价。第17页，本讲稿共106页v3.真真题题分析分析 2006年6月大学英语四级考试真题Directions:For this part
19、,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of students selecting their lecturers.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:(1).有些大学允许学生自主选择某些课程的任课老师(2).学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素(3).学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题现象阐释型现象阐释型第18页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】On Students Selecting
20、Lecturers (1)At present,in some colleges and universities,students are allowed to select lectures on their own.(2)It may someday become the main trend when people give more priority to academic freedom.(3)Students would take three major elements into consideration when making selections.(1)开门见山，直击主题
21、开门见山，直击主题(2)提出该现象的发展趋势提出该现象的发展趋势(3)揭示学生选任课老师的考虑因素揭示学生选任课老师的考虑因素现象阐释型现象阐释型第19页，本讲稿共106页 (4)First of all,they will take lecturers teaching styles into account.Teaching styles to students taste would help them learn more efficiently.(4)Moreover,most students tend to choose lecturers with more experienc
22、e,because such teachers tend to know more about how to stimulate and inspire students and will help them master their subjects with more ease.(4)Last,students also put emphasis on the lecturers academic background.From their perspective,teachers with higher academic degrees may provide more enlighte
23、ning suggestions.(4)论述有力有序，更具说服力论述有力有序，更具说服力现象阐释型现象阐释型第20页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】On Students Selecting Lecturers (5)Everything has both positive and negative aspects,and students selecting lectures is of no exception.(6)It encourages students to be actively involved in the teaching process,and at the meantim
24、e,spurs teachers to improve their teaching quality.(6)However,it is possible that some students would choose lectures blindly without due guidance.And it is not uncommon that some teachers employ some abnormal devices to attract more students,such as promising higher marks or more“freedom”of attenda
25、nce.(5)承上启下，引出益处和问题承上启下，引出益处和问题(6)分别论述益处和问题，有条理：动词分别论述益处和问题，有条理：动词encourage和和spur引出两大益处；引出两大益处；however引出问题所在引出问题所在现象阐释型现象阐释型第21页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板一】In recent years,(描 写现状 或趋 势).This has caused a lot of problems.First,(结果1).For example,(细节，说明结果1).S e c o n d,（结果2）.(细 节，说明结果2).Finally,(结果3).(细节，说
26、明结果3).Since is such a serious problem,we should take effective measures to .First,we should (措施1).Besides,(措施 2).And finally,(措施3).现象阐释型现象阐释型第22页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板二】At present/In recent years/Nowadays,(描写现状或趋势).It may someday become the main trend w h e n (进一 步 描 述这一现象 或观点).Three major elements
27、/factors would be taken into consideration when (doing sth.).First of all,(主 要 因 素1).Moreover,(主 要 因 素2).Last,(主 要 因 素 3).From their perspective,.现象阐释型现象阐释型第23页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板二】Everything has both positive and negative aspects,and (这种现象或观点)is of no exception.(这种现象或观点的正确性).However,(这种观点或现象的危害
28、性).现象阐释型现象阐释型第24页，本讲稿共106页 原因解释型原因解释型 v1.特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 原因解释型作文的重点在于探讨产生某一社会现 象或问题的原因。v2.写作流程写作流程 第一段：对某一社会现象进行描述。第二段：阐释产生这一社会现象的原因。第三段：发表个人看法，或提出解决思路。第25页，本讲稿共106页v3.真真题题分析分析 2002年12月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Hone
29、st.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.（1）.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象（2）.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实原因解释型原因解释型第26页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】It Pays to Be Honest (1)What is honesty?Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act.(2)Regarded as a virtue,it is admired in e
30、very country and every culture.(2)The one who lies and cheats is dishonest.Dishonesty is generally looked upon as an evil,and is despised and condemned by everyone.(1)一问一答得出一问一答得出honesty的定义，点题的定义，点题(2)从正反两方面进一步阐述文章主题从正反两方面进一步阐述文章主题原因解释型原因解释型第27页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】It Pays to Be Honest (3)From the mass med
31、ia and also with our own eyes,we know that dishonest behavior exists in our society.For example,students copy one anothers homework or download illicit paper from Internet to cheat their teachers;businessmen sell fake products to cheat their customers;and even worse there are medical persons who pro
32、duce fake medicine harming the patients.(3)举例说明社会上存在的一些不诚实行为举例说明社会上存在的一些不诚实行为原因解释型原因解释型第28页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】It Pays to Be Honest (4)However,those people may succeed for a time,but sooner or later,they will bring them nothing but troubles.(5)As an English proverb goes,“Honesty is the best policy.”(5)For
33、 one thing,if you want to be trusted and respected by your friends,you must be honest.A liar is always looked down upon and avoided by the people around him.(5)For another,if you want to succeed in your work,the first qualification you should have is honesty.(6)Therefore,whatever your aim is,you mus
34、t work honestly to attain it.(4)通过通过however一词转折引入文章主题一词转折引入文章主题“为什么做人应该诚实为什么做人应该诚实”(5)以一句名谚语及以一句名谚语及for one thing,for another两个短两个短 语说明原因语说明原因(6)进一步强化主题，即不论要达到什么目的，必须通过诚实的方法获得进一步强化主题，即不论要达到什么目的，必须通过诚实的方法获得原因解释型原因解释型第29页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板一】Nowadays,we often hear that (提 出现象).This phenomenon is n
35、ot accidental,and there is social and individual background.Why?For one thing,（原 因 1）.F o r a n o t h e r,(原因 2).For instance,(举例说明).From that,we .As far as I am concerned,I agree that .I think that (作 者 本 人 的 点).原因解释型原因解释型第三段或为 We should take measures to .First,(措 施 1).Second,(措施2).Finally,(措施3).第3
36、0页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板二】As is known to all,_.People seem to get Accustomed to _.In fact,_.The reason lies in several aspects.Firstly,_.Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.Finally,_.As a matter of fact,_.On the one hand,_.On the other hand,_.Therefore,_.原因解释型原因解释型第31页，本讲稿共106页 In recent years,the phenomenon of _
37、 has aroused peoples great concern.Many reasons may account for _.To begin with,_.In addition,_.Whats more,_.In my opinion,_.To prevent this phenomenon from worsening,it is high time that _.模板三模板三第32页，本讲稿共106页【预测题一】Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled L
38、earning Chinese as a Foreign Language following the outline given below.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1.世界上越来越多的人学习汉语世界上越来越多的人学习汉语 2.出现这一现象的原因出现这一现象的原因 3.你对这一现象的看法：你认为这种现象是否会持续下去？你对这一现象的看法：你认为这种现象是否会持续下去？第33页，本讲稿共106页v1.特点及写作要求特点及写作要求 问题解决型的作文通常先说明情况，提出问题，随后提出解决方法或处理
39、方式，最后给予评价。问题解决型问题解决型 第第69页页v2.写作流程写作流程 第一段：描述现状、形势、提出问题。第二段：提出解决问题的方法。第三段：简要评价提及的方法，或选择其中一、两种自己认为合适的方法并说明理由。第34页，本讲稿共106页v3.真题分析真题分析 2000年12月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview?You should write at least 1
40、20 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(1).面试在求职过程中的作用 (2).取 得 面 试 成 功 的 因 素：仪 表、举 止 谈 吐、能 力、专业知识、自信、实事求是问题解决型问题解决型第35页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】How to Succeed in a Job Interview (1)Nowadays,great importance has been attached to interviews by both the employer and th
41、e job-hunter.(2)On the one hand,the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the candidates,such as their work experience,education and their personalities,so as to pick out the right person.(2)On the other hand,the interviewee can make use of the opportunity to know the job,inc
42、luding salary,working conditions and opportunities for future development.(1)提出问题，点题，指出面试的重要性提出问题，点题，指出面试的重要性(2)从从interviewer与与interviewee两方面阐述面试在求职过两方面阐述面试在求职过程中的作用，为引出文章主题做铺垫程中的作用，为引出文章主题做铺垫问题解决型问题解决型第36页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】How to Succeed in a Job Interview (3)Therefore,the job interview is very importa
43、nt to a job-hunter.But how can we succeed in it?(4)Firstly,dress properly and neatly since the first impression is one of the keys to success.(4)Secondly，behave politely and confidently.Dont be too proud,and neither too shy.Show your expertise and abilities to the employer with respect and confidenc
44、e.(4)Last but not the least,the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background,for honesty is the best policy.(4)分层次解释分层次解释取得面试成功的三大因素，取得面试成功的三大因素，“last but not the least”意为意为“最后，但同样重要的是最后，但同样重要的是”(3)Therefore承上启下，承上启下，but提出主题提出主题问题解决型问题解决型第37页，本讲稿共106页v【范文】H
45、ow to Succeed in a Job Interview (5)To sum up,the job interview is really important,but there is no need to be nervous.(5)As long as you have the ability for the job and put the above principles into practice,you will most probably succeed in it.(5)“to sum up”引出总结，引出总结，“as long as”句型引句型引出建议，语言简练，连接紧
46、凑出建议，语言简练，连接紧凑问题解决型问题解决型第38页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板一】Nowadays,great importance has been attached to (目 前 的 现 象 及 存 在 的 问 题).Many ways can contribute to (要解决的问题),but the following ones may be effective.First of all,（方法1）.Besides,(方法2）.Finally,（方法3）.In conclusion/To sum up,the ways I have mentioned ab
47、ove should never be separated from each other.（希望）.问题解决型问题解决型第39页，本讲稿共106页v4.参考模板参考模板【模板二】With the _ of _,_.So its of great importance for us to _.On the one hand,_.On the other hand,_.However,we have figure out many ways to/As is known to all,there are many ways _.Firstly,_.So long as _.Secondly,_.
48、Thirdly,_.In fact/So its high time for us to,_.That is because _.In a word,_.问题解决型问题解决型第40页，本讲稿共106页v 应用文，就是在现实生活中有实际应用功能的文体，比如书信、通知、演讲稿、见证书、导游词等。应用文是大学英语四级考试中常见的考查内容，与议论文、记叙文和说明文相比，应用型作文与生活、社会的联系更加紧密，在格式、行文习惯等方面更讲究规矩。因此，无论写哪些应用型作文，都必须按其各自规范化的、约定俗成的格式来写，不能随意改变格式。下面主要讲述英文书信的构成、写英文书信时应注意的事项。应用型应用型第第71
49、页页第41页，本讲稿共106页v1.书信的构成书信的构成 英文书信一般分为六个部分：信头，信内地址，称呼，正文，结束语，署名。此外信末还可附上附件及再启。应用型应用型v2.书信的构成书信的构成 信头信头(Heading)信头通常包括发信人的地址和发件日期，置于信纸右上 角，离信纸的顶头约一英寸，在靠近信纸的中央开始写。地址的写法有小到大。若用印有信头的信笺，则打上发信日期即可。日期写法有英、美两种不同的格式。英国写法为“日、月、年”，美国写法为“月、日、年”。如：April 19,2007(American)19th April,2007(British)第42页，本讲稿共106页齐头式齐头式
50、：16 Brown St.Reading Berks England March 6th,2009应用型应用型v信头分两种：齐头式(Block Style）和缩进式(Indented Style）缩进式缩进式：16 Brown St.Reading Berks England March 6th,2009 第43页，本讲稿共106页 信内地址信内地址(Inside Address)(Inside Address)信内地址包括收信人的姓名、地址，写在左上方，位置比右上方发信人的地址和日期低1-2行，也是分数行从小到大依次书写。私人信件则不拘形式。在收信人名字前须加尊称如Mr.,Miss,Sir,