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1、1一、几种典型平台的结构组成一、几种典型平台的结构组成l自升式平台：平台主体；桩腿（圆柱自升式平台：平台主体；桩腿（圆柱|桁架）；升降机构桁架）；升降机构l半潜式平台：上层平台；下浮体（或浮箱）；立柱和撑半潜式平台：上层平台；下浮体（或浮箱）；立柱和撑杆杆l导管架平台：上部结构；导管架；桩导管架平台：上部结构；导管架；桩2二、二、海洋海洋立管立管l立管：连接钻井船或平台至水下井口的钢质管状结构。立管：连接钻井船或平台至水下井口的钢质管状结构。l按用途可分为：按用途可分为：DrillingCompletion/workover(similar to Drilling risers)Product
2、ion/injectionExport34二、二、海洋海洋立管立管l钻井隔水管作用：钻井隔水管作用：为钻井液提供通道为钻井液提供通道为钻杆从水面至井口导向为钻杆从水面至井口导向l组成：组成：多节钢管连接而成，每支钢管两端有特制接箍。多节钢管连接而成，每支钢管两端有特制接箍。张紧器：提供张紧力，避免压屈。张紧器：提供张紧力，避免压屈。伸缩隔水管：随船体有伸缩隔水管：随船体有4.6-9.1m的升沉。的升沉。上下球接头：上下球接头：56俄罗斯ZAO公司铝合金隔水管 俄罗斯俄罗斯ZAO公司采用铝合金公司采用铝合金(主要成分为主要成分为Al-Zn-Mg和和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu)作为隔水管材料作为隔水管
3、材料,在在满足强度要求的条件下满足强度要求的条件下,铝合金隔水管比钢制隔水管更轻铝合金隔水管比钢制隔水管更轻,在平台承载能力不变的情况下在平台承载能力不变的情况下,能够在更大水深的海域钻井。但是能够在更大水深的海域钻井。但是,ZAO公司隔水管采用的是法兰连接公司隔水管采用的是法兰连接,下隔水管时效低下隔水管时效低,不能有效提高钻井效率。不能有效提高钻井效率。7法国法国IFP和和Framatome公司公司CLIP隔水管隔水管从从20世纪世纪80年代起年代起,法国石油研究院法国石油研究院(IFP)和和Framatome公司就在开发公司就在开发CLIP隔水管隔水管,如图如图34。开发。开发CLIP隔
4、水管的主要目的是为了提供快速和安全连接的隔水管接头隔水管的主要目的是为了提供快速和安全连接的隔水管接头,来满足大直径、超深水钻井所需的高压力压井和节流管线的连接需要。目前来满足大直径、超深水钻井所需的高压力压井和节流管线的连接需要。目前,已经已经为为Pride International公司制造了公司制造了2套系统套系统,Pride International公司已经在公司已经在Pride Africa和和Pride Angola钻井船上使用。钻井船上使用。8图4CLIP隔水管接头9Cameron公司公司LoadKing隔水管系统隔水管系统LoadKing型法兰隔水管系统属于传统的钢制法兰式连
5、接隔水管系统型法兰隔水管系统属于传统的钢制法兰式连接隔水管系统,如图如图5。由于采用法兰式连接由于采用法兰式连接,隔水管系统连接强度大隔水管系统连接强度大,所以主要用来满足水深在所以主要用来满足水深在3 048 m(10 000英尺英尺)或以上的超深水钻井的需求。该系统包括钻井隔水管、张力环或以上的超深水钻井的需求。该系统包括钻井隔水管、张力环以及承载以及承载1 8144 t(4106磅磅)载荷等级的伸缩接头锁紧系统。该系统可以和最高载荷等级的伸缩接头锁紧系统。该系统可以和最高载荷等级的工业应用的卡盘、万向节和送入工具配套使用。载荷等级的工业应用的卡盘、万向节和送入工具配套使用。a隔水管 b隔
6、水管接头1011Low-pressure Drilling RiserDrilling risers is subdivided into Low-pressure risers&high-pressure risersThe standard drilling riser today is a low-pressure riser,open to atmospheric pressure at the top end.Thus the internal pressure can never exeed that owing to the drilling-mud weight.Low-pre
7、ssure risers comprise a central tube of 21 in.diameter and is equipped with peripheral lines.peripheral lines:1)kill and choke lines;2)booster line3)hydraulic lineRiser joint is equipped with syntactic foam buoyancy modules to reduce the weight in water.12Low-pressure Drilling Riser1)kill and choke
8、lines,used to communicate with the well and circulate fluid in the event of a gas kick for which the seafloor blowout preventer(BOP)has to be closed;2)booster line,used to injected fluid at the low end of the riser and accelerate the flow so as to better evacuate the cuttings.3)small-diameter hydrau
9、lic line,used to power the seabed BOPlperipheral lines:lperipheral lines are attached to the main tube by several guides.These have to be carefully designed,since they prevent the peripheral lines from buckling under the effect of internal pressure.13Low-pressure Drilling RiserJoints are equipped wi
10、th syntactic foam buoyancy modules to reduce the weight in water.Drilling risers are generally equipped with such modules over the upper part of their length.A short length close to the surface is usually left bare,to reduce hydrodynamic loads in the zone where the wave forces are greatest.The lower
11、 part of the riser is also often left bare,since the density(and cost)of syntactic foam increases with the required design pressure-and hence with depth.14Low-pressure risers15high-pressure riserslBOP is located at the surfacelThis riser has a much simpler architecture than does a low-pressured rise
12、r,since it does not require kill and choke lineslIn the event of a gas kick,the BOP is closed at the surface,which is immediately accessie on the drilling rig.Thus the riser has to be designed to take full well pressure.lMore risk when drilling,unless an adequate seabed disconnection system can be p
13、rovided in case of an emergency.16Production risersBundled risers,flexible risers,top-tensioned risers(TTRs),steel catenary risers(SCRs)Export risers is similar to those of Production/injection risers,but with larger diameters and lower pressures.17Bundled riserslEncompasses several different riser
14、architectureslInspired by architecture of lower pressure drilling risers.lComprise a core pipe with a number of satellite production resers around it,to which it was attached by guides.lThe central core pipe also served as the export riser.lEach satellite riser had its own tensioner18flexible riserslChanges in lateral offset of the platform tended to induce large variations in pipe tension,and large changes in position of the touchdown point(TDP)at the seabed.lTo reduce those effects,a number of architectures were developed for the section close to the seabed.1920SCRs