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1、2023 年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学技术 题型 主要内容 1 阅读理解 介绍了麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)最新公布的数字建设平台(DCP)将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。2 阅读理解 介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的科学家所做的贡献。3 阅读理解 介绍研究人员正在开发一种新技术，可以使机器人在同时与很多人交流时能应付自如。4 阅读理解 讲述研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波，将他的想法转化成语言并呈现到计算机上。5 阅读理解 讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业。01（河北省示范性高中 2022-2023 学年高三 9 月调研考
2、试英语试题）Housing ranks high among the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome before humans can colonize(征服)Mars.The brave pioneers that make the six-month voyage to the Red Planet will need a place to live in as soon as they land.While the best solution would be to have the structures ready
3、 before they get there,it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory.Now,there may be a bit of hope thanks to Massachusetts Institute of Technologys newly revealed Digital Construction Platform(DCP).The DCP comprises a double arm system t
4、hat is fitted on a tracked vehicle.As the larger arm moves,the smaller,precision motor robotic arm builds the structure by shooting out the necessary construction material,ranging from insulation foam(绝缘泡沫)to concrete.The team of researchers led by Ph.DSteven Keating say that unlike other 3-D printe
5、rs that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure,DCPs free moving systems can be used to construct structures of any size.The team recently demonstrated the DCPs building skills on an empty field in Mountain View,CAThe robot began by creating a mold with expanding foam
6、 that hardens when dry.It then constructed the building,layer by layer,using sensors to raise itself higher as it progressed.The final product was a sturdy“home”that had 50-foot diameter walls and a 12-foot high roof with room for essentials like electricity wires and water pipes to be inserted insi
7、de.Even more impressive?It took a mere 14 hours to“print”!The researchers next plan is to make the DCP smart enough to analyze the environment where the structure is going to be built and determine the material densities best suited for the area.However,thats not even the best part.Future DCP models
8、 are going to be solar-powered,autonomous,and,most importantly,capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings.This means the robot can be sent to remote,disaster-stricken areas,and perhaps even to Mars,to build shelters using whatever material is available.1What do we learn from t
9、he first paragraph?AHousing pioneers on Mars is a reality.BColonizing Mars is out of the question.CBuilding structures on Mars is in the testing phases.DFinding a liveable place on Mars is a top priority.2How does the DCP differ from other 3-D printers?AIt consumes less time.BIt comes in more differ
10、ent sizes.CIt is more environmentally friendly.DIt can build more diverse structures.3What is the third paragraph mainly about?AThe successful case of the DCP.BThe working principle of the DCP.CThe instructions of using the DCP.DThe limitation of the DCPs function.4What might be the biggest highligh
11、t of future DCP?ABeing powered by solar.BBuilding shelters anywhere.CCollecting building materials on site.DAnalyzing building material densities.02（2022河南洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years,but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.In the 1820s,Frenc
12、h scientist Joseph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role.In 1850,American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight.Inside the bottles,Foote compared dry air,
13、wet air,N2,O2 and CO,and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed up more and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2.In 1859,Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gases in the atmosphere ab
14、sorb.And in 1896,Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2 in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up:These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of climate science.The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected en
15、ergy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical processes related to climate changes.The predictions and the explanations based on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.The mod
16、el was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Hasselmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes.Hasselmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.“The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do.Figuring it out
17、is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,”Manabe said.“There are many things we can do to prevent climate change.The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”So,its up t
18、o us to solve the problem that these pioneers helped the world understand.5What does the word“humid”underlined in paragraph 2 mean?ACool.BCold.CDry.DWet.6What is Klaus Hasselmanns contribution to climate science?AHe found that CO2 causes global warming.BHe invented a unique measuring instrument.CHe
19、improved Manabe and Wetheralds model.DHe built a reliable model on climate change.7What is paragraph 5 mainly about?AThe biggest problem with the climate model.BThe necessity for human beings to take action now.CThe challenge of understanding climate change.DMeasures to be taken to prevent climate c
20、hange.8Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ANegative Effects of the Global Warming BHistoric Breakthroughs in Climate Science CMain Causes Leading to Climate Change DDifficulties of Preventing Climate Change 03（2022河北邯郸高三开学考试）To effectively interact with humans in crowded socia
21、l settings,such as malls,hospitals,and other public spaces,robots should be able to actively participate in both group and one-to-one interactions.Most existing robots,however,have been found to perform much better when communicating with individual users than with groups of conversing humans.Hooman
22、 Hedayati and Daniel Szafir,two researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,have recently developed a new data-driven technique that could improve how robots communicate with groups of humans.One of the reasons why many robots occasionally misbehave while participating in a group conv
23、ersation is that their actions heavily rely on data collected by their sensors.Sensors,however,are prone(易于遭受)to errors,and can sometimes be disturbed by sudden movements and obstacles in the robots surroundings.“If the robots camera is masked by an obstacle for a second,the robot might not see that
24、 person,and as a result,it ignores the user,”Hedayati explained.“Based on my experience,users find these misbehaviors disturbing.The key goal of our recent project was to help robots detect and predict the position of an undetected person within the conversational group.”The technique developed by H
25、edayati and Szafir was trained on a series of existing datasets.By analyzing the positions of other speakers in a group,it can accurately predict the position of an undetected user.In the future,the new approach could help to enhance the conversational abilities of both existing and newly developed
26、robots.This might in turn make them easier to serve in large public spaces,including malls,hospitals,and other public places.“The next step for us will be to improve the gaze behavior of robots in a conversational group.People find robots with a better gaze behavior more intelligent.We want to impro
27、ve the gaze behavior of robots and make the human-robot conversational group more enjoyable for humans.”Hedayati said.9What is the technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir based on?AData.BCameras.CExisting robots.DSocial settings.10What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?AThe working procedure
28、of robots.BThe ability of robots to communicate.CThe experience of the researchers.DThe shortcomings of existing robots.11What will happen if a robots camera is blocked?AIt will stop working.BIt will break down.CIt will abuse its user.DIt will misbehave.12What do we know about the new data-driven te
29、chnique?AIt is considered a failure.BIt has been used in malls.CIt gets satisfactory result.DIt only works with new robots.04（2021浙江湖州高三阶段练习）Researchers say they have used brain waves of a paralyzed man who cannot speak to produce words from his thoughts onto a computer.A team led by Dr.Edward Chang
30、 at the University of California,San Francisco,carried out the experiment.“Most of us take for granted how easily we communicate through speech,”Chang told The Associated Press.“Its exciting to think were at the very beginning of a new chapter,a new field to ease the difficulties of patients who los
31、t that ability.”The researchers admit that such communication methods for paralysis victims will require years of additional research.But,they say the new study marks an important step forward.Today,paralysis victims who cannot speak or write have very limited ways of communicating.For example,a vic
32、tim can use a pointer attached to a hat that lets him move his head to touch words or letters on a screen.Other devices can pick up a persons eye movements.But such methods are slow and a very limited replacement for speech.Using brain signals to work around disabilities is currently a hot field of
33、study.Changs team built their experiment on earlier work.The process uses brain waves that normally control the voice system.The researchers implanted electrodes on the surface of the mans brain,over the area that controls speech.A computer observed the patterns when he attempted to say common words
34、 such as“water”or“good.”Over time,the computer became able to differentiate between 50 words that could form more than 1,000 sentences.Repeatedly given questions such as“How are you today?”or“Are you thirsty,”the device enabled the man to answer“I am very good”or“No,I am not thirsty.”The words were
35、not voiced,but were turned into text on the computer.In an opinion article published with the study,Harvard brain doctors Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash called the work a“pioneering study.”The two doctors said the technology might one day help people with injuries,strokes or diseases like Lou Gehrig
36、s.People with such diseases have brains that“prepare messages for delivery,but those messages are trapped,”they wrote.13How is the new method different from the current ones?AIt involves a patients brain waves.BIt can pick up a patients eye movements.CIt is a very limited replacement for speech.DIt
37、can help a patient regain his speech ability.14What does the underlined word“differentiate”in paragraph 4 mean?AOrganize.BLearn.CDistinguish.DSpeak.15What was Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cashs attitude towards the study?APositive.BNegative.CDoubtful.DCritical.16Which of the following is the best title
38、 for the text?AResearchers Found Good Methods to Help Paralyzed Patients BDevice Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Help Him Communicate CYears of Additional Work Needed to Improve the Communication Methods DDevice Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Cure His Speaking Disability 05（2022安徽高三开学考试）W
39、hen people think of farming today,they usually picture a tractor(拖拉机)rather than horses in the farmland.Thats because tractors that relied on engines revolutionized farming in the late 1800s.Now a new type of tractor can do the same in the 21st century.Agriculture has been changing dramatically in t
40、he last few decades.The push for innovation is fed by the need to produce larger amounts of food for a growing world population.Autonomous tractors may be the key to solving this challenge.They can be used to carry out labor-intensive farming while allowing farmers to do other work.A big plus is tha
41、t it can increase crop output while reducing costs because the autonomous machines can work in all weather conditions without any rest.Part of push for automation is a shortage of farm workers due to peoples desire to have higher paying jobs with better work conditions.Farm owners are competing agai
42、nst companies like Amazon and restaurants that are raising wages to attract workers.“With labor shortages and the increase in the hourly wages that have to be paid in order to be competitive,all of a sudden automation seems like a more reasonable decision,”said David Swartz,a professor at Penn State
43、 University.Many believe the time is ripe for an autonomous revolution because robotics is already in use in agriculture.One company that is working to bring autonomous tractors into main stream farming is Blue and White Robotics,an Israeli agricultural technology company,whose mission is to make a
44、fully autonomous farm.The company released an autonomous tractor kit in February 2021 that can be fixed on any existing tractor.The kit includes camera detection,speed controls,as well as an anti-crash system.Blue and Whites kit is being used by West Coast growers in the US.It may soon come to a far
45、m near you.17What contributes to the agricultural revolution according to Paragraph 2?AThe urge to feed more people.BThe extreme weather conditions.CThe need to reduce farming cost.DThe desire for automatic farming.18What is Swartzs attitude to automation?ACritical.BNegative.CSupportive.DIndifferent
46、.19What can be inferred about Blue and Whites kit?AIt has been widely used.BIt can be made in many firms.CIt can improve safety of tractors.DIt will detect the way of farming.20What may be a suitable title for the text?AAutomation Is Transforming Agriculture BBig Companies Are Making A Difference CD
47、riverless Tractors Are Worth Investing DTraditional Farming Is Falling out of Date 参考答案：1C 2D 3A 4C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)最新公布的数字建设平台(DCP)将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。1推理判断题。第一段的“While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there,it has s
48、o far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory.(虽然最好的解决方案是在结构物到达之前做好准备，但鉴于大多数建筑机器人从未走出实验室，这一直是一个挑战)”推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段。故选 C 项。2细节理解题。根据第二段的“.unlike other 3D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure,DCP
49、s free moving system can be used to construct structures of any size.(与其他仅限于构建适合其整体外壳的物体的 3D 打印机不同，DCP 的自由移动系统可用于构建任何尺寸的结构)”可知，与其他 3D 打印不同，它可以建造更多样化的房屋。故选 D 项。3主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The team recently demonstrated the DCPs building skills on an empty field in Mountain View,CA.(该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了 DCP 的建筑
50、技能)”可知，本段主要介绍了 DCP 的成功案例。故选 A 项。4细节理解题。根据最后一段的“most importantly,capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings.This means the robot can be sent to remote,disaster-stricken areas,and perhaps even to Mars,to build shelters using whatever material is available.(最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构件。这意味着