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1、连词一、概述：连词是连接单词、短语或句子（包括从句与分句）的词。连词是虚词，在句子中一般不重读，不能单独作句子成分。二、连词的分类（一）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, as well as, neithernor等。1）and: 可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。例如：He started to shout and sing. 连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。2）bothand “不但而且； 既又”，可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成分。并列主语时谓
2、语动词用复数形式。例如：Both New York and London have traffic problems. The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.3）not onlybut also “不但.而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。a.连接两个成分not onlybut also可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。例如：Not only the students but (also) their teacher is
3、enjoying the movie.He can speak not only French but (also) English.He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.b.并列两个句子not onlybut also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时， not only后的句子要倒装。例如：Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.Not only was everything he had taken away, but
4、 his citizenship.4) as well as 其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。例如：The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. I have read his novels as well as his plays.5）neithernor “既不也不”连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。例如：Neither you nor I am wrong.连接两个句子，当neither, nor放句首时，该句倒装。例如：Neither could theory do without practice, n
5、or could practice do without theory.2. 表选择关系的or, or else, eitheror, otherwise等。1) or “或” 可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。主语的人称、数不一致时, 动词随着接近的主语而变化。例如：John or you are in Class Two. He never smokes or drinks. Will you have tea or coffee? 2）or else “否则”例如：Hurry up, or else well be late for the meeting.3）otherwise
6、 “否则” 例如：Lets begin, otherwise, we will fall behind.4）eitheror “或者或者” 连接主语时，谓语动词依据就近原则。例如：Either my father or my brothers are coming.3. 表转折关系的but, while（而）, yet, however（然而）, notbut等。例如：Learning the guitar isnt difficult ,but you have to practice.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while i
7、n fact I was talking about my daughter.He was in deep trouble , yet he didnt lose heart.Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.notbut“不是而是”在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.Not you but I am a tea
8、cher.4.表因果关系的for, so, therefore等。1) for表示原因，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开。例如：The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.2）so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。例如：These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.3）therefore意为“因此, 所以”，多放在分句或句子的前面。例如：He broke the law ,therefore he
9、was put into prison.（二）从属连词：从属连词用来连接各种从句。1连接主语从句，表语从句和宾语从句常用连词有三个：that, if, whether.例如：We all know that the earth moves around the sun.I want to know whether/if he will come back soon.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.2.引导状语从句的从属连词1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词有：since（自从）, until（直到）, after, bef
10、ore, when, while, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since2）连接让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, even if, however3）连接原因状语从句的从属连词有：as, because, since, now that 4）连接目的状语从句的从属连词有：that, so that, in order that5）连接条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, once, in case6）连接结果状语从句的从属连词有：sothat, suchthat7）连接方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if(as
11、 though)Exercises:用适当的连词填空。1.Lily could swim well _ she was young.2.I did _ he told me.3.Hurry up, _ you wont find a seat.4.You cant know _ you try.5.Ive not seen him _ he left.6.Lucy can speak a little French _ Jim cant.7.I didnt meet you _ the rain was late.8.I got up early _ I can get to school o
12、n time.9.I know you better _ he does.10.I was reading _ she was playing games.11.Youll miss the rain _ you hurry up.12.It looks _ its going to rain.13._ you are all here, lets begin.14.You can ask him to do the work _ you want.15.You should look both ways _ you crosss the road.16.I wondered _ she wo
13、uld come or not.17.Ill tell her about it _ I see her.18._ it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.19.Young people love this time of year _ its good for sports.20.Summer comes _ spring.21.Tom is tall _ his brother is short.22.You may come _ on Friday _ Saturday. I m free these days.23.I didnt know _ he had passed the exam.学科网（北京）股份有限公司