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1、 名词冠词讲义l 名词要点名词的数（1）个体名词的数1.The roofs of the rooms were covered with_ (leaf).2.Either you or one of your family members _（be）to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids.3.Many young people plan to take _ (turn) to host parties in the coming holiday.4.-Where did you two have y
2、our _ (stomach) examined?-At our local hospital.5.The teacher as well as the students who _ fond of football, _ playing together. (be)6.Each man and each woman in the neighboring villages _ (have) a bad opinion of him, but he is spoken better of by the village leaders7.（改错）I managed to climb out，but
3、 much to my shocking one of my boys was missing.8.（改错）Im one of the students who works hard in English and have won several prizes in some English contests.9.（改错）Each student should make good preparation for the College Entrance Examination.（2）集体名词本身即有复数含义These deer _ (be) small compared with other
4、species of deer.My family _ (is) well-known in the region now.（3）不可数名词的数1）物质名词前加量词 a bottle of water10.My friends and I ordered two teas and five _ (coffee) when we had lunch.11.Water is valuable in the world but large amounts of water _ (be) wasted.12.（改错）We were very happy to help each other and h
5、ave lots of funs.（4）复合名词的数1.以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。如： homework, newspaper等。2.以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。如：woman doctorwomen doctors, man waitermen waiters。3. 以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外)，一般把后面的名词变复数。如：boy friendboy friends, paper bagpaper bags。4. 以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面名词变复数。如：father-in-l
6、awfathers-in-law。5. 以“动词 / 过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时，在词尾加s。如：grown-upgrown-ups, stand-bystand-bys13. The old couple are pleased with their three _ (son-in-law).14. In our city, there are one million _ (grown-up).15. Our local government awards 5000 dollars to four _ (woman) nurses and _ (man) doctors.名词的格
7、主格 My sister loves cats more than Tom. / more than does Tom who 宾格 My sister loves cats more than Tom does.主格宾格统称为通格与格 to sb所有格1、表示所属关系、类别、动作的执行者或接受者2、表示节日、时间、距离、地点、机构、度量衡、天体的什么3、双重所有格16. Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in foreign countries, guests can go to the _ (barber) to have a
8、 haircut directly.举例All the any halfa/an one every each either neither many a more than one each A and BMany a number of (a) few these Much an amount of (a) littleThis thatLots of most more17. So far, more than one answer _ (give) to the question.18. In recent years Chinese arts have won the _（appre
9、ciate） of a lot of people outside China.19. The teacher asks all the students to make _ (prepare) for the English class.20. But much，like other sports events，a lot of professional _ (compete) rule the triathlon world.21.（改错）I was one of the final run to finish. But I finished！And I got a medal.l 冠词用
10、法不定冠词用法：1.表示“一”的概念，即 one I have a book.2.表示“又”的概念，用在序数词前，即再一次 a fifth failure3.表示“每一”，相当于every，per， an apple a day4.泛指一类事物、初次见到的人或事 A camera is useful.5.表示某个人或物，或某个人的所属物 Theres a Smith.6.动词转化为名词 take a walk7.用于固定搭配 in a hurry come to an end定冠词用法1.特指一类人或事物，常被定语或定语从句修饰2.指世界上独一无二的事物3.指由普通名词构成的专有名词及群岛山河
11、江湖海、沙漠海峡和海滩4.加在序数词、最高级修饰词的名词前，比较级表示特指时也要用5.the+复数姓氏表示一家子The Smiths _（have）their breakfast when the morning post came.6.the+adj/v-ed过去分词表示一类人7.the+西洋乐器/方位8.表示双方已知的人或事物9.表上文提及的人或事物10.泛指一类人或事物零冠词1.专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词及人名、地名、职务头衔前不加冠词2.年份、季节、节假日、日期、一日三餐前不加冠词3.学科、球类运动、棋牌游戏前不加冠词4.系动词turn后，可数名词单数前不加冠词5.表同一个人或物的多
12、种身份，只在第一个可数名词前不加冠词The knife and fork _ (be) on the table.6.独立主格结构中，可数名词单数放在句首不加冠词7.as/though 引导让步状语从句，可数名词单数放在句首不加冠词8.no such后的可数名词单数前不加冠词9.表泛指的抽象名词前不加冠词10.专有名词前不加冠词11.固定搭配In front of in the front ofTake place take the placeIn words in a word高考冠词固定搭配常记高频 不定冠词短语: a bit (of)有一点 a few 一些 a great deal 大
13、量 a kind of 一种 after a while一会儿后 a little 一点 a good /great many大量 a number of 许多 a lot of 许多 a pair of一个/张/块等 a quantity of一些 a pair of一双/副/对 a moment ago一会之前 all of a sudden突然 as a rule通常 as a result因此 as a matter of fact事实上 at a loss不知所措 亏本 a waste of 浪费 a matter of 大约 左右 at a distance(保持一定距离) do
14、a good deed做好事 do sb . a favor帮某人忙 once upon a time(从前) have/take a rest休息 for a while 暂时 get a lift/ride 搭车 go on a diet用规定食谱, 节食 have a look 看一看 have a walk 散步 have a break休息一下 have a try试一试 take /have a bath洗澡 have a swim游泳 have a cold have a good/happy time have a gift for(对有天赋) have a holiday休假
15、,度假,放假 have a population of 有多少人口 have a history of 有多长的历史 give a shout 大喊 make a choice 做出选择 make a decision 做出决定 make a plan 制定方案 make a suggestion提个建议 half an hour半小时 in a moment立刻 once in a while偶尔 in a hurry急匆匆 in a word总之 once upon a time从前 once in a while (时不时 偶尔) make an effort/efforts努力 mak
16、e a living谋生 make a mistake犯错误 make an apology抱歉 pay a visit拜访 give sb a hand帮某人 keep an eye on照看；关注 have a fever发烧 .have a pain疼痛 have a cough咳嗽 in a way在某种程度上 have a word with sb与某人交谈 Have words with sb 与某人吵架 come to an end结束 Come to an agreement同意 lead/live a happy life 过着快乐的生活 take a rest /break
17、 休息一下 turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻 turn a blind eye to视而不见 定冠词某些固定词组： make the most/best of充分利用 in the daytime在白天 in the end in the habit of 有的习惯 常常 not in the least =not at all 毫不 in the distance在远处 in the way挡路 on the whole大体上 on the right on the one hand on the other hand at the same time at the moment
18、 go to the cinema the other day (前几天) for the time being暂且 on the radio on the spot立即 当场 to tell the truth说实话 by the way on the left在左边 in the east在东边 on the other hand 在另一边 in the end 在最后 in the daytime在白天 to tell the truth说实话 on the contrary相反 in the middle of 在中间 go to the cinema去看电影 at the age o
19、f 在岁时 at the very start一开始 on the air正在播送 on the way 在途中 on the whole整体上 from the behind从后面 to the right朝右边 to the amount of总计达 to the east of在东方 to the full完全的 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/中午/晚上 零冠词： knife and fork mother and son at dawn/daybreak/dusk .at first sight second to none (首屈一指 on
20、 second thoughts进一步考虑后 come to light显露，大家熟知 side by side肩并肩 little by little渐渐地 year by year一年年地 catch acold感冒 for the lack 由于缺乏 take/haveaninterest in 对感有兴趣 in theface of面临着 take pride in以自豪 come to office=take office就职 give birth to引起，产生 in case of如果，万一 out of order故障，违反规章 in use in debt欠债 under r
21、epair正在修理 day and night side by side相互支持，一起 shoulder to shoulder hand in hand by weight按重量 by mistake错误地 in place of代替 catch fire着火 for certain无疑地 定冠词词/不定冠词区分： a number of 假设干，一些 the number of 的数目号码 at a cost of 以为价格 at the cost of 以为代价 for a moment 一会儿，片刻 for the moment 暂时，目前 in a fashion 以方式(样子 in
22、 the fashion 赶时髦，随大流 of a day 短命的，昙花一现 of the day 当时的，当代的 of an age 同年 of the age 当代的，现代的 to a point 在某种程度上 to the point 中肯，扼要，切题 to an end 结束 to the end 到底 零冠词和定冠词的区别 at table 正在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁 by sea 乘船，走水路 by the sea 在海边，在海岸上 .by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 到海边去 go to
23、 school 上学 go to the school 到这那所学校去 in care of 由转交 in the care of 由照管 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由来说；至于 in course of 正在之中 in the course of 在期间 in court 在法庭上 in the court 在院子里 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面部位 in open 公开地 in the open 在户外 in point of 就而言，关于 in the point of 马上，正要 in possessio
24、n of 占有，拥有 in the possession of 被占有拥有 A +in charge of+B A控制B A+in the charge of +B B控制A in red 穿红色衣服 in the red 亏损，赤字 in rough 用草稿的方式 in the rough 大约，大致 in secret 秘密地，私下地 in the secret 参与秘密，知道内情 of age 成年 of the age 当代的，现代的 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的 at school 上学 at the school在学校
25、by day白天 by the day按日计算 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院 .in charge of掌管 in the charge of在掌管之中 in place of取代 in the place of在的位置上 in front of在前面 in the front of在的前端 in office执政 in the office在办公室内 go to bed上床睡觉 go to the bed朝床边走去 go to church做礼拜 go to the church去教堂 leave school 辍学 leave the school离开学
26、校 take place发生 take the place of代替 live on farm务农 live on the farm住在农场 two of us 我们中的两个 the two of us我们两个 零冠词和不定冠词的区别 at birth 出生时 at a birth 一胎生 in word 在口头上 in a word 总而言之，简言之 of age 成年 of an age 同年 take note of 注意到 take a note of 把记录下来 take account of 考虑到 take an account of 把登帐 冠词的省略: from north
27、to south 从北到南 from east to west 从东到西 from beginning to end 从头至尾 day after day日复一日 day by day一天天地 .face to face面对面 hand in hand手拉手 shoulder to shoulder肩并 arm in arm臂挽臂 side by side肩并肩 little by little渐渐地 year by year一年年地 不用冠词: at college在上大学 at dark 天黑时 at dawn 拂晓时 at dinner在吃饭 at home 在家里 at peace处于
28、和平状态 catch hold of抓住 come back to life苏醒 in addition另外 in advance 预先 in good condition情况良好 in good order 有条不紊 keep in touch with 与保持联系 learn by heart背诵 lose weight减肥 on business 因公出差 on foot 步行 by air/car/bus/ship 乘飞机 pay attention to注意 *名词冠词*1.Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in for
29、eign countries, guests can go to the _ (barber) to have a haircut directly.2.The Smiths _（have）their breakfast when the morning post came.3.In recent years Chinese arts have won the _（appreciate） of a lot of people outside China.4.It was the natural disaster，rather than human errors，that _（be）to bla
30、me for the death of so many innocent people.5.Either you or one of your family members _（be）to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids.6. Jane realized her _ (ambitious) to become the first woman to run the 10,000 meters within 30 minutes.7. Many young people plan to take _
31、(turn) to host parties in the coming holiday8. The teacher asks all the students to make _ (prepare) for the English class.9. My friends and I ordered two teas and five _ (coffee) when we had lunch.10. We have to admit the fact that this experiment is a complete _（fail）11. The roofs of the rooms wer
32、e covered with_ (leaf)12. Where to find the teacher and where to do the experiment _ (be) not known.13. The knife and fork _ (be) on the table.14. So far, more than one answer _ (give) to the question.15. These deer _ (be) small compared with other species of deer.16. The teacher as well as the stud
33、ents who _ fond of football, _ playing together. (be)17. My family _ (is) well-known in the region now.18. -Where did you two have your _ (stomach) examined?-At our local hospital.19. The old couple are pleased with their three _ (son-in-law).20. In our city, there are one million _ (grown-up).21. O
34、ur local government awards 5000 dollars to four _ (woman) nurses and _ (man) doctors.22. Learning hard _ (be) very important to us students now.23. In fact the innovation is just one move in a huge project to improve Chinese teachers housing _ (condition) in recent years24. Water is valuable in the
35、world but large amounts of water _ (be) wasted.25. A modern library is being built in our school so that we students will have _ (accessible) to good books.26. Each man and each woman in the neighboring villages _ (have) a bad opinion of him, but he is spoken better of by the village leaders27. -Is
36、everyone here?Not yet. Look, there _ (come) a guest.28. Its said that a singer and TV star _ (be) coming to give us a wonderful performance next Saturday.29.The head teacher，together with his students，_（be）planning to post the winning poems on the Campus Network30.The factory used 65 percent of the
37、raw materials，the rest of which _（be）saved for other purposes.二，单句改错1.Thank you mean you appreciate what someone has done for you，no matter how small it is.2.I managed to climb out，but much to my shocking one of my boys was missing.3.I have heard that English volunteers is wanted in the summer vacat
38、ion.4.We were very happy to help each other and have lots of funs.5.I come from New York and is having an enjoyable time in Beijing.6.In order to keep healthy，you have to refuse a variety of delicious snack and junk food.7.Im one of the students who works hard in English and have won several prizes
39、in some English contests.8.More than one worker have been sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years.9.A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents are nearby 320000 in Beijing.10.The computer system crash
40、ed and I lost three hours worth of work.11.On the contrary, I think it is Truman，rather than you，are to blame.12.However，the grass under our foot is green enough.13. Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.4.In the last 25 years，the population of
41、Singapore have doubled to more than five million.15.Each student should make good preparation for the College Entrance Examination.1. Neither you nor I nor anybody else _（know）anything about it now.2.This switch has decreased_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking wa
42、ter safer for people.3. My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _（science）who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.4. Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.5. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the incr
43、ease in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _ (weigh) problems.6. Already well over 400 of the total of 6800 languages _ (be) close to extinction（消亡）, with only a few elderly speakers left.7.When most people think of the arts，they imagine the end product，the beautiful painting，a wonderful pi
44、ece of music, or a award-winning _ (perform) in the theater.8. The coming technological advancement _ (present) a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.9. _ (curious) gave us all a natural awareness.10. On top of that，most of the 3-D food _ (print) now are restricted to dry ingredien