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1、牛津上海版2022届高考语法填空强化训练Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(一)Lost
2、 at seaTwo men from the Solomon Islands have been rescued after spending 29 days lost at sea.The men _21_ (travel) to another island when heavy rain and wind took them out to sea. The two men survived on oranges they had packed, coconuts they found in the sea and by gathering rainwater.“I look forwa
3、rd to going back home _22_ I guess it was a nice break from everything,” one of the men, Livae Nanjikana,told The Guardian.Nanjikana and Junior Qoloni took off from Mono Island on Sept. 3 in a motorboat to travel 200 km to Noro on New Georgia Island. However, soon after they set out, their boat was
4、hit by heavy winds and rain, which made unclear the coastline they were following _23_ a guide.“When the bad weather came, it was bad, but it was _24_ (bad) and became scary when the GPS died,” he said. “We couldnt see where we were going and so we just decided to stop the engine and wait, _25_ (sav
5、e) fuel.”When the rain had finally passed, Nanjikana and Qoloni had already drifted far out to sea. They spent the next 29 days _26_ (live) off of limited supplies and by gathering rainwater with _27_ they could make use of to keep themselves alive. A fisherman found and rescued the two men on Oct.
6、2 off the coast of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, about 400 km from _28_ they had started.Nanjikana and Qoloni _29_ (bring) to a local health clinic for treatment and are staying temporarily with a local man, Joe Kolealo, until they _30_ return home.(二)Rising To the ChallengeCyclists must dig deep t
7、o complete whats been called the toughest climb in the world. They race up to Wuling Peak to the finish line in the King of the Mountain (KOM) Challenge. Every October some of the worlds best cyclists battle (21) _ the title. Starting at sea level, the route climbs to a height of 3, 275 meters at th
8、e end, covering 105 kilometers. Ever since I started cycling seven years ago, completing the KOM climb (22)_ (be) a goal of mine. Every year I thought that I needed to prepare for it and used that as my excuse. But (23) _(look) back, I realize I would have been fine. Cycling uphill was no problem fo
9、r me then- it was thrilling. Now its exhausting. Last summer I finally decided to take on Wuling with some friends. Our 89-kilometer route started at the base of the mountain and was a little shorter than the official KOM race. But its the final 10 kilometers (24) _are the most demanding: This is th
10、e steepest part, (25) _ makes the climb so hard. We began early in the morning as a group of 17 riders. But only three of us would make it to the top. A support car was necessary, especially on a ride like this, (26)_ (help) keep us energetic. The first part of the ride went through Taroko Valley, a
11、 magnificent park. Ive hiked there, (27) _. Ive always wanted to bike it. I saw dramatic rocky outcrops, canyons, waterfalls and forests as I zipped through the valley and up the mountain road. Even though it was August, the weather was perfect. Unfortunately, the support car that carried our lunch
12、(28)_ (delay). By the time it arrived, I was starving. Being consumed of energy even for that short time affected the rest of my ride. When the hard last 10 kilometers arrived, I really struggled to complete them. At one point I_(29) see how close the top of the peak was, but it still felt so far aw
13、ay. Fortunately, determination carried me to the finish. (30) _(exhaust), I conquered Wuling! What a tremendous feeling!(三)Artists Show Concern for Environment at Smithsonian Craft ShowThe United Nations says more than one million plant and animalspeciesare likely to die out because of human activit
14、y. That threat (21) _ the environment and concerns about climate change influenced people attending theSmithsonian Craft Showlast month. The show gave recognition to artists (22) _ (create) environmentallysustainableworks.The Smithsonian Committee is made up of volunteers from the Washington, D.C. a
15、rea. Joann Symons is the groups president. “In recent years, weve noticed that the artists in our shows have been working with more renewable materials and methods (23) _ are environmentally safe. Thats (24) _ weve decided that we will reward those efforts by offering a Sustainability Award every ye
16、ar at our show,” said Symons.At the show last month, 120 artists from across the United States presented works of art in 12 different materials. Twenty-one artists met the requirements for sustainability. By doing so, they won the right (25) _ (compete) for the Honoring the Future Sustainability Awa
17、rd. The winner received a prize of 1,000 dollars.Mary Jaeger creates her works of art in a nearly 100-year-old factory building in Brooklyn, New York. She makes artworks that (26) _ be worn as clothing. It combines the time-honored qualities of Japanese textiles with modern Western designs. Jaeger w
18、on the “Honoring the Future Sustainability Award” for her silk creations. She makes them by hand, combining earlier projects with materials (27) _ (leave) over. The artist said, “(28) _ I look at these beautiful silks that I have acquired over the years of designing, I wanted to repurpose them into
19、something that was truly beautiful, but completely different than the original product.”Fran Dubrowski (29) _ (head) Honoring the Future, a nonprofit organization that provides the sustainability award. She said the group (30) _ (set) up totake advantage ofthe power of art to educate and engage the
20、public on climate change.(四) Billionaires Race to SpaceIn late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon（ 23） (fly) to the edge of space62 miles （above Earths surfaceon a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin. 100kilometers） “Best day ever,”
21、 Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, （ 22）others werent so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued,（23）be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.Bezos wasnt the first billionaire to set his sights on spa
22、ce. Nor was he the first （ 24） _ （ criticize ） about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week （ 25 ）_the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund,（26）_（ develop）by his company Virgin Galactic.Crit
23、ics say that the money（ 27） _（go） toward commercial space travel would be better spent on（28）_they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics decla
24、re. （ 29 ）_naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.”But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds（ 30）（put）toward high-paying jobs and a new industry.
25、 Thats money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.(五)How do you define success?What do you think a successful person is? Some
26、one who makes a lot of money? Someone who is remembered by future generations? Or someone who changes the world? A volunteer teacher and his students came to remind us of our more humble measures of success. Liang Jun sang the poem alongside a group of his students from the incredibly poor Wu Meng M
27、ountain region in southwest China. The poem, by the famous poet Yuan Mei，（21） _ （entitle） Moss （苔）. The message goes like this: （22） _ it is tiny, seemingly insignificant and has worse conditions for growth, moss is able to grow and flourish just like the peony. In the modern world, more and more in
28、dividuals from rural areas （23） _ （flood） into cities to find success. With this wave of urbanization, competition for jobs, love and just about everything else is fierce. Ordinary people （24） _ （lack） connections, a desirable appearance or other desired qualities can often feel frustrated with thei
29、r circumstances. The poem serves as a reminder for everyone （25） _ we dont have to be the peony. When we study human history, we come across names like Genghis Khan, Neil Armstrong and Mao Zedong. We credit these individuals with tremendous achievements, but we tend to forget the countless individua
30、ls （26） _ helped them achieve greatness. Mongol leader Genghis Khan wouldnt have been able to conquer half of Europe and Asia （27） _ his incredible army. Nor could Chairman Mao have possibly built the Peoples Republic of China by （28） _. So, is it truly necessary for our names （29） _ （write） down in
31、 history books? Most people will likely forget about Liang Jun and his brief appearance on CCTV. However, everyone （30） _ （inspire） will remember his message. They will take heart from his inspirational words，and open their own paths in life. The poem Moss may live longer in our memories and inspire
32、 many future generations to achieve their measures of success. (六)Something to Boast aboutAre your information data safe and reliable? In an ideal world such data, however informative and exploratory they are, (21) _ a scientific study is based on should be, if not publicly available, then at least
33、available to other researchers. Sadly, this is not always the case.Many scientists are still quite unwilling to have their data revealed though attitudes are changing. This attitude, (22) _ selfish, is understandable.But sometimes it can cover a darker secret. The statistics presented in a paper may
34、 have been controlled to achieve a desired result. The author may, in other words, have cheated. If he releases the data, that cheating will be obvious.Now Sean Wilner and his colleagues (23) _ (come) up with a way of reconstructing all the possible data sets that could have given rise to that resul
35、t, which includes (24) _ (release) the data. And they call the way CORVIDS (Complete Recovery of Values in Diophantine Systems).(25) _ (simplify) the task of spotting abnormal data, CORVIDS turns the possible data sets into a three-dimensional (三维的) chart. This makes any unusual patterns apparent. F
36、or example, every (26) _ (reconstruct) data set may be missing values at one end of the scale. That might make sense occasionally. Generally, though, such a gap would be a red flag. It would suggest either that the statistics were reported incorrectly or (27) _ there were problems with the fundament
37、al data.CORVIDS is likely to be (28) _ immediate value to editors and reviewers at academic journals, who will be able to spot problems with papers early, and so discuss them with the authors. If an unresolvable problem (29) _ show up, then the technique can be applied to previous work by the author
38、 in question, to see if anything systematic is going on.But its speed makes it a useful first step. If the data sets (30) _ finds do not show any strange patterns, CORVIDS is unlikely to show oddness, either.Anyway, the trustworthiness of scientific papers will take a step up with CORVIDS.(七)Do Anim
39、als Dream?You cant see your sleeping pets brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming. If you watch closely, youll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, (21) _ (call
40、) slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes youll notice a change (22) _ her eyes move under her closed lids. Fluffy has entered the REM(Rapid Eye Movement), or dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs (23)
41、_ (block), so she cant run about. Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats, (24) _ (interrupt) their sleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly. (25) _ _ they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet
42、couldnt see and bent their backs at invisible enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams!What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed (26) _ (practise) important cat skills: stalking, pouncing, and fighting.In (27) _ study, Matt Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorde
43、d rats brain waves while they learned mazes(迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming
44、 about!Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills (28) _ were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dream
45、ing affects our ability to learn.Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish (29) _ not. (Theyre not sure about birds.)How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats
46、 dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when (30) _ (lie) down. (八) The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the sta
47、te to the companies that make it. The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system (21) _ or through their suppliers. That is (22) _ the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply (23) _ (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020 (24) _ forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosm