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1、结合高考英语真题阅读之长难句解析高中英语学习，素来有“得阅读者得天下”之说，关于如何得阅读经广大一线教师多年潜心研究，众说纷纭。笔者作为小教一名，主要结合全国I卷几篇阅读语料，就阅读中的长句分析略发表想法一二，不成熟之处，望海涵。鉴于英语是典型形合语，高中生若想做好阅读试题，长句分析是不可或缺的基本技能之一，而该项技能的获得，不是简单了解从句结构，而是需要精通五种基本句型，七种句子成分，常考特殊语法现象，比如祈使句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气等，此外能就常考词类活用及派生词有一定认知，并能就句子意群之间的聚合关系进行逻辑辨析。例句：阅读A篇1. Not a student? Go to the
2、government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. 分析：这是典型的广告文陈述方式，采用了自问自答的设问方式，前面的问句用了省略形式，补充完成就是If you are not a student, and you want to find summer jobs, what can you do. 回答就是You can go to the
3、 government website to learn(不定时表目的) about programs and online tools（并列关系） available（两个并列名词的后置定语） to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. （help sb do sth宾补结构，但补语部分为build、find和start三个动词的并列）2. Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training
4、 and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.分析：主干provide sb with sth的结构，Summer Company(主语) provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000（awards的后置定语） to start and run（不定时表目的） their own summer businesses（名词词组意群）.3. Through the Summer Employm
5、ent Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.（阅读A篇）分析：Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program（方式状语）, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions a
6、cross the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups（对the Provincial Public Service这个名词短语的诠释）.阅读B篇1. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I dont know, but
7、 I want to know.”分析：“It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains（插入语）, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language（especially引导的插入语，对前面any student的内容进行加深处理）, to feel confident enough to（形式主语It所指代内容） say, I dont know, but I want to know.”2. Whaley got the idea of this
8、 second-grade presidential campaign project（A of B，两个名词性意群构成的固定结构，一般译为B的A固定结构） when（时间状语从句引导词） he asked the children one day to raise their hands（ask sb to do sth, one day作为时间状语插入其中） if（when从句内的条件状语从句引导词） they thought they could never be a president. 阅读C篇1. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples i
9、dentities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. 分析：Thus（与上文的逻辑语义关系，信息定位关键词）, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension（插入语）, whether they should be given access to the comput
10、er its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right（破折号后的诠释）.2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. 分析：Data collected from the device（后置定语，是定语从句的简化形式） could be used to recognize diff
11、erent participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. 3. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 分析：The researchers say that
12、 the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and（and并列两个谓语动词，主语为the keyboard） is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. 阅读D篇1. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found mysel
13、f.分析：They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but（not A but B 不是A二是B的固定结构） by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others（三个v-ing形式的动词词组并列）, among whom I soon found myself.2. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interperso
14、nal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. 分析： The likables plays-well-with-others qualities（超长名词性词组做主语） strengthen（谓语动词）schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and（并列前面的strengthen和后面的are employed两个谓语动词）, when tapped early,（插入语） are employed ever aft
15、er in life and work. 3. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”分析：It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment（主语从句中的比较状语）, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”（黑体部分为主语从句，但因为谓语动词sho
16、w太短，用it做形式主语）四级仔细阅读模拟Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
17、 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldnt tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy.
18、 Thats because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because its an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pa
19、y decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your serv
20、er makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd see
21、ms logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, wa
22、iters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didnt believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get
23、on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perrys pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesnt ask you to do drunken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He
24、 intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It f
25、orces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want t
26、o preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult t
27、o please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)
28、 Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Do
29、es that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when theyre paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which sti
30、mulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesnt the extra money in the pockets of those countries consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher
31、Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent i
32、ts economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations cant afford to import as much as the
33、y used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Con
34、sumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings theyre getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for globa
35、l consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil pri
36、ces on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subje
37、ct to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserve
38、s to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to g
39、ive rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why havent falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another
40、 recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.【答案解析】46.根据题目中的Bill Perry这个专有名词，我们可以定位到文中的第一段话。在But后面有提到“我能告诉你我喜欢这个小伙子。因为他打算禁止付小费这种情况，而赞成给服务员实际的工资”。B选项和这句话的含义接近，get rid of意为“摆脱”，和ban“禁止”含义相近;plan to和
41、intend to含义一样。所以正确答案为B.47.根据题干中的关键词the author hates tipping和main reason可以返回原文，定位到第三段。文中说“我讨厌它，因为它将义务伪装成一种选择。”既然是义务，那必然是强迫顾客去做的事情，这和C选项的含义较为接近。48.根据关键词many people love tipping返回原文，我们可以定位至第四段。根据文中第二行的You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes.可知，这题应该选择D选项。49.文中问的是调查中一些服
42、务员的观点，这在第五段的最后一句话中有所体现，文中说：一些服务员不认为他们的工作会受到收到的消费的影响。50.本题问作者的观点，切记文中无人认领的观点便是作者的观点。在第六段的末尾有提到说，作者支持Bill Perry的观点，而Bill的观点就和D选项是近义表达。46. B He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.47. C It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.48. D They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49
43、. A Services quality has little effect on tip size.50. D Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.答案解析：51. C The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.解析：本题是主旨题，原文第一段表示“过去油价下降总是刺激世界经济增长，但是即使现在油价下降越来越多，最新对经济增长的预测却不容乐观，这意味着更低的油价和增长之间的关系削弱了吗?”这第一段点明了主题，后面的段落都是在讨论油价下降为什么以前可以刺激经济增
44、长，而现在却不再能刺激经济增长了。可以看出是C是正确答案。52. D Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.解析：根据原文第二段 “some experts say there are still good reasons to . They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy”，可以看出是D正确选项。53. C They use their money reserves to back up cons
45、umption.解析：根据原文第三段中“draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers”，可以看出C是正确选项。54. B Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.解析：根据原文第五段中“the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil”可以
46、看出B是正确选项。55. C Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.解析：根据原文第六段中“so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy”，可以看出是C正确选项。参考答案：51. C The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.52. D Consumers will spend their savings
47、from cheap oil on other commodities.53. C They use their money reserves to back up consumption.54. B Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.55. C Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.Part Reading Section C(卷二)Passage OneSugar, alcohol and tobacco,
48、economist Adam Smith once wrote, are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation.Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putti