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1、高考英语语法讲义：定语从句考点汇总定语从句三部曲1. 找出先行词；2. 确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语，状语；3. 选择正确的关系词。几个关系代词的基本用法thatthat:可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于whichAletteriswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.Doyouknowthegentlemanwhospokejustnow?Whatisthequestion_theyaretalkingabout?Hereistheman_youwanttosee.只能用that不能用which的情况1.先行词为
2、不定代词时：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one.2.先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修饰时；the only book, justthebook/ the very book3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时；4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时；5.先行词既有人又有物时；6.先行词是数次时；(two, ten, a hundred)7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；8
3、.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；9.主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词；10.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。(主语+be+n./adj.;主语+系动词+adj.)whichwhich:指物；可作主语，宾语，状语。1. The book_was on the desk was bought by my father. 2. The book _I bought yesterday is very interesting. 3. The factory his father w
4、orks is far from here. 只能用which不能用that 的情况：1. 介词后面只能用which；IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?2. 非限定性定语从句中。MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.3.当关系代词后面带有插入语时；HerestheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.4.先行词是those+复数名词.Ashopsho
5、uldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.who,whom,whosewho:主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人；whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人；whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。（whose = of which或of whom） I like the students who work hard. All who heard the story were amazed. Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.A childwhose parents(
6、=the parents of whom/of whom the parents) are dead is called an orphan.Id like a room whose window faces south.The bookwhose cover(=the cover of which/of which the cover) is red is there.只能用who不能用that的情况 1. 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时；Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeeti
7、ngyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-fornothing.2. 在非限定性定语从句中；Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.3在here be开头的句子中。Hereisaboywhowantstoseeyou.WhenWhen 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, year, month等） He came last night when I was
8、 out.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.when=介词+whichIstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.(when=onwhich)Hecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.(when=atwhich)Wewillneverforgettheyear1949,whenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.(when=inwhich)比较Istillremembertheday-_mybr
9、otherjoinedthearmy.Istillrememberthedays-_we spent together. 先行词是时间名词，但在定语从句中做宾语或主语时，先行词不能用when。WhereWhere 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。（如：place, school, factory, room等） This is the place where I was born. Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.where=介词+whichIrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.
10、(where=inwhich)Iwouldliketoliveinacountrywherethereisplentyofsunshine.(where=inwhich)比较Thesmallmountainvillage_wespentourholidaylastmonthisnowveryfamous.Thisisthepark_theyvisitedlastyear.先行词是地点名词，但在定语从句中做宾语或主语时，先行词不能用where。WhyWhy 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代。Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that
11、)hedidntattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.比较Idontbelievethereasonthat/whichhegaveme. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? 当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，不能用why 引导。先行词在从句中做状语时，关系词才可以用when， where和why。补充当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。 This is the way that / in which I do such thi
12、ngs.Pleasedotheexperimentinthewaythat/whichIhaveshownyou.(做宾语)as的用法Hewasaforeigner,_Iknewfromhisaccent.A.thatB.asC.whereD.why如为限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等结构中。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have). Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.比较：I live in
13、the same house that he used to live in.Imwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如“。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoonehealth.补充无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中充当一定的成分，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。Thisi
14、sthebookthatIborrowedityesterday【误】.TheEnglishCorneristheplacewherepeopleoftengotheretopracticetheirspokenEnglish【误】.关系词的省略在下列情况下，关系词在非正式文体中可以省略:1. 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。 Are these keys (that which) you were looking for？Theman(who/that)Iwassittingnexttoontheplanetalkedallthetime.
15、2以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 I dont like the way (that/ in which) she walks.Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.3在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。 I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.Thatstheplace(where)hesta
16、yedwhenhewasinthecountry.一些重要用法All (that)=All=what ,例如All that(=What/All)can be done has been done.whatever whoever whomever whenever, whichever, whereverYou can choosewhatever【=anything( that) you like】you like.Whoever(=Any person who) wants to may go.You may choosewhomever【any person (that)】you li
17、ke.You can comewheneveryou are free.You may go wherever you want to go.You may choose whichever you like.The bookthat/whichis written in English is there. Themanthat/whois popular is there(先行词做主语，不省略)The book(that/which)he likes is there. Theman(that/who/whom)he likes is there(先行词做宾语，可省略)The book ab
18、out which he is talking=The book（which）he is talking about is there.Theman about whom he is talking is there=Theman （whom） he is talking about is there(先行词做宾语，可省略)The bookwhose coveris red is there= The book the cover of which is red is there,The manwhose fatheris a doctor is there=The man the fathe
19、r of whom is a doctor is there.Theplace (that /which) he visited is there . (先行词做宾语，可省略)Theplace whereIwork is there .Theplace that /which is beautiful is there . (先行词做主语，不省略)Theplace about whichIknow nothing is there=.Theplace (which)Iknow nothing about is thereTheplacewhose name(the name of which) is Beijing is there .名词，both/neither/either/each/ of which/whom+v, v总+其他名词，none/all/not all/some/most of which/whom+v, v总+其他As is known to us all/As could be expected/As we all knowIfeeljustthe same as you do.学科网（北京）股份有限公司