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1、初三英语二轮复习专项-宾语从句宾语从句是历年中考必考语法点，中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在三点：1. 连词的选择；2. 语序：任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。3. 时态 当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态；当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态；当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。1 语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等
2、。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many pe
3、ople there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中
4、作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为
5、“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any wa
6、shing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt he
7、r feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether s
8、he will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊
9、疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动
10、词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引
11、导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont know if he will
12、 come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略：She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that)
13、 they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。Everybody knows (that) money doesnt grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldnt drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要
14、沿着海岸开车。【注】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语：I dont suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面
15、花太多时间We didnt think wed be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。I dont suppose Ill trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。( )1.Itssodark. Icantfind out itsaboy agirl. A.if,and B. that,and C.either,or D.whether,or( )2.Could youtellmeifhe toShanghai? A. hasgone B. had gone C.went D.go( )3.Hetoldme she would catchthe early
16、bus. A.which B. whether C. why D.that( )4.Mrs.Greenaskedme I would go with her. A.what B. which C. why D.that( )5.Idontknow thecoat cheapenough. A. if,is B. where,were C.that,was D.if,were( )6.Canyoutellmewhy yesterday? A.you didnt come B.didyou notcome C.didntyou come D.you dont come( )7.Hesaidthat
17、 they Yunnan. A. havebeen to B.had gone to C.have gone to D.hasgoneto( )8.Jackisntsure students thereareinhisclass. A. howmany B. what C.which D.whether( )9.Canyoutellme yesterday?A.whatthey do B. what they did C.what dotheydo D.what didthey do( )10.Iwanttoknow hishomeworkyesterday evening.A. ifhefi
18、nished B.whether hehadfinished C.hadshefinished D.hasshe finished( )11.Doyou know what thistimeyesterday? A. they aredoing B.arethey doing C.they weredoing D.were they doing( )12.Excuseme,canyoutellme ? A.why wasthetrainlate B.why thetrainwaslate .C. why isthetrain late D. why thetrain is late( )13.
19、Do you know where ? Someoneislooking for him. A. heis B.he was C.ishe D.washe( )14.Hewanted toknowhowlong inhospital. A.she is staying B. shehadstayedC.did she stay D.she stay( )15.LiLeitold Jim . A. howmuchyuan is thesweater B.howmuchisthesweaterC.howmuchthesweater is D.howmuchthe sweater was( )16.
20、He toldmethathe toLondonthe next day. A.would go B.go C. went D.hasgone( )17.Hesaid thatlight muchfasterthansound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D.istraveling( )18.Ourteacher said thatthemoon around theearth. A. turn B.turned C.hasturned D.turns( )19.Hesaid thatApril the monthofa year. A. is
21、,third B.is, fourth C. was,fourth D.was,third( )20.Do you know ? A. is itwhose pen B. whose penisit C.whose penitis D. itis whose pen( )21. Canyou tellme ? A.whoareyou B. whoyouare C. youarewho D.whoyou be( )22.Do you know ofthethree? A.which bookshe likesbest B.which bestbook doesshelikeC.that whic
22、hbookshelikesbest D.which bookshe bestlikes( )23.Ihear the teacher will comebackfromthe UK soon. A.which B.that C.when D.whether( )24. Canyou tellme languageshespeaks? A.which B. what C.that D.whether( )25. Canyou tellus you grow cotton inyour country? A. that B. whether C. which D.whose( )26.Idontu
23、nderstand yousaid. A.when B.that C. where D.what( )27.Do you know themeeting will begin? A.when B.that C. where D.what( )28. Canyou tellme themeetingwill begin? A.what B.whether C. when D.where( )29. surprisedmemostwas hedidnt gotoschoolyesterday. A.What, how B.What,that C.That,that D.Whom,that( )30
24、.Iwondered theyhadbeen toAmerica. A. if B.what C. who D. that ( )31. Canyou tellme Mr.Green livesinRoom2318? A. that B. where C.until D.if( )32.Do you know Jack left soearly? A.what B. why C.until D.though( )33.Theywill be thankfulfor you havedone. A.what B.that C.which D.who( )34.The boy asked howf
25、ar the moon fromthe earth. A.was B. were C. is D.was( )35.Itold themthatthesun intheeast. A.rises B.rose C.has risen D.wasrising( )36.Youmustremember thetrain . A. that,leaves B.when,leaves C.when,willleave D. if,leave( )37.Do you know shewill gotothecinemawithus? A. if B. where C.who D.which( )38.T
26、he children said they themselvesverymuch. A. if,enjoy B. why,enjoyed C. where,enjoy D.that，enjoyed( )39.Idontthink I outthe problem. A. if,canwork B. how,will work C.that, canwork D.when, willwork( )40.Sheisafraid he acold atnight. A. that,will catch B.that, catches C. whether,will catch D.is, catch
27、es( ) 41.Wearesure he to speakEnglishwell. A. that,learned B. that,haslearnedC.if, learned D.if, haslearned( )42.The boy asked I anynoise fromoutside. A.when, heard B. why,hadheard C.whether,hadheard D.what, heard( )43.Who cantell us about over there?A.whatthey talk B. whatdo they talk C. whatare th
28、ey talkingD. what they are talking( )44.Wecouldntfind out ,so weasked apoliceman. A.whosebikeitwas B.whose bikewasit C. whoseitwasbike D.whosewasitbike( )45.Do you know taketo gettothe hospital? A.whichway mustwe B.whichmustweway C. whichwaywemust D.which wemustway( )46.Tomasked to schoollate. A.who
29、did oftencome B. who often cameC. whyhadsheleft D.why she had left( )47.Idontremember theboy byhimself. A.why did she leave B.why she left C. why hadsheleft D.why she had left( )48.Have youforgotten when hedied? A. how oldhewas B.how oldwas heC. whatdid hesay D. what hedidsay( )49.Nobody knows tovis
30、itourschool. A.whenwill become B. when doeshe come C. when he willcome D.when hedoescome( )50.Pleasetell us totheScience Museum. A. how can wereach B.howwecanreach C.how can weget D. howwecan get句子翻译1. 他们正在讨论如何处理这个问题。2. 他习惯和朋友通过微信来交流。3. 为什么不上网搜寻一下信息呢?4. 这次，你最好不要拒绝参加这次会议。5. 你介意和我一起编首曲子吗？6. 我忍不住吃光了所有的
31、水果沙拉。7. 在工作中我们应该尽力避免犯同样的错误。8. 对于我们而言，学会和他人紧密合作是必要的。9. 自从她去了国外后，你们彼此还保持联系吗？10. 请警告他不要在离开时任由水龙头一直开着。11. 你知道历史上第一只风筝是由木头做成的吗？12. 依靠你自己是多么有意义啊！13. 我们应该帮助残疾人而不是仅仅同情他们。14. 众所周知选择公共交通工具将有助于减少空气污染。15. 人类已经意识到保护野生动物的重要性了吗？16. 他在向我解释病毒已经使一切都出错了。17. 这个科学家正忙于在公共场合做演讲。18. 环境污染如此严重，以致导致了各种疾病。19. 他建议我们接受新挑战并三思而行。2
32、0. 去年你父亲多久去北京出差一次？21. 我父母对我如此严格，以致我真的感到筋疲力尽。22. 他已经决定放弃工作去周游世界。. .23. 据说这本书将被译成英语。 .24. 这本书给我许多关于如何改善我们生活的好建议。25. 我们相信谭盾的音乐会将给我们开启一个全新的世界。26. 我们认为打断别人说话是不礼貌的。27. 今天，这位著名的人士将根据他自己的经历来谈谈餐桌礼仪。28. 教练们将使用什么方法来帮助他们实现梦想?29. 他把他的一生都奉献给了基础教育的发展。30. 这些大学生们已经下定决心为贫困地区的孩子们创办新学校了。31. 应该采取更多的措施来关注每个细节。 .32. 如果你遵循这些小步骤，它们会对地球产生巨大的影响。33. 我怀疑他是否撒谎，并且是否值得和他谈一谈。34. 每当我们难以做出决策时，总盼望着您宝贵的意见。 .35. 他不断练习并且在英语上取得了进步。36. 这位发明家从不灰心，最终成功地发明了这个最新的机器人。37. 这位老师经常鼓励孩子们改善他们的发音。 .38. 这个女孩不仅对音乐感兴趣，而且有舞蹈天赋。.39. 有些孩子既不参加体育运动，又不注意健康生活方式。.40 .图书馆的书保管得井井有条，并能满足我们的需要。学科网（北京）股份有限公司