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1、 八上Unit1-Unit4必背知识清单 U1-U4描述病情常用的表达方式1.have a+疾病名词/身体部位名词接后缀achehave a headache2.have a sore+身体部位名词have a sore back3.hurt(s)+身体部位/反身代词He hurt his back/himself.trouble的用法trouble n.困难,麻烦have trouble(in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”类似用法：have problem/difficulty/fun(in)doing sth.have trouble with意为“在有麻烦/困难”get i
2、nto trouble意为“陷入困境”be in trouble意为“处于不幸（苦恼；困境）之中”I have trouble making new friends.He has trouble with his teeth.辨析 die, dead, dying与deathdie不及物动词，表示“死；死亡”Flowers will soon die if they are left without water.dead形容词，表示“死的；无生命的”He has been dead for five years.dyingdie的现在分词，也可作形容词，表示“垂死的；濒于死亡边缘的；枯萎的”S
3、he is dying.她快要死了death名词，表示“死；死亡”The police are trying to establish the cause of death.与up相关的短语第 6 页 共 6 页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司grow up成长；长大fix up修理clean up打扫（或清除）干净set up建立cheer up使高兴give up放弃call up打电话给（某人）turn up(把声音）调大think up想出catch up(with)赶上stay up熬夜show up出席；露面put up举手；张贴；挂起
4、eat up吃完；吃光辨析 alone 和lonelyalone adj.意为“单独的；独自的”,表示无人陪伴,只陈述客观事实,不带感情色彩,在句中只作表语alone adv. 意为“单独地,独自地”，相当于by oneself,在句中作方式状语lonely adj.(1)作表语，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，带有浓厚的感情色彩，强调心灵上的孤独与寂寞(2)作前置定语，意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”She is alone in the house.She lives alone in the village.He feels lonely.The old man lives in a lonely mou
5、ntain village.辨析 run out, run out of 与 use uprun out“动词十副词”型短语，表示“被用完了（be used up)”的含义，其主语通常是表示时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词Our food soon ran out.run out of作及物动词短语，后接宾语，表示“用完（use up)”的主动含义，主语一般是人We have run out of our food.use up意为“用完；耗尽”，主语既可以是人，也可以是物，既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态We have used up our food.make a difference的用
6、法make a(big/great) difference to sb./sth. 对某人 /某事有（很大的）影响，此处的to为介词 U3-U4辨析 borrow, lend与keepborrow借（入）borrow sth.from sb.向某人借某物lend借（出）lend sb. sth. =lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物keep 保留，引申为“借用”“sb.keep(s)sth.+for+时间段”表示“某人借某物多长时间”【注意】keep是延续性动词，可与时间段连用，borrow和lend是瞬间动词，不可与时间段连用the+比较级，the+比较级用法the+比较级，th
7、e+比较级意为“越,越”即两个比较级前加定冠词the,构成两个分句，前一个分句作状语，表示假设或条件，后一个分句表示结果。e.g. The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be.【拓展】“比较级and+比较级”意为“越来越”，当其中的形容词或副词为多音节词时，其表现形式为“moreand more+形容词或副词”Bill is getting fatter and fatter.Our school is more and more beautiful.allow的用法allow用作及物动词，意为“允许”。其常见用法主要有：allo
8、w + n./pron.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事instead与instead ofinstead句首或句末表示前面的事没做而做了后面的事instead of跟名词、代词、动名词与前面成分并列作宾语He was ill at home, so I went to the meeting instead.The boy didnt answer me, instead, he asked me a question.We stayed at home watching TV instead of going to
9、the movies. explain的用法explain sth.to sb.= explain to sb. sth.向某人解释某事The lawyer explained the new law to us.explain+宾语从句He explained that each person has his own understanding of what freedom is.explain+特殊疑问词动词不定式Can you explain why to do it like that?辨析 compare.with.与compare. tocompare with. 和比较” 常表同类相比较Its necessary to compare English with Chinese in English pare. to. 意为 “把意为 “把比作” 常用于异类相比、比喻Teachers are often compared to gardeners.