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1、初中英语语法 中考复习/学习专题讲义英语动词时态三种一般时态常考用法和注意点知识点总结一般现在时的基本用法与特殊用法一般现在时的基本用法一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作、说话时某人或某物的特征或状态,以及客观真理。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every day等时间状语连用。如:I often work at night.我经常在夜间工作。Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough.足够热时,液体变为气体。However cold it is, she always goes swi
2、mming.不管天多冷,她总是去游泳。一般现在时的特殊用法当时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词表示将来的动作或状态时,习惯上要用一般现在时表示。如:If you come, we will wait for you.如果你来,我们就等你。When he gets here, the work will be finished.当他到这儿时,工作将做完了。Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided.尽管他不赞成我们当观点,他还是会按我们的决定去做。另外,在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),ta
3、ke care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:Make sure you come back soon.你要保证快点回来。We must take care that no one sees us.我们必须注意别让人看见我们。Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings.当心别伤了她的感情。Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater.注意别让宝宝接近加热器。Mind you read the e
4、xamination questions carefully before you begin to answer them.在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。还有,在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:It doesnt matter where we go on holiday.我们去哪儿度假都行。I dont care whether we win or lose.我不在乎我们是赢还是输。一般过去时的四种重要用法用法一:基本用法一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。主要表示在过去某个
5、时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与when, then, at that time, just now, a moment ago, three days ago, last year, yesterday, in 2006等连用,但更多地是通过上下文来表明时间。如:They gave it to me just now.这是他们刚才给我的。He left for New York a week ago.他一周以前动身去了纽约。We spent three days in sightseeing.我们花了三天时间观光游览。She lived a long life and died a nat
6、ural death.她活了很长,无疾而终。用法二:表示过去的习惯一般过去时也与used to一样,可以表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如:She came to see us every day.她每天都来看我们。I smoked forty cigarettes a day till I gave up.我戒烟前一天要抽40支烟。用法三:表示“本想”think, mean等表示“想法”的动词的过去时有时可以表示过去未曾实现的想法,通常译为“本想”。如:We thought to return early.我们本想早点回来的。I meant to get up early, but
7、 forgot to set the alarm.我本想要早起,但忘记了上闹钟。I wanted to see the exhibition but the queue put me off.我本想去看展览会,但是排队的人太多,使我不想看了。注:更多的时候是用过去完成时表示以上用法。如:I had meant to come, but something happened.我本想来,但有事就没有来。I had intended to speak, but time did not permit.我本想发言,可是时间不允许。用法四:用于揭示真相在特定语境中,当要揭示某情况的真相时,我们习惯上要用
8、一般过去时。如:Its not as big as I expected.那东西不像我预料的那么大。(不能说:. as I have expected.)Youre older than I thought.你的岁数比我想的要大一些。(不能说:than I have thought.)You wont come? But you promised!你不会来了?可是你答应过要来的呀!(不能说:But you have promised!)学习一般将来时必须注意的五点(1)基本用法一般将来时由“will / shall+动词原形”构成,主要用于表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:I
9、 shall remember all you have said.我将记住你所有的话。Jim will help with the concert.吉姆将帮助组织这次音乐会。I will discuss this with you when we meet.我们见面时我将和你讨论此事。(2) be going to的用法“be going to+动词原形”也是表示将来的一种常用方法,它主要用于表示打算和预测。如:Hes going to speak at the meeting.他将在会上发言。He is going to have his sight tested.他准备去验光。(3) b
10、e to do sth的用法用“be to+动词原形”表示也可表示将来,即表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作。如:She is to be married next month.她预定在下个月结婚。The expedition is to start in a weeks time.探险队预定在一周后出发。另外,该结构还可表示命令、禁止或可能性等。如:He is to stay here till we return.在我们回来之前他必须呆在这里。No one is to leave this building without the permission 0f the police.未经警方人
11、员的允许,任何人不得擅自离开这所房子。(4) be about to do sth的用法“be about to+动词原形”主要表示即将要发生的事。如:Look! The race is about to start.看,比赛快要开始了!A press conference is about to be held.即将举行记者招待会。注:该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。如:误:He is about to leave soon (tomorrow).另外,该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句):Im not about to lend him any more money.我不打算再借给他任何钱。(5) be due to do sth的用法“be due to+动词原形”可用于主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。如:The talk is due to last for three days.会谈将持续三天。The race is due to start in ten minutes.还有十分钟赛马就该开始了。学科网(北京)股份有限公司