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1、初中英语语法 中考复习/学习专题讲义英语动词时态动词时态常见语法易错点专题归纳总结时间或条件状语从句不能用将来时态由when, as soon as, before, after, as, until等引导的时间状语从句以及由if, unless, as long as, in case等引导的条件状语从句不能直接用将来时态,遇此情况英语习惯上用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:趁早动手,免得忘了。误:Do it before you will forget.正:Do it before you forget.我到达那儿后就给你写信。误:Ill write to you after I will
2、get there.正:Ill write to you after I get there.如果他来,请告诉我一声。误:In case he will come, let me know.正:In case he comes, let me know.when习惯上不与现在完成时连用when表示“何时”“什么时候”时,可用于过去时态或将来时态,但通常不用于现在完成时。如:你什么时候和他首次见面的?误:When have you first met him?正:When did you first meet him?但是,since when可以与现在完成时连用。如:Since when ha
3、ve you lived here?你从什么时候起住在这里的?Since when have you become active?你什么时候开始变得积极了?Since when do you read newspapers?你什么时候开始读报的?That was in 1949, since when things have been better.那时是1949年,从那以后情况就好些了。ago习惯上不与现在完成时连用在通常情况下ago只与过去时连用,而不与现在完成时连用。因为ago指的是多久以前的过去时间,而现在完成时表示的动作虽然发生在过去,但它强调的是与现在的联系或对现在的影响,因此两者
4、不能用在一起。如:我两个月前见过他。误:I have seen him two months ago.正:I saw him two months ago.但是,有时为了行文的需要或使句子生动,ago可用于类似以下这样的句子:I had thought that he had died at least 20 years ago.我原以为他至少在20年前就已经去世了。以下句子ago虽然连用了动词的“完成式”,但并不是“完成时”。如:If shed had the chance, shed rather have lived 100 years ago.如有可能,她宁愿生活在100年以前。If
5、I had been Jane, Id have walked out on him years ago.如果我是珍妮,我几年前就离开他了。这个forget的时态要小心请看下面的题目:“I_his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I_to bring my phone book.”A. forget, forgetB. forgot, forgotC. forget, forgotD. forgot, forget【分析】此题容易误选A,认为“忘记”是现在的事。仔细体会一下对话的语境:第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”,这个“忘记”应该是现
6、在的事,即现在忘记了,要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了,故第一空应填forget;第二个人说“我有他的号码,但我忘记带电话本了”,这个“忘记”应该是过去的事,即过去忘记带电话本,所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词but),故第二空应填forgot。请再看一例: Oh, I_where he lives. Dont you carry you address book?No, I_to bring it.A.forget, forgetB.forgot,forgotC.forget, forgotD.forgot, forget答案选C,理由同上。过去完成时的用法提醒过去完成时主要表示过去
7、某一时刻或某一动作之前的动作、状态,有时也表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间结束。如:When I turned around, the boy had disappeared.我一转身男孩就不见了。He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。注:某些表示“想法”的动词(如intend / think / plan / expect / hope等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望或打算。如:He had hoped to find a job soon.他本来希望很快找到工作。I had inte
8、nded to come to see you last night, but someone called and I couldnt get away.我原打算昨晚来看你,但有人来访,我拖不开身。若意思明确,以上过去完成时有时可用一般过去时代替。另外,在hardly / scarcelywhen和no soonerthan这类固定结构中,主句时态总是要用过去完成时。如:We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们刚出发就下起一阵雷暴。Hardly were the words uttered than he began to r
9、egret them.话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。表示动作最近发生的现在完成时下列副词可以表明动作等是最近发生的:just (刚刚)Ive just tidied up the kitchen.我刚把厨房收拾干净。recently (最近)Hes recently arrived from New York.他最近从纽约来。already (已经):用于疑问句和肯定陈述句Have you typed my letter already?Yes, Ive already typed it.我的信你已经打好了吗?是的,我已经打好了。yet (已经):用于疑问句,询问所希望听到的事:Have you passed your driving test yet?你已经通过驾驶考核了吗?yet亦可用于否定句中,表示未做但希望做的事:I hayent passed my driving test yet.我还没有通过驾驶考核。still (还),at last (终于),finally (最终):I still havent passed my driving test.我仍未通过驾驶考核。(尽管我作出了努力)I have passed my driving test at last.我终于通过驾驶考核了。(经过我的努力)学科网(北京)股份有限公司