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1、功能目的论与实用翻译第1页，本讲稿共30页校园依山傍水，花香四溢，绿树成荫，堪称求学胜地。The good scenery on the campus makes it an ideal place for learning and academic pursuits.第2页，本讲稿共30页在家靠自己，出门靠国旅。（西安国旅广告）At home youre your own boss.In China your Aladdins Lamp is at CITS.第3页，本讲稿共30页Uncle Toms CabinIvanhoRed Star Over ChinaGone with the W
2、ind黑奴吁天录撒克逊劫后英雄略西行漫记飘第4页，本讲稿共30页Evil rolls off Evas mind like dew off a cabbage-leaf.此女盖出水新荷耳。骤雨密点，不能有一星之驻。如吾夜娃尘污何得遽侵。林纾 黑奴吁天录第5页，本讲稿共30页Translation is not a process of trans coding,but an act of communication.翻译并非代码转换的过程，而是一种交流活动。The text is an integral part of the world,not a specimen of language.
3、文本是现实世界的一个组成部分，而不是语言标本。第6页，本讲稿共30页Skopos TheorySkopos theory is an approach to translation which was developed in Germany in the late 1970s.Translation is not viewed as a process of trans coding,but as a specific form of human action.Like any other human action,translation has a purpose,and the word
4、 skopos,derived from Greek,is used as the technical term for the purpose of a translation.第7页，本讲稿共30页The prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose (Skopos)of the overall translational action.第8页，本讲稿共30页Two General RulesThe coherent rule:the target text must be sufficiently c
5、oherent to allow the intended users to comprehend it,given their assumed background knowledge and situational circumstance.The fidelity rule:a translation should be as faithful as possible to the original text.第9页，本讲稿共30页It is not the source text as such,or its effects on the source-text recipient,o
6、r the function assigned to it by the author,that determines the translation process,as is postulated by EQUAVALENCE-based translation theories,but the prospective function or skopos of the target text as determined by the initiators,i.e.Clients needs.与等值翻译理论不同的是，功能目的论认为，决定翻译过程的，并不是原文本、其在原语读者身上产生的效果、
7、和原作者赋予文本的功能，而是翻译发起者所规定的目的文本所要达到的预期功能或目的，也就是客户的需求。第10页，本讲稿共30页Equivalence-based vs.skopos-basedEquivalence-based theories:ST,effects on ST recipients,function assigned by the author determining translation process.Skopos-based theories:prospective function or skopos of TT determining translation proc
8、ess.第11页，本讲稿共30页功能目的论对于翻译方法的重新检视删减、改写“按照译语文化的准则来调整或改写原文，是每个专业翻译者日常工作的一部分。我们尽可以在方法论上把翻译和改写区分开来，但我们怀疑这对我们有什么用。我宁愿把改写的特型纳入翻译的概念之中，好让人们（也就是翻译的使用者和发起人）了解翻译究竟是怎么回事。”第12页，本讲稿共30页Cette semaine on tuer le cochon!This week we kill the pig!This week were going to kill the pig!This week we will kill the pig!Thi
9、s week the pig is going to be killed!Special OfferFresh and Abundant第13页，本讲稿共30页删减与改写减与改写 Deletion and Adaptation一听说妈妈要退休，他立即行动起来，首先是要恢复知识青年的身份，至于上学、工作这一段历史，不要了，抹去吧，只要争得几只公章 王安忆：本次列车终点站 He had acted as soon as he learned that his mother was retiring and one of her children could take her job.He had
10、gone here and there to get his papers stamped,a troublesome and complicated business.(喻璠琴译)第14页，本讲稿共30页这里三千座奇峰拔地而起，形态各异，有的似玉柱神鞭，立地顶天；有的像铜墙铁壁，巍然屹立；有的如晃板累卵，摇摇欲坠；有的如盆景古董，玲珑剔透神奇而真实，迷离又实在，不是艺术创造胜似艺术创造，令人叹为观止。3000 crags rise in various shapespillars,columns,walls,shaky egg stacks and potted landscapesconj
11、uring up fantastic and unforgettable images.第15页，本讲稿共30页刘备章武三年病死于白帝城永安宫，五月运回成都，八月葬于惠陵。Liu Bei died of illness in 233 at present day Fengjie county,Sichuan Province,and was buried here in the same year.第16页，本讲稿共30页翻译目的与翻译策略翻译目的与翻译策略 Skopos and Translation Strategies一、原语信息的取舍应用翻译属于服务信息业，应以满足顾客或委托人的需求为
12、宗旨。顾客或委托人属于不同行业，要求提供不同内容和不同形式的语篇。第17页，本讲稿共30页由潘鹤教授设计的贺龙元帅铜像，屹立在天子山贺龙公园。铜像高6.5米，重约100吨。（张家界旅游画册）The Grand Bronze Statue of Marshal He Long.He Long(1896-1969),one of the founders of the Peoples Republic of China,born in Sangzhi,somewhat 60 kilometers from the tourist site,led many battles during the C
13、hinese Civil War and Anti-Japanese War.第18页，本讲稿共30页 团结湖北京烤鸭为全聚德挂炉烤鸭。为保证宾客品尝精美风味，全部现吃现烤。精选纯北京白鸭，以果木挂炉烤制，只需40分钟就能品尝到为您特别烤制的色泽枣红、香酥脆嫩、浓香四溢的正宗烤鸭。（中国旅游饭店协会：吃在北京No.12,1995）Tuanjiehu Beijing Roast Duck Restaurant uses only the finest Beijing Ducks which are only roasted after you place your order.Preparati
14、on takes 40 minutes after which we will serve you with a delicious,golden red Beijing Duck with crunchy skin.第19页，本讲稿共30页二、翻译策略的选择 在中国一提到孔子，上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知，无人不晓，人们为了纪念他，在许多地方都建有祭祀他的寺庙，天津也不例外。Confucius is a household name in China.Temples in memory of him could be found everywhere in China.T
15、ianjin is no exception.第20页，本讲稿共30页有人说，唐装有一种“浓妆淡抹总相宜”的气质，唐装是简约的也是复杂的，简单时它可以装饰，通身连缝折都少之又少；繁杂起来却又可以有无数讲究，并且变化无穷：腰收还是放，袖窄一点还是宽一些，立领还是无领，领子高一些还是低一些。Chinese Tang suit suit anyone.They can be simply or elaborately cut,with a loose or tight waist,opening or tapered cuffs,wide or erect collars,high or low c
16、ollars,or none at all.第21页，本讲稿共30页 All dialects are linked historically and all developed from a common ancestor,Proto-Slavonic.所有方言历史上都一脉相承，源出一宗，即原始斯拉夫语。To me,the past is black and white,but the future is always color.（Hennessy）对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是缤纷绮丽。第22页，本讲稿共30页三、译文形式和风格的确定传播媒介、文化氛围、受众的喜好第23页，本讲稿共
17、30页 对于一个久居在一个城市的人，放下经年累月循环往复的工作，带上家人，或约三两好友，到千里之外的地方走走看看，总是最有吸引力的选择。况且，又逢秋高气爽的季节，每年国庆长假让人心驰神往的，就是去外地，游山水。不过在这样的旅游旺季出门难免会碰到诸如车票、机票难买，住宿紧张或票价上涨，热门经典人山人海等问题，让你有遭遇“人灾”的烦恼。所以，选定方向和地点，提前做好各种准备，是保证出游好心情的关键。Getting out of town is a great way for urban residents to celebrate the National Day holiday,especial
18、ly for those who want to spend quality time with their families.But many people will have the same idea and some difficulties with your trip that can be expected such a shortage of train tickets,crowded hotels and transit depots.So youd better take all the possibilities into consideration before you
19、 begin your tour.Carefully developing a travel plan can ensure you have a better trip.第24页，本讲稿共30页 Getting tired of staying in the same place day after day?Wanting to get off from your lousy work for a while?Well you can always spend a few nice days somewhere far away,with your families or your frie
20、nds.But wait!With the long holiday coming and the nice weather,many people want to do just the same thing.A nice vacation could be ruined just because you cant get a ticket or a hotel room,or because the place where you go is too crowded.So,it is very important to make good plans in advance.Make sur
21、e you have done enough preparations before you take off.第25页，本讲稿共30页Criticism of Skopos theoryTranslation or ADAPTATION?Literary translation?Emphasis on the message at the expense of richness of meaningExpertise and ethical responsibility of translator第26页，本讲稿共30页Homework 3:Skopos theory takes serio
22、usly factors which have always been stressed in action theory,and which were brought into sharp relief with the growing need in the latter half of the twentieth century for the translation of non-literary text types.In the translation of scientific and academic papers,instructions for use,tourist gu
23、ides,contracts,etc.,the contextual factors surrounding the translation cannot be ignored.These factors include the culture of the intended readers of the target text and of the client who has commissioned it,and,in particular,the function which the text is to perform in that culture for those reader
24、s.Skopos theory is directly oriented towards this function.Translation is viewed not as a process of transcoding,but as a specific form of human action.Like any other human action,translation has a purpose,and the word skopos,derived from Greek,is used as the technical term for the purpose of a tran
25、slation.Skopos must be defined before translation can begin;in highlighting skopos,the theory adopts a prospective attitude to translation,as opposed to the retrospective attitude adopted in theories which focus on prescriptions derived from the source text.第27页，本讲稿共30页目录输入文字输入文字输入文字输入文字第28页，本讲稿共30页
26、满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花白如雪，香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄，花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似银，季季有花的四季桂，竞相开放，争艳媲美。进入桂花公园，阵阵桂花花香扑鼻而来。The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees.Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.第29页，本讲稿共30页Thanks公司名公司名公司名公司名第30页，本讲稿共30页