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1、高考英语阅读技巧如何猜测词义本讲稿第一页,共三十五页9 9年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能:短文章。考生应能:、理解主旨要义;、理解主旨要义;、理解文中具体信息、理解文中具体信息(细节题细节题);、根据上下文推断生词的词义、根据上下文推断生词的词义;、作出简单判断和理解;、作出简单判断和理解;、理解文章的基本结构;、理解文章的基本结构;、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。本讲稿第二页,共三十五页0608年重庆卷阅
2、读理解试题分类情况年重庆卷阅读理解试题分类情况题目设计数量题目设计数量200620072008试试题题设设计计分分类类事实细节题事实细节题787主旨大意题主旨大意题445词义猜测题词义猜测题222推理判断题推理判断题766本讲稿第三页,共三十五页1.Theunderlinedword“”refersto(means).2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“”?3.Whatisthemeaningof“”asthewordsareusedinthetext?4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmean
3、ingtotheword“”?常见词义猜测题型本讲稿第四页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系三、根据构词法猜测词义三、根据构词法猜测词义本讲稿第五页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释1、利用定义线索、利用定义线索2 2、利用解释说明线索、利用解释说明线索3 3、利用举例线索、利用举例线索本讲稿第六页,共三十五页一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧1、利用定义线索、利用定义线索特征:常有特征:常有be,becalled,mean,re
4、ferto,bedefinedas等词语来提示。等词语来提示。本讲稿第七页,共三十五页例1,nrpldiAnthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Anthropologymeans_.人类学人类学例例2Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.Desertrefersto_.沙漠沙漠本讲稿第八页,共三十五页一、依据针对性解释一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧2 2、利用解释说明线索、利用解释说明线索特征
5、:常有特征:常有thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely,or等词语来提示或者等词语来提示或者利用利用同位语同位语或或定语从句定语从句。本讲稿第九页,共三十五页例1 Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Toirrigatemeans_.注:注:or=mean表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语同义词语例2His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does
6、research on animals.Zoologistrefers to _.动物学家动物学家灌溉灌溉本讲稿第十页,共三十五页例例3simntiksSemantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.Semanticsmeans_.例4The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.Herdsmanrefers to _.牧人牧人 语义学语义学本讲稿第十一页,共三十五页一、依据针对性解释一、依据针
7、对性解释常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧3 3、利用举例线索、利用举例线索特征:常有特征:常有forexample,forinstance,suchas,like等词语来提示。等词语来提示。本讲稿第十二页,共三十五页例例1 1,piridiklYoucantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.Periodicalsmeans_.期刊,杂志期刊,杂志例例2 2silebriti Likepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjo
8、yfollowingthelivesofcelebrities:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.Theword“celebrities”means_.名人名人本讲稿第十三页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系4 4、利用对比关系线索利用对比关系线索5 5、利用因果关系线索、利用因果关系线索6 6、利用同类关系线索、利用同类关系线索7 7、利用一般常识线索、利用一般常识线索本讲稿第十四页,共三十五页三三常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧4 4、利用对比关系线索利
9、用对比关系线索特征:常有特征:常有but,however,while,unlike,incontrast,onthecontrary,instead,despite等等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。表示对比或反义的词语来提示。二、依据内在逻辑关系本讲稿第十五页,共三十五页例1 AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknowHisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumble(谦虚的)(谦虚的)andmodestsuperciliousmeans_.傲慢的,目空一切的傲慢的,目空一切的例例2 2 ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwash
10、edquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Grubbymeans_.肮脏的肮脏的本讲稿第十六页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧5 5、利用因果关系线索、利用因果关系线索二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系特征:常以特征:常以because,sothat,so/suchthat等词汇及结构来体现。等词汇及结构来体现。本讲稿第十七页,共三十五页例例1 1Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministrator(管理人员)(管理人员)becausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinio
11、nsofothersautocraticmeans_.独断专行的独断专行的例例2 2 Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow(浅的)(浅的).Turbidmeans_.浑浊的浑浊的本讲稿第十八页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系6 6、利用同类关系线索、利用同类关系线索特征:常有特征:常有and,or,like,similarly,also等等表示词语来提示。表示词语来提示。本讲稿第十九页,共三十五页例例1 1 Doctorsbelievetha
12、tsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealthTheyalsoregarddrinkingasharmfuldetrimentalmeans_.有害的,不利的有害的,不利的例例2 2Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighbourallcalledheraneccentriclady.eccentricmeans_.奇怪的奇怪的本讲稿第二十页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系二、依据内在逻辑关系特征:特征:一般能够根据自己的一般能够根据自己
13、的生活经验及生活经验及生活常识生活常识来判断词义。来判断词义。7 7、利用一般常识线索、利用一般常识线索本讲稿第二十一页,共三十五页例例1 1MyparentswentoutandgotanewTV.Thatafternoonanantennawasputontheroof.antennameans_.天线天线例例2 2 Thestudentswerejubilantwhentheylearnedthat their school had placed first in thecompetition.jubilantmean_.兴高采烈的兴高采烈的 本讲稿第二十二页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧
14、常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义三、根据构词法猜测词义8 8、利用构词法中的词缀法利用构词法中的词缀法9 9、利用、利用构词法中的合成法构词法中的合成法1010、利用构词法中的转化法、利用构词法中的转化法本讲稿第二十三页,共三十五页常用词义猜测技巧常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义三、根据构词法猜测词义特征:特征:1、利用、利用前缀和后缀前缀和后缀构成新的单词构成新的单词2、利用、利用合成两个意义不同的词合成两个意义不同的词组合构成新的组合构成新的单词单词3、利用、利用转变转变单词的单词的词性词性构成新的单词构成新的单词本讲稿第二十四页,共三十五页前缀:前缀:1.in-,im-,il
15、-,ir-,non-,un-,dis-,mis-常表示否定常表示否定,如:如:incorrect,impossible,illegal,irregular,nonstop,unfair,disappear,mislead后缀后缀:1.adj.-ness,如:如:happiness,illness,selfishness2.V.-ment,如:如:equipment,entertainment,movement3.V.-tion,如:如:education,communication,operation4.形容词词性的词缀:形容词词性的词缀:-able,-cal,-ish,-ful,-ous,-
16、al,如:如:comfortable,physical,childish,hopeful,delicious,dangerous,national本讲稿第二十五页,共三十五页例例1 1Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.impassablemeans_.无法通过的无法通过的例例2 2SaintValentinesDayisatimeofhappinessforloversBoysliketogivegirlsflowersaspresentsOnthatday,hecametoseemewi
17、thaforget-me-notinhishandforget-me-notmeans_.勿忘我勿忘我例例3 3 Todayitshisturntoemptytherubbish.emptymeans_.倒空倒空本讲稿第二十六页,共三十五页小试身手:本讲稿第二十七页,共三十五页1 Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times,such as houses,pots,tools and weapons.A.地理学地理学 B.生态学生态学 C.心理学心理学 D.考古学考古学2Though Mr.Smith has b
18、een general manager for just three months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级3 The football game was getting more and more exciting,however,the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was.A.昏昏欲睡的昏昏欲睡的B.亢奋的亢奋的 C.欣喜若狂的欣喜若狂的 D.麻木的麻木的4.All his
19、 attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的成功的 B.徒劳的徒劳的 C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的DBAB本讲稿第二十八页,共三十五页5.Rememberthatpeopleonlinemaynotbewhotheyseem.Becauseyoucantseeorevenheartheperson.It would be easy for someone tomisrepresent himself/herself.Thus someone who says thatshei
20、sa12-year-oldgirl.couldreallybeanoldman.A.makingawrongjudgementaboutB.understandingsomebodywronglyC.givingawrongdescriptionofD.formingawrongopinionaboutC本讲稿第二十九页,共三十五页6(2002年全国卷年全国卷E篇)篇)Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAneclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4a
21、nd18months.74、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguestsC本讲稿第三十页,共三十五页9.“But,”saidKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(领导领导,上司上司),itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”(2005
22、 上海上海 B)A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet本讲稿第三十一页,共三十五页10.Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise.Leadershipmeanspower,commandsrespectand,mostimportant,encouragesachievement.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscantbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecare
23、fullycultivated.(2005广东广东B)Theunderlinedword“cultivated”roughlymeans:A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developedD本讲稿第三十二页,共三十五页11Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay(2006江西江西B)Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtothewordexoticinthethirdparagrap
24、h?A.Messyanduntidy.B.RichandexpensiveC.Comfortableandcalming.D.foreignandunusualD本讲稿第三十三页,共三十五页7(2004的辽宁卷的辽宁卷B篇)篇)TakeV8forexample.Formanyyears,thebrightredcoloroftomatoesandcarrotsonthethinbottlemakesyou feel that it is very good for your body.And theword“green”todaycankeepfoodpricesgoingup.Itcanbe
25、inferredfromthepassagethatV8isakindof.A.vegetabledishB.healthyjuiceC.iceddrinkD.redvegetableB本讲稿第三十四页,共三十五页8.TheJetdEautogetherwiththeFlowerWatcharethemainattractionseveryyearforthetouristsvisitingGeneva.TheJetdEauhasbecomethesymbol(象征象征)ofGenevaforalongtime.Thisisa140metershighwatermonumentwitharichhistory.Eight13,500wattprojectorslightthegrandcolumn(圆柱圆柱)ofthefountainintheevening,fromearlyMarchuntilthesecondSundayofOctober.(2004重庆卷重庆卷A)TheJetdEaurefersto_A.thewaterfountainB.theEnglishGardenC.anewscenewithelectriclightingD.thenameofafamouswatchmakerA本讲稿第三十五页,共三十五页