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1、Safety EngineeringNASAs illustration showing high impact risk areas for the International Space StationSafety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety.It is strongly related to industrial engineering/systems engineering,and th
2、e subset system safety engineering.Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed,even when components fail.第一页，共41页。常用(chn yn)术语危险：hazard安全：safe事故：accident风险：risk灾害：disaster系统(xtng)：system可靠性：reliability安全分析：safety analysis安全评价：safety evaluation第二页，共41页。Accident causation
3、models 事故致因理论 Safety management 安全管理 Physical conditions 物质条件 Loss prevention 损失预防Top management高层管理人员 Human errors人因失误Hazard control 危险(wixin)控制Corporate culture 企业文化 Risking taking 冒险行为第三页，共41页。Safety officer 安全官员 Safety committee 安全委员会 Unionized company 集团公司 Safety principle 安全规则 Status review 状态
4、审查Supervisory level 监督(jind)层 Implement plan 执行计划 Hazard identification 危险辨识 Safety performance 安全性能第四页，共41页。Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design and manage complex systems over their life cycles.At its core systems
5、 engineering utilizes systems thinking principles to organize this body of knowledge.Issues such as requirements engineering,reliability,logistics,coordination of different teams,testing and evaluation,maintainability and many other disciplines necessary for successful system development,design,impl
6、ementation,and ultimate decommission become more difficult when dealing with large or complex projects.System Engineering第五页，共41页。Systems engineering deals with work-processes,optimization methods,and risk management tools in such projects.It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as
7、 industrial engineering,mechanical engineering,manufacturing engineering,control engineering,software engineering,electrical engineering,cybernetics,organizational studies and project management.Systems engineering ensures that all likely aspects of a project or system are considered,and integrated
8、into a whole.第六页，共41页。The systems engineering process is a discovery process that is quite unlike a manufacturing process.A manufacturing process is focused on repetitive activities that achieve high quality outputs with minimum cost and time.The systems engineering process must begin by discovering
9、 the real problems that need to be resolved,and identify the most probable or highest impact failures that can occur systems engineering involves finding elegant solutions to these problems.第七页，共41页。System characteristics:Unity整体性 Relativity相关性 Objective,Goal&Function目的性和功能性 Adaptability to the Envi
10、ronment环境(hunjng)适应性 Dynamic动态性 System has its own order有序性第八页，共41页。Classification of system Natural and Human-Made System 自然系统和人工系统Physical and Conceptual System 实体系统和抽象系统Static and Dynamic System 静态系统和动态系统Control and Behavior System 控制系统(kn zh x tn)和行为系统Open and Closed System 开放系统和封闭系统第九页，共41页。Sys
11、tem engineering methodEngineering logicEngineering analysisStatistical theory and probability theoryOperations research第十页，共41页。System engineering principle系统原理整分合原理反馈原理弹性原理封闭原理能级原理动力(dngl)原理激励原理System principlePrinciple of integral-divisionFeedback principleElasticity principleClosure principleEner
12、gy level principleDynamic principleIncentive principle第十一页，共41页。Safety System Engineeringeatures of safety system系统性开放性 确定性与非确定性 有序与无序(w x)的统一体 突变性或畸变性SystematicnessOpennessCertainty and uncertaintyUnity of order and disorderSudden or abnormal degeneration第十二页，共41页。2.Safety System Engineering Defini
13、tion 安全系统工程是运用系统工程方法，识别、分析、评价系统寿命周期中的危险性，根据其结果调整工艺、设备、操作、管理、生产周期和投资等因素，控制(kngzh)可能发生的事故，使系统处于最佳安全状态。第十三页，共41页。DefinitionSafety system engineering is a method of using system engineering to identify,analyze and evaluate the hazards in the life cycle of a system.According to the results,it adjusts the
14、 process,equipment,operation,management,production cycle,investment and other factors to control the possible accidents,so that the system is in the optimal security state.第十四页，共41页。Three subsystems:Human subsystemsMachine subsystemsEnvironment subsystem3.Research object of safety system engineering
15、第十五页，共41页。These three interrelated,mutually constrained,interactive subsystems constitute an organic whole of a human-machine-environment system.Analysis,evaluation,control human-machine-environment system security,can really solve the system safety issues.第十六页，共41页。第十七页，共41页。4.Research contents of
16、safety system engineering The basic task of safety systems engineering is to predict,evaluate and control hazards.The analysis process can be summarized as follows:System safety analysis(identification and forecasting hazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(including human,machine,material,craft,environment
17、,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensive evaluation;Optimize the decision of the plan.The main technical means can be summarized as system safety analysis,system safety evaluation and safety decision-making and accident control.第十八页，共41页。System Safety AnalysisSystem Safety Analysis Through the sy
18、stem safety analysis,you can identify the dangerous sources in the system,analyze the possible dangerous states,estimate the probability of the accident,the possible damage and the severity of the consequences,by modifying the system design or change the control system to run the program.第十九页，共41页。m
19、ain contentInvestigate and analyze the various dangerous sources and their relations in the systemConduct investigation and analysis of system-related environmental conditions,equipment,personnel and other relevant factorsAnalyze measures that can take advantage of appropriate equipment,procedures,p
20、rocesses or materials,control or eradicate a particular hazard sourceInvestigating and analyzing hazard control measures and the best way to implement these measuresInvestigation and analysis of dangerous sources that can not be eradicated to lose or reduce the possible consequences of controlInvest
21、igation and analysis of safety hazards in order to prevent injury and loss if the hazard is out of control第二十页，共41页。Common method预先(yxin)危险性分析（PHA）安全检查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影响分析（FEMA）危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)事件树分析(ETA)事故树分析（FTA)系统可靠性分析（）原因-后果分析（CCA)第二十一页，共41页。Preliminary Hazard AnalysisSafety Checklist AnalysisFailur
22、e Mode and Effect AnalysisHazard and Operability AnalysisEvent Tree AnalysisFault Tree AnalysisSystem Reliability AnalysisCause Censequence analysis第二十二页，共41页。Classification InductionQualitative analysisQuantitative analysisDeduction第二十三页，共41页。Preliminary Hazard Analysis(PHA)，是在每项工作活动之前，对系统存在的危险类型、来
23、源、出现条件、到事故后果及相关措施(cush)，作一概略分析。总之，即在行动之前作一安全分析，以避免考虑不周造成的各种损失。第二十四页，共41页。1、Main content of PHA识别危险的设备、零部件并分析其发生的可能性和条件；Identify dangerous equipment,parts and analyze the likelihood and conditions of their occurrence;分析系统(xtng)中各子系统(xtng)，各元件的交接面及其相互关系与影响；Analysis of the subsystems in the system,the
24、components of the intersection and their relationship&influence;第二十五页，共41页。分析物质危险性（MSDS，相关的检测）；Analysis of material hazards 分析工艺过程(guchng)危险性(含装置存在的危险性)；Analyze the process hazard(including the presence of the device)人、机关系(操作、维修等)Human-machine relationship环境条件危险性分析；Risk analysis of environmental con
25、ditions防护措施和安全保障分析。Protection measures and safety and security analysis.第二十六页，共41页。2、advantages 分析工作在行动之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危险；Early elimination,reduction and control of hazards;系统开发、设计、制造(zhzo)、安装、检修等过程的分析结果，可以作为应遵循的注意事项和指导方针；Guidelines可为制定标准和规范提供必要资料；可以作为安全教育的教材。Safety education第二十七页，共41页。General steps
26、Preliminary Hazard Analysis including three stages:preparation,review,and the results summary第二十八页，共41页。确定系统对象；资料(zlio)调查收集；系统功能分解；分析辨识危险；确定危险等级；制定措施；实施措施。Determine the system object;Data collection;System function decomposition;Analysis and identification of hazards;Determine the hazard level;Devel
27、op measures;Implementing measures.第二十九页，共41页。分析(fnx)、辩识危险 Dangerous and harmful factorsInherent riskOccupational diseaseRisk of storage第三十页，共41页。1、Safety Analysis of Household Water Heater 热水器用煤气加热，装有温度和煤气开关连锁，当水温超过规定温度时，连锁动作将煤气阀门关小；如果发生故障，则由泄压安全阀放出热水，防止事故发生。为了防止煤气漏出和炉膛内滞留煤气在热水器内设有燃气安全控制系统，由长明火、热电偶和
28、电磁阀组成。由于长明火存在，即使溢出煤气也不会发生爆炸。若长明火灭了，热电偶起作用(zuyng)，通过电磁阀将煤气关闭，防止事故发生。第三十一页，共41页。Water heater heating by coalgas.It equipped with temperature and gas switch chain,when the water temperature exceeds the specified temperature,the chain action will close the gas valve;If the fault occurs,accidents prevent
29、ed by the hot water release from pressure relief valve.In order to prevent gas leakage and furnace gas retention,the gas safety control system is located outside the heater.In order to prevent gas leakage and furnace gas retention.Gas safety control system consists of everlasting fire,thermocouple a
30、nd electromagnetic valve.Due to the existence of everlasting fire,explosion will never happen even if the gas leak.If the fire is off,the thermocouple work and turn off gas by electromagnetic valve for preventing accidents.第三十二页，共41页。第三十三页，共41页。第三十四页，共41页。第三十五页，共41页。Fault Tree AnalysisFault tree ana
31、lysis(FTA)is a top down,deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events.第三十六页，共41页。Fault Tree AnalysisThis analysis method is mainly used in the fields of safety engineering and reliability engineering to un
32、derstand how systems can fail,to identify the best ways to reduce risk or to determine(or get a feeling for)event rates of a safety accident or a particular system level(functional)failure.第三十七页，共41页。Fault Tree AnalysisThe basic symbols used in FTA are grouped as events,gates,and transfer symbols.第三
33、十八页，共41页。Failure mode and effects analysisFailure mode and effects analysis(FMEA)also failure modes,plural,in many publicationswas one of the first highly structured,systematic techniques for failure analysis.第三十九页，共41页。Risk is the combination of End Effect Probability And Severity 第四十页，共41页。第四十一页，共41页。