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1、小学英语语法总复习小学英语语法总复习 1 1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加-s-s,如:如:book-bookbook-books s,bag-bagbag-bags s,cat-cat,cat-cats s,bed-bed,bed-beds s2 2以以s.x.sh.chs.x.sh.ch结尾,加结尾,加-es-es,如:如:bus-busbus-buseses,box-box,box-boxeses,brush-brushbrush-brusheses,watch-watch,watch-watcheses3 3以以“辅音字母辅音字母 y y”结尾,变结尾,变y y为为i,i,再加再
2、加-es-es,如:如:family-familfamily-famili ieses,strawberry-strawberrstrawberry-strawberri ieses名词复数规则名词复数规则4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knivesleafleaves5不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teethfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheepChinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanesev写出下列各词的复数写出下列各词的复数
3、I_him_this_vher_watch_child_photo_diary_day_vfoot_book_dress_tooth_sheep_box_strawberry_thief_you_peach_sandwich_man_woman_weweboxesboxesthesethesethemthemwatchewatches schildrenchildrenesesdiariesdiariesdaysdaysfeetfeetbooksbooksdressesdressesteethteethsheepsheepthemthemstrawberriesstrawberriesthie
4、vesthievesyouyouesesesesmenmenwomenwomen一般一般现在在时基本用法介基本用法介绍一般一般现在在时的功能的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、表示事物或人物的特征、状状态。如:如:Theskyisblue.天空是天空是蓝色的。色的。2.表示表示经常性或常性或习惯性的性的动作。作。如:如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。我天天六点起床。3.表示客表示客观现实。如:如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球地球绕着太着太阳阳转。一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成1.1.bebe动词动词:主语主语 be(am,i
5、s,are)be(am,is,are)其它其它。如:如:I am a boy.I am a boy.我是一个男孩。我是一个男孩。2.2.行为动词行为动词:主语主语 行为动词行为动词(其它其它)。如:。如:We study English.We study English.我们学习英语。我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)(he,she,it)时,时,要在动词要在动词 后加后加“-s-s”或或“-es-es”如:如:Mary Mary likeslikes Chinese.Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。玛丽喜欢汉语。动词动词s的变化规则的变化规则1一般情况
6、下,直接加一般情况下,直接加-s,如:如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2以以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加结尾,加-es,如:如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾,变结尾,变y为为i,再加再加-es,如如study-studies一般现在时的变化一般现在时的变化1.1.bebe动词的变化动词的变化。否定句否定句:主语主语 be not be not 其它其它。如:如:He is not a worker.He is not a worker.他不是工人。他不是工人。一般疑问句一般疑问句:
7、Be Be 主语主语 其它其它。如:如:-Are you a student?-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词 一般疑问句一般疑问句。如:如:Where is my bike?Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。行为动词的变化。否定句否定句:主语主语dont(doesnt)动词原形动词原形(其它其它)。如:如:Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数,用当主语为第三人称单数,用doesnt构成否定句构成否定句如:如:Hedoesntoftenp
8、lay.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:Do(Does)主语主语动词原形动词原形其它。其它。如如-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数,当主语为第三人称单数,要用要用does构成一般疑构成一般疑问句问句如如-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.一、一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have
9、)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.drinkdrinks sgoesgoesstaysstaysmakesmakeslookslookshashasesescarriescarrieshashasarearedont watchdont watch4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on 4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?5._ they _(like)t
10、he World Cup?6._ your parents _(read)6._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?newspapers every day?7.The girl _(teach)us English on 7.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.Sundays.8.She and I _(take)a walk 8.She and I _(take)a walk together every evening.together every evening.likelikereadreadd
11、oesnt doesnt gogoDoDoDoDotaketaketeachesteaches三、按照要求改写句子三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句改为否定句)_v2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_v3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)_4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句改为否定句)_Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.Daniel doesnt
12、watch TV every evening.Do you do your homework every day?Do you do your homework every day?No,I dontNo,I dontDoes she like milk?Yes,she does.Does she like milk?Yes,she does.We dont go to school every morning.We dont go to school every morning.改错改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Isyourbrothersp
13、eakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._Does your brother speak English?Does your brother speak English?Does he like going fishing?Does he like going fishing?He likes playing games after class.He likes playing game
14、s after class.Mr.Wu teaches us English.Mr.Wu teaches us English.She doesnt do her homework on She doesnt do her homework on Sundays.Sundays.现在进行时现在进行时1 1、现在在进行行时表示表示现在正在在正在进行或行或发生的生的动作作,也可表示也可表示当当前一段前一段时间内内的活的活动或或现阶段正在段正在进行行的的动作。作。2 2、现在在进行行时的的肯定句基本肯定句基本结构构为be be 动词inging.3 3、现在在进行行时的的否定句否定句在在bebe后加
15、后加notnot。4 4、现在在进行行时的的一般疑一般疑问句句把把bebe动词调到句首到句首。5 5、现在在进行行时的的特殊疑特殊疑问的基本的基本结构构为:疑疑问词+be+be动词+主主语+doing+doing+其其它它?但疑但疑问词当当主主语时其其结构构为:疑疑问词+be+be动词+doing+doing+其其它它?动词加动词加ing的变化规则的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加ing,如:如:cook-cooking2以不发音的以不发音的e结尾,去结尾,去e加加ing,如:如:make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母假如末尾是一
16、个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing如:如:run-running,stop-stoppingbegin-beginningswim-swimmingv现在进行时专项练习:现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:run_swim_make_begin_go_like_write_shop_have_sing_dance_put_see_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_swimmingswimmingmakingmakinggoinggoinglikinglikingshopping
17、shoppinghavinghavingdancingdancingputtingputtingcomingcominglovinloving glivinglivingstoppingstoppinggettinggettingsittingsittingrunningrunningbeginningbeginningwritingwritingsingingsingingseeingseeingtakingtaking用所给的动词的正确形式填空:用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_(sing)inthecl
18、assroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look.They_(have)anEnglishlesson.is drawingis drawingis cookingis cookingare singingare singingarearedoingdoingare havingare having句型转换:1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_Are they
19、doing housework?Are they doing housework?They arent doing housework.They arent doing housework.Are the students cleaning the classroom Are the students cleaning the classroom?Yes,they are.No,they arent.Yes,they are.No,they arent.一般将来时一般将来时一、概念:表示一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状将要发生的动作或存在的状态及态及打算、计划或预备做某事。打算、计划或预
20、备做某事。句中一般有句中一般有以下以下时间状语时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),thisafternoon等。等。二、基本结构:二、基本结构:begoingtodo;willdo.一般将来时一般将来时否定句否定句:在:在be动词(动词(am,is,are)l后加后加not或或will后加后加not成成wont。例如:例如:Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.一般疑问句一般疑问句:be或或will提到句首,提到句首,some改改为为any,and改
21、为改为or,第一二人称互换。,第一二人称互换。例如:例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend五、五、对划线部分提问对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。分有三种情况。1、问人。、问人。Who例如:例如:ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.WhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.2、问干什么、问干什么。Whatdo.例如:例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.W
22、hatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3、问什么时候、问什么时候。When.例如:例如:Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtobed?六、六、同义句同义句:begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天)(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习:填空。练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期
23、一你打算去干嘛下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮我想去打篮What_nextMonday?I_playbasketball.am going toam going towillwillare you going to doare you going to doam going toam going to3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_you_meet?Is I
24、sgoing to going to weekendweekendis isis going tois going toarearegoing togoing tov用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Todayisasunnyday.We_(have)apicnicthisafternoon.v2.Mybrother_(go)toShanghainextweek.v3.Tomoften_(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_(go)toschoolbybike.are going to haveare going to havegoesgo
25、esis going(to is going(to go)go)is goingis goingv用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。v4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects?v5.ItsFridaytoday.What_she_(do)thisweekend?She_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects.catchcatchwatcwatch hgoing to dogoing to dois isis going to watchis going to watchc
26、atchcatch 一般过去时一般过去时1一般一般过去去时表示表示过去某去某个个时间发生的生的动作或作或存在的存在的状状态,常和,常和表示表示过去的去的时间状状语连用。一般用。一般过去去时也表示也表示过去去经常或反常或反复复发生的生的动作作。2Be动词在一般在一般过去去时中的中的变化:化:am和和is在一般在一般过去去时中中变为was(wasnot=wasnt)are在一般在一般过去去时中中变为were。(werenot=werent)3句中句中没没有有be动词的一般的一般过去去时的句子的句子否定句:否定句:didnt动词原形,原形,如:如:Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.动词
27、过去式变化规则:动词过去式变化规则:1一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:如:work-worked,2结尾是结尾是e加加d,如:,如:live-lived3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节重读闭音节,应,应双写末尾的辅音字母双写末尾的辅音字母,再加,再加-ed ed 如:如:stop-stopped4以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾的,变结尾的,变y为为i,再加再加-ed,如:,如:study-studied5不不规则动词过去式:去式:am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave
28、,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空1.It_(be)BensbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall_(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He_(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen_(milk)acowonFriday.waswasha
29、dhadjumpedjumpedmilkedmilked用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空5.Shelikes_newspapers,butshe_abookyesterday.(read)6._they_(sweep)thefloorlastSunday?No,they_.7.I_(watch)acartoonlastMonday.readingreadingreadreadDidDidsweepsweepdidntdidntwatchedwatched形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:、形容
30、词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事两个事物或人的比较用比较级物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带,比较级后面一般带有单词有单词than。比较级前面可以用比较级前面可以用much,alittle来修饰表示程度。来修饰表示程度。than后的后的人称代词用主格人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。(口语中可用宾格)。形容词加形容词加er的规则:的规则:一般在词尾加一般在词尾加er;以字母以字母e结尾,加结尾,加r;以以元音字母和辅音字母结尾元音字母和辅音字母结尾,应,应双写末尾的辅音双写末尾的辅音字母,再加字母,再加er;以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾结尾,先,先把把y变变i,再加,再加er不不规则形容
31、形容词比比较级:good-better,good-better,beautiful-more beautiful beautiful-more beautiful。二、副词的比较级二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别形容词与副词的区别(有有be用形,有形用用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之动词之后后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同同(不规则变化:不规则变化:well-bet
32、ter,far-farther写出下列形容词或副词的比较级写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short_strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_low_high_slow_fast_late_early_far_well_betterbetterfartherfartherearlierearlierlaterlaterfasterfasterslowerslowerhigherhighermore beautifulmore beautifullowerlowernicernicerlighterlighterheavie
33、rheavierthinnerthinnerfatterfattersmallersmallerbiggerbiggerstrongerstrongershortershorterbetterbetter根据句意填入单词的正确形式:根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thanme.2.Tomisas_(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois_(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.olderolderfatfatyoungeryoungerthinnerthin
34、ner5._Nancysing_(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_.6.Fangfangisnotas_(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare_(big)than_(she).8.Whogetsup_(early),TimorTom?9._thegirlsgetup_(early)thantheboys?No,they_.DoesDoesbetterbetterDoesDoestalltallbiggerbiggershe/hershe/herearlierearlierDoDoearlierearlierdontdont翻译句子:翻译句子:1、谁比、
35、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。年纪大?是你。_is_thanJim?_are2.我喜我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_.Allmy_thanme.3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。_pencilis_,_or_?_is,Ithink.WhoWhoolderolderYouYouswimmingswimmingfriendsfriendsswimswimslowerslowerWhoseWhoselongerlongerhishishershersHersHers翻译句子:翻译句子:4.我母亲比我父亲年
36、纪小。我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_thanmy_.5.多做运动,你会更强壮。多做运动,你会更强壮。_moreexercise,youll_soon.mother is younger mother is younger fatherfatherDoDobe strongerbe strongerThere be There be 句型与句型与have,hashave,has的区别的区别1 1、There beThere be 句型表示:句型表示:在某地有某人在某地有某人/物物2 2、在、在there be there be 句型中,主语是句型中,主语是单数单数,be be 动动词用词用isis
37、;主语是主语是复数复数,be be 动词用动词用areare;如如有几件物品,有几件物品,be be 动词根据最近动词根据最近be be 动词的那动词的那个名词决定。个名词决定。Therebe句型句型与与have,has的的区区别3、therebe句型的句型的否定句在否定句在be动词后加后加not,一般疑一般疑问句把句把be动词调到句首到句首。4、therebe句型句型与与have(has)的的区区别:therebe表示在某地有某人表示在某地有某人/物;物;have(has)表示某人表示某人拥有某物。有某物。5、some和和any在在therebe句型中的句型中的运运用用some用于肯定用于肯
38、定,any用于否定句或疑用于否定句或疑问句。句。6、and和和or在在therebe句型中的句型中的运运用:用:and用于肯定句用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑用于否定句或疑问句句。7、针对数数量提量提问的特殊疑的特殊疑问句的基本句的基本结构构是是:Howmany+名名词复数复数+arethere+介介词短短语?Howmuch+不可不可数数名名词+isthere+介介词短短语?8、针对主主语提提问的特殊疑的特殊疑问句的基本句的基本结构构是是:Whats+介介词短短语Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I_agoodfatherand
39、agoodmother.2._atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_atape-recorder.4._abasketballintheplayground.5.She_somedresses.人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1 1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于(有时候位于than than 之后),之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,形容词性用时后面一
40、般要带上名词,名词名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。性则单独使用,后面不带名词。人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词主格主格宾格宾格形容词性形容词性名词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs用所用所给词的适的适当当形式形式填填空。空。1.Thatisnot_kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_.Giveitto_(she)3._ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_(he)4.Icanfindmytoy,butwheres_?(you)5.Show_yourkite,OK?(they)用用am,is,are填填空。空。1.That_myredskirt.2.Who_I?3.Thejeans_onthedesk.4.Theblackgloves_forSuYang.5.Thispairofgloves_forYangLing.6.Thetwocupsofmilk_forme.7.Sometea_intheglass.