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1、老年晚期肺癌患者的药物选择老年晚期肺癌患者的药物选择主要内容主要内容背景背景 细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗 分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗总结总结 4123主要内容主要内容背景背景 1背景背景肺癌世界范围内:男性人群:发病率和死亡率居第1位;女性人群:发病率居第3位,死亡率居第2位1。在美国:居恶性肿瘤相关死亡第1位2,且47%的肺癌患者年龄70岁3。在我国:发病率和死亡率居首位4。随着人口老龄化,老年肺癌患者的比例将持续上升!老年肺癌研究现状 前瞻性研究较少,临床缺乏足够的循证医学证据5。1Torre LA,et a1CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):871082Siegel
2、 R,et a1CA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9293Owonikoko TK,et a1J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):557055774Chen W,et a1Chin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一一215SacherAG,eta1J Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):366368主要内容主要内容细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗 2细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗单药化疗单药化疗长春瑞滨长春瑞滨 长春瑞滨单药方案可延长老年长春瑞滨单药方案可延长老年NSCLCNSCLC患者中患者中位生存期(位生存期(MSTMST),提
3、高),提高1 1年生存率,但与含铂类年生存率,但与含铂类两药联合化疗方案相比,没有延长总生存时间。两药联合化疗方案相比,没有延长总生存时间。6Devlin JG,et al.Clin Lung Cancer,2007,8(5):319-326.细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗单药化疗单药化疗紫杉醇紫杉醇方法:方法:2727名名NSCLCNSCLC患者(患者(B/B/期),平均年龄期),平均年龄7373岁(岁(70-8370-83岁),岁),其中其中1616名患者有并发症。给予紫杉醇(名患者有并发症。给予紫杉醇(80mg/m80mg/m2 2,第,第1 1、8 8、1515天,每天,每4 4周周1
4、1次)方案治疗。次)方案治疗。结果:结果:平均进展时间为平均进展时间为5 5个月,平均生存时间个月,平均生存时间1212个月;个月;7 7例出现乏例出现乏力,力,1 1例出现过敏反应,无其他的例出现过敏反应,无其他的3/43/4级毒性反应。级毒性反应。结论:结论:紫杉醇每周方案(紫杉醇每周方案(80mg/m80mg/m2 2)疗效确切且安全性高,在老年患)疗效确切且安全性高,在老年患者可作为替代长春瑞滨或吉西他滨的一线治疗方案,尤其是存在并者可作为替代长春瑞滨或吉西他滨的一线治疗方案,尤其是存在并发症的患者。发症的患者。7Rossi D,et al.Clin Lung Cancer,2008,
5、9(5):280-284.细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗单药化疗单药化疗吉西他滨吉西他滨方法:方法:4747例例NSCLCNSCLC患者患者(B-(B-期期),平均年龄,平均年龄7373岁岁(70-82(70-82岁岁),第第1 1、8 8、1515天应用吉西他滨天应用吉西他滨(1000mg/m(1000mg/m2 2),每,每2828天为天为1 1个周期。个周期。结果:结果:总有效率为总有效率为21.7%21.7%,中位生存期,中位生存期8.48.4个月。个月。度白细胞减度白细胞减少为少为19.0%19.0%,非血液学毒性少见,无,非血液学毒性少见,无度骨髓抑制。度骨髓抑制。结论:吉西他滨单药
6、用于老年结论:吉西他滨单药用于老年NSCLCNSCLC患者疗效较好,毒性较低。患者疗效较好,毒性较低。8Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol,2001,24(6):614-617.细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗联合化疗联合化疗 NCCN NCCN指南:成年人宜选用联合化疗方案以达到更高的有效率。指南:成年人宜选用联合化疗方案以达到更高的有效率。常用方案:1.非铂类联合化疗长春瑞滨+吉西他滨或吉西他滨+紫杉醇/多西他赛。2.铂类药物为基础的联合化疗卡铂/顺铂+长春瑞滨/吉西他滨/紫杉类等。细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗非铂类联合化疗非铂类联合化疗RCTRCT试验试验方法:方
7、法:707707例老年例老年BB、期期NSCLCNSCLC患者随机分为患者随机分为3 3组,分别给予:组,分别给予:A A组:长春瑞滨(组:长春瑞滨(NVBNVB,30mg/m30mg/m2 2););B B组:吉西他滨(组:吉西他滨(GEMGEM,1200mg/m1200mg/m2 2););C C组:长春瑞滨(组:长春瑞滨(NVBNVB,25mg/m25mg/m2 2)+吉西他滨(吉西他滨(GEMGEM,1000mg/m1000mg/m2 2),所有药物均为第所有药物均为第1 1、8 8天给药,天给药,3 3周为周为1 1周期最多周期最多6 6个周期。个周期。9Gridelli C,et
8、al.J Natl Cancer Inst,2003,95(5):362-372.细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗结果结果1 1 C C组分别与组分别与A A组、组、B B组比较,与生存期、肿瘤进展时间、组比较,与生存期、肿瘤进展时间、客观缓解率均无显著差异(客观缓解率均无显著差异(P P0.050.05)。)。9Gridelli C,et al.J Natl Cancer Inst,2003,95(5):362-372.细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗非铂类联合化疗非铂类联合化疗RCTRCT试验试验结果结果2 2C C组与组与A A组比较,血小板减少、肝毒性发生率显著升高(组比较,血小板减少、肝毒性
9、发生率显著升高(P P0.050.05);C C组与组与B B组比较,中性粒细胞减少、呕吐、乏力、心脏毒性、便秘等发生率显著升高(组比较,中性粒细胞减少、呕吐、乏力、心脏毒性、便秘等发生率显著升高(P P0.050.05)。)。9Gridelli C,et al.J Natl Cancer Inst,2003,95(5):362-372.细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗非铂类联合化疗非铂类联合化疗RCTRCT试验试验结论:结论:对于老年患者,对于老年患者,联合化疗不一定优联合化疗不一定优于单药化疗。于单药化疗。9Gridelli C,et al.J Natl Cancer Inst,2003,95
10、(5):362-372.方法:方法:451451例例70-8070-80岁晚期岁晚期NSCLCNSCLC患者随机分为患者随机分为3 3组,分别给予:组,分别给予:A A组:长春瑞滨;组:长春瑞滨;B B组:吉西他滨;组:吉西他滨;C C组:紫杉醇组:紫杉醇+卡铂卡铂结果显示:结果显示,采用两药化疗患者的中位生存时间(结果显示:结果显示,采用两药化疗患者的中位生存时间(10.310.3个月)长于单药化疗(个月)长于单药化疗(6.26.2 个月,个月,0.010.01);两药化疗患者更);两药化疗患者更易发生骨髓抑制和肌无力,但均可耐受易发生骨髓抑制和肌无力,但均可耐受细胞毒药物化疗细胞毒药物化疗
11、铂类联合化疗铂类联合化疗1.NCCN指南 以铂类为基础的联合化疗是晚期成年NSCLC患者的一线标准治疗方案,疗效优于单药化疗。2.铂类副作用 明显的胃肠道、肾脏、神经系统毒性,老年人是否耐受较有争议。3.铂类的选择 研究表明10,卡铂和顺铂在晚期NSCLC一线治疗中对总生存无显著差异。4.铂类联合化疗用于老年NSCLC患者的临床试验11 适当降低用药量或采用每周给药方案,结果卡铂联合方案疗效及患者耐受性均较好,因此,推荐一般情况好的老年患者可采用低剂量卡铂、顺铂联合方案化疗,但在用药期间应密切关注可能发生的血液毒性及消化道毒性反应,并及时采取相应的防治措施。10蒋京伟,等蒋京伟,等.中华医学杂
12、志,中华医学杂志,2006,86(37):):2615-2620.11Hiroshi Takatani,et al.Clin Lung Cancer,2012 Jan 18.主要内容主要内容分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗3分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗厄洛替尼:厄洛替尼:EURTACEURTAC研究研究12Resell R,et a1Lancet Once1,2012,3(3):239-246.分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗EURTACEURTAC研究:研究:RCTRCT试验试验方法:方法:173例例EGFR敏感突变的晚期敏感突变的晚期NSCLC患者患者(B-期期),65岁患者岁患者88例,例,65岁岁85例。
13、随机分为厄洛替尼组和含铂两药(吉西他滨或多西他赛)例。随机分为厄洛替尼组和含铂两药(吉西他滨或多西他赛)化疗组,主要终点事件为化疗组,主要终点事件为PFS。结果:结果:1.厄洛替尼组中位厄洛替尼组中位PFS为为9.7个月,化疗组仅个月,化疗组仅5.2个月(个月(P0.001););2.3-4度不良反应主要为皮疹(厄洛替尼组度不良反应主要为皮疹(厄洛替尼组13%,化疗组,化疗组0)和中性粒细胞减)和中性粒细胞减少(厄洛替尼组少(厄洛替尼组0,化疗组,化疗组22%)。)。3.165岁患者同样获益岁患者同样获益(HR=0.28,P=0.496)。基于基于EURTACEURTAC研究:研究:2013年
14、5月美国FDA批准厄洛替尼一线治疗EGFR敏感突变的晚期NSCLC患者13。13Khozin S,et a1Oncologist,2014,19(7):774-779分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗贝伐单抗贝伐单抗研究类型研究类型研究内容研究内容结论结论前瞻性研究前瞻性研究ECOG 4599研究研究14:RCT试验试验 美国美国FDA于于2006年年10月批月批准准PCB方案一线治疗无脑转方案一线治疗无脑转移、无出血史的晚期非鳞移、无出血史的晚期非鳞NSCLC患者。患者。回顾性研究回顾性研究Ramalingam等等15:ECOG 4599中中224例例70岁患岁患者应用者应用PCB方案的疗效和安全性。
15、方案的疗效和安全性。老年晚期肺癌患者接受老年晚期肺癌患者接受PCB方案治疗方案治疗不能延长不能延长其生其生存时间,且毒副反应较大。存时间,且毒副反应较大。回顾性研究回顾性研究Zhu等等16:4168例例65岁初治晚期非鳞岁初治晚期非鳞NSCLC患者,评价患者,评价PCB方案是方案是否能延长老年肺癌患者的生存时否能延长老年肺癌患者的生存时间。间。PCB方案方案并未显著延长并未显著延长老老年肺癌患者的生存时间。年肺癌患者的生存时间。PCB PCB 方案:贝伐单抗方案:贝伐单抗+紫杉醇紫杉醇+卡铂卡铂14SandierA,et a1N Engl J Med,2006,355(24):25422550
16、15Ramalingam SS,et a1J Clin Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-6516Zhu J,et a1JAMA,2012,307(15):15931601分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗贝伐单抗贝伐单抗研究类型研究类型研究内容研究内容结论结论前瞻性研究前瞻性研究AVAIL研究研究17:RCT试验试验 GCB方案可方案可明显提高明显提高患患者的者的PFS,且不良反应可,且不良反应可耐受。耐受。回顾性研究回顾性研究Leighl等等18:回顾性分析回顾性分析AVAIL研究中研究中304例例老年老年(65岁岁)晚期肺癌患者应用晚期肺癌患者应用GCB方案的疗效和安全性。方案的疗效和安全性
17、。GCB方案可以延长老年方案可以延长老年肺癌患者的生存时间且耐肺癌患者的生存时间且耐受性受性良好良好。GCB GCB 方案:贝伐单抗方案:贝伐单抗+吉西他滨吉西他滨+顺铂顺铂17 Reek M,et a1Ann Oncol,2010,(9):18041809.18Leighl NB,et a1J Thorac Oncol,2010,5(12):19701976分子靶向治疗分子靶向治疗贝伐单抗贝伐单抗研究类型研究类型研究内容研究内容结论结论前瞻性研究前瞻性研究SAiL研究研究19:RCT试验试验老年晚期非鳞老年晚期非鳞NSCLC患者患者一线应用贝伐单抗联合标一线应用贝伐单抗联合标准化疗方案同样准
18、化疗方案同样安全有效安全有效。前瞻性研究前瞻性研究ARIES研究研究20:RCT试验试验贝伐单抗联合标准化疗方案贝伐单抗联合标准化疗方案19I Crinb L,et a1Lancet 0ncel,2010,1(8):73374020LynehTJ Jr,et a1J Thorac 0ncol,2014,9(9):13321339主要内容主要内容总结总结 4总结总结 1.1.老年肺癌患者的药物治疗需要权衡患者的一般情老年肺癌患者的药物治疗需要权衡患者的一般情况评分、考察肝肾功能和患者意愿等,实施个体化治况评分、考察肝肾功能和患者意愿等,实施个体化治疗,以便为患者更合理的选择化疗药物。疗,以便为患
19、者更合理的选择化疗药物。2.2.可应用长春瑞滨等单药化疗、含铂两药化疗(可应用长春瑞滨等单药化疗、含铂两药化疗(PS PS 评分好)、针对评分好)、针对 EGFR EGFR 敏感突变的小分子靶向药物厄敏感突变的小分子靶向药物厄洛替尼、含贝伐单抗的联合治疗(非鳞癌)等。洛替尼、含贝伐单抗的联合治疗(非鳞癌)等。3.3.用药过程中需密切观察患者的毒副反应,并及时用药过程中需密切观察患者的毒副反应,并及时采取相应的防治措施。采取相应的防治措施。参考文献参考文献1Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,et a1Global cancer statistics,2012JCA Cancer
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