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1、2023 年新高考英语读后续写提分技能 2.07 用隐喻修辞格激发续写语言的表现力 隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，它的通常和基本的用法是，表述某一事物的词或者词组被用来比喻另外的一种事物。由于它的比喻是隐藏着的，那么它的主体与喻体的关系就显得十分的紧密。辞海认为：隐喻是“比喻的一种。本体和喻体的关系，比之明喻更为紧切。明喻在形式上只是相类的关系，隐喻在形式上却是相合的关系。本体和喻体两个成分之间一般要用是、也等比喻词。如：儿童是祖国的花朵。”基于此，人们常称隐喻为“浓缩的明喻”(a compressed or condensed simile)。隐喻与明喻的关系确实十分紧密，就是说定义也常常把
2、它们一起提起。例如 A Dictionary Of Literary Terms 认为，隐喻是“A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another.The basic figure in poetry.A comparison is usually implicit;whereas in simile it is explicit.”再次指出，隐喻的比喻是隐含着的，而明喻的比喻是明显的。综上所述，我们就可以得出这样一个概念，隐喻(metaphor)是相对于明喻(simile)而言的，运用隐喻这一修辞方法的
3、人，一般在句中不明确告诉读者 A 像 B 或 B 像 A，而是简捷地说 A 是 B 或 B就是 A。一、写作中用隐喻为句子表达润色 1.用名词展现形象景象 例如：All the worlds a stage,and all the men and women merely players.整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。The human tide was rolling westward.人流向西涌去。The web of our life is of a mingled yarn,good and ill together.我们的生活是吉凶交织而成的网。He is a walking
4、 dictionaryencyclopedia.他是一本活词典(百科全书)。Life is a journey.人生是一次旅行。Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验是智慧之母。He 1ives in a palace of a house.他住在宫殿一般的房子里，The boat disappeared in a mountain of a wave.船在一般如山高的大浪中消失了。2.用动词模仿动作特征 例如：2 1 The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地
5、吃了下去。Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.有些书是要品尝的，有的是要吞吃的，还有少数要细嚼慢咽，进行消化。The boy is shooting up fast.这个小孩长得特快。Waves thundered against the rocks.水浪猛烈地拍打着岩岸。The corridor was flooded with boys and girls.走廊里挤满了男女小孩。I have been wrestling with this pro
6、blem for half ah hour.我钻研这个问题已经半小时了。Everything was bathed in the golden sunlight.万物沐浴在金色的阳光下。He needled his way through the crowd.他穿过人群。3.用形容词凸显面貌、形态特征等 例如：We regard it as a burning shame to have lagged behind.我们把落后看成是奇耻大辱。He has a golden opportunity.他有着极好的机会。He has the microwave smile that warms an
7、other person without heat.他有一种微波微笑，能不加热而使别人温暖。其他形容词作喻体的有：the golden age 黄金时代 stormy applause 雷鸣般的掌声 iron will 钢铁般的意志 a silver tongue 流利的口才 a biting north wind 刺骨的北风等。注：某些复合形容词也含有喻体，例如：dog-tired(=very tired);pitch-darkblack(=very darkblack);coal-black(=very black);snow-white(=very white)等。4 用副词限定、强调或
8、摹状动作 例如：He flatly refused us.他坚决拒绝我们。They 1ived from hand to mouth.他们收入仅够糊口。He was almost at the end of his tether(牵绳)when he stumbled on the solution of his difficulty他在山穷水尽之际找到了解决困难的办法。People who 1ived in the glass house should not throw stones.处于脆弱地位的人不应攻击他人；正人先正已。She was born with a silver spoon
9、 in her mouth.她生于富贵人家。Time passed at a nails pace.时间过得很慢。They escaped by a hairs breath.他们死里逃生。5.用谚语的文化内涵增添表述的活力 例如：To many cooks spoil the broth.人多坏事。Do not put the cart before the horse.勿将本末倒置。Give him an inch and he will make a mile.得寸进尺。Look before you leap.三思而后行。Strike the iron while it is hot.
10、趁热打铁。You can not make an omelet without breaking eggs.做事不可畏首畏尾。Every dog has itshis day.人人皆有得意时。Still waters run deep.水静流深，人静心深。二、续写中运用隐喻的方法举例 下面我们以高考试题为例，简要分析如何在续写中使用隐喻，为表达增添活力。（2021 年 1 月，浙江高考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Pumpkin（南瓜）carving at Halloween is a family tradition.We visit a local farm
11、 every October.In the pumpkin field，I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin.My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home，and as the eldest child I have an advantageI carried an 85pounder back last year.This year，it was hard to tell whether my pri
12、ze or the one chosen by my 14yearold brother，Jason，was the winner.Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides，but I was determined to prove my point.All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table，with my mom filming the annual event.Im unsure now why I thought forcing my
13、head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter，but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.With the pumpkin resting on the table，hole uppermost，I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then，as I went on with my task，unwilling to quit，my no
14、se briefly prevented entry.Finally I managed to put my whole head into it，like a cork（软木塞）forced into a bottle.I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.My excitement was shortlived.The pumpkin was heavy.Im going to set it down，now，I said，and with Jason helping to sup
15、port its weight，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest.It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in.When I pulled hard，my nose got in the way.I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and m
16、oved my head around trying to find the right angle，but it was no use.I cant get it out!I shouted，my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2.至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1 I was stuck for five or six minutes tho
17、ugh it felt much longer._ Paragraph 2 That video was posted the day before Halloween._ 1.利用隐喻增添续写表现力的策略（1）用形容词模拟心理状态 例如：I could hear my sisters cutting laughter and Jasons muffled voice talking about forcing the giant thing open.我能听到我姐姐刺耳的笑声，还有杰森低沉的声音在谈论如何把那个巨大的东西打开。（2）用动词刻画动作效果 例如：The air inside th
18、e hollow vegetable was flooded with of my anxious breath.空心南瓜的空气中充满了我焦虑的呼吸。（3）用名词凸显某一事件带来的影响 例如：One girl recalled celebrating it with her brothers and sisters,and thanked us for“bringing her home”.一个女孩回忆起和她的兄弟姐妹一起庆祝，并感谢我们“把她带回家”。2.用隐喻增添续写语篇的表现力 It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.T
19、he air inside the hollow vegetable was flooded of my anxious breath.I could hear my sisters cutting laughter and Jasons muffled voice talking about forcing the giant thing open.“No!Not my precious pumpkin!”I protested.Eventually,Dad helped me adjust my body to a more relaxed position,and pulled the
20、pumpkin gently off my head.Hair in knots,nose and chain covered in pumpkin flesh,I let out a sigh of relief.Thats when I realized the camera had been rolling the whole time!The video was posted online the Monday before Halloween.I looked just like a pumpkin head in it.Embarrassed and a little annoye
21、d,I fled to my room,but Mom stopped me.“You havent read the comments yet.”I scrolled down the screen and marveled at the stories the viewers shared about Halloween.One girl recalled celebrating it with her brothers and sisters,and thanked us for“bringing her home”.The words brought warmth to my hear
22、t and tears to my eyes.I felt lucky to be a part of this mischievous yet loving family.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It seems that friendship can also exist between dogs and horses.Ive witnessed one inspiring case.One morning,I went outside to feed our horse Bullet.Usually,Bullet waits eagerl
23、y at the fence for his breakfast.But this morning he stayed near a tree in the pastures center.As he began joyfully walking toward me,I noticed a dog lying in the tall grass beneath the tree.So this was what held Bullets attention this morning:a homeless dog.Most of the homeless dogs shied away from
24、 our large Bullet,but this one seemed to feel safe in the shelter of the tall grass regardless of Bullet.I placed alfalfa cubes inside the fence.After Bullet ate them,Id give him some cookies he loved most.I walked back to my porch and sat down.As Bullet ate alfalfa,the dog stood up cautiously,stare
25、d at Bullet for long and then slowly walked toward Bullet.The dog often paused and looked at me to ensure I wasnt a threat.As the dog drew closer to Bullet,I held my breath.I didnt know how Bullet would react to an animal that approached while he was eating.Knowing a horses kick can kill a dog,I dec
26、ided to scare the dog away.Just then Bullet swung his head and looked at the dog.Not minding it,he ate his food again.The dog drew close enough to take an alfalfa cube.My heart broke as I watched the dog a female chewing on the alfalfa.She had to be extremely hungry to attempt to eat horse feed.I we
27、nt inside the house,carried some meat and walked toward the fence.The dog soon ran to the safety of the tall grass near the tree.I put the meat down outside the fence and went back inside the house.Shed probably come for the meat when I was out of sight.Minutes later,I realized I hadnt yet gi ven Bu
28、llet his cookies.I took some and went back outside.Amazingly,Bullet was lying down in the grass beneath the tree with the dog next to him.I smiled at the warm scene they created.注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；A 3 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Knowing I carried his treat,Bullet got up quickly and ran to me._ But Bullet di
29、dnt care as the dog jumped forward and took a cookie._ 读后续写隐喻修辞使用导引 策略 表达举例 使用目的 使用介词短语 waited in the glass 描述等待时的心态等 使用介词短语 at a nails pace 描述移动的速度的特征 使用名词 a valuable life journey 再现友谊的珍贵.【参考范文】Knowing I carried his treat,Bullet got up quickly and ran to me.The dog watched and waited in the glass a
30、s I threw cookies over the fence.I noticed she hadnt gotten the courage to venture outside the fence to get the meat.I went back to the porch,trying to think of a way to make the dog overcome her fear and come for the meat.Noticing Bullet was eating,the dog began to move forward at a nails pace,watc
31、hing me all the while.“He might share his alfalfa with you,but hell never let you eat his favorite cookies!”I said to myself.But Bullet didnt care as the dog jumped forward and took a cookie.The dog soon swallowed the cookie,and then took more.When Bullet walked back toward the trees shade,the dog w
32、alked along.All day long,they stayed together.The next day,Bullet still shared his food with the dog.And I managed to make the dog get out of the pasture and adopted her.Although she eventually warmed to me,she always loved Bullets company most.Theyd run joyfully together and rest together.And often
33、 Bullet touched the dog with his nose and she licked his face.I knew they had become close friends and a valuable life journey began.【写作指导】本文讲述了作者的牧场来了一只流浪狗，但作者的马 Bullet 并不介意这只狗，Bullet 选择和这只狗共享自己的食物，它们之间产生了友谊。作者最终收养了狗，狗非常喜欢 Bullet 的陪伴，它们成了亲密的朋友。1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“Bullet 知道我拿着他的食物，赶紧站起来跑向我”可知，第一段可描写作者让狗
34、克服恐惧过来吃东西，以及 Bullet 的反应。由第二段首句内容“但 Bullet 并不在意，因为狗跳了过去，拿走了一块饼干。”可知，第二段可描写 Bullet和狗分享了自己爱吃的食物，以后它们最终成为朋友的经过。2.续写线索：Bullet 过来吃食物狗恐惧狗靠近 Bullet狗吃饼干收养狗狗和 Bullet 成为朋友 3.词汇激活 行为类 拿着：carry/hold 尝试：try to/attempt to 开始：begin/start 情绪类 快速：quickly/rapidly 介意：care/mind【典型句式】句式 1 The dog watched as I threw cooki
35、es over the fence.(运用了 as 引导时间状语从句)句式 2 Although she eventually warmed to me,she always loved Bullets company most.(运用了让步状语从句)1阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The Case of the Missing Dinosaur（恐龙）My little brother Teddy and I run a detective agency together out of an office in my bedroom closet.
36、The sign on the door says Investigations by Nina(with help from Teddy).Well,Were detectives.We find things like missing shoes and hats.Teddy handed me notes hed gathered from the empty flowerpot on our porch(走廊).Thats where family and neighbors let us know about mysteries to solve.I read the papers,
37、only to find that there were nothing important.“How about a dinosaur?”asked Teddy.“My friend Peter is missing his dinosaur.”That sounded great.I asked Teddy to tell me everything he knew.Most days after school,my brother goes across the street to Peters house to play Go Fish.But yesterday,Peter refu
38、sed to play any games.His eyes were red.He kept talking about his dinosaur,Bruno.We decided to help him.B Then we walked to Peters house to check things out.注意：1续写词数应为 150 左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。I started with my usual questions._ Teddy was turning out to be a good detective._【参考范文】I started with my
39、usual questions.“When did you last see Bruno?Where did you see him?”I asked.“Yesterday,in the morning.I was holding him.”Peter answered.Thats weird.“I have an idea,”said Teddy,“Lets pretend it was yesterday.”Then Peter held his imaginary dinosaur with one hand.He went to the pantry and pulled out a
40、chair with both hands.“Wait,”I said.“How did you hold Bruno while you were carrying the chair?”“The pantry!”Teddy whispered.Teddy was turning out to be a good detective.He ran into the pantry and found a stuffed dinosaur.“You probably put Bruno there when you picked up the chair,”Teddy explained.Pet
41、er hugged his dinosaur tightly.He wouldnt let us leave until we hugged his dinosaur too.Back home,I peeked inside the flowerpot on our porch.Three more slips of paper waited for us.I had the feeling it was going to be another busy Saturday.【写作指导】本文以人物故事为线索展开，讲述了作者和弟弟泰迪开了一家侦探社，弟弟的一个朋友皮特的恐龙玩具不见了，他现状心情
42、很糟糕，我们决定帮助他，然后我和弟弟去他家进行调查。开始我们问了皮特一些问题，随着问题深入，答案逐渐浮出水面，他们跑进跑进食品储藏室，找到了皮特的恐龙玩具，他非常开心的故事。1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“我从我通常的问题开始。”可知，第一段可描写作者开始询问一些与案件有关的问题，事情将逐渐清晰。由第二段首句内容“特迪原来是个好侦探。”可知，第二段可描写作者和弟弟泰迪终于帮皮特找到了恐龙玩具。2.续写线索：问问题回答思考深调查找到感谢 3.词汇激活 行为类.开始：start/begin.回家：back home/return home.拥抱：hug/embrace/enfold 情绪类.紧紧的
43、：tightly/closely/firmly.忙碌的：busy/engaged【典型句式】句式 1.“You probably put Bruno there when you picked up the chair,”Teddy explained.（由连接副词 when 引导的时间状语从句）句式 2.He wouldnt let us leave until we hugged his dinosaur too.（由 not.until“直到才”引导的时间状语从句）2阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It was the most beautifu
44、l motorbike and the first of its kind in the neighborhood,a magic blue one with two smart rear-view mirrors.It belonged to Ranjans uncle.Overnight,Ranjan had become a prince among us boys.We surrounded him the next day,wanting to learn more details.Ranjans uncle had come from Bombay,riding the new m
45、otorbike.Every afternoon when he slept,we would gather around the blue bike,admiring it.Sometimes Ranjan managed to take out his uncles red helmet(头盔).We would wear it in turn and sit on the bike,imagining starting it and being off.In the evenings,we watched Ranjan go out for a ride with his uncle a
46、nd our eyes were filled with envy(羡慕).One Monday morning I was struggling with the homework when Ranjan whispered in my ear,“I am learning to ride it,Tony.”“What?”I doubted.“I will show you this afternoon.”Ranjan sounded confident.Ranjan,like the rest of us,knew everything about the motorbike,every
47、part of it.But to ride it was another story.Like all grown-ups,his uncle had this belief that fourteen-year-olds could not ride things like motorbikes.It is unfair really.The big moment came at last.After lunch,I came to meet Ranjan,who appeared at the gate seconds later,wearing the red helmet.Noise
48、lessly,he wheeled the bike out of the gate.He looked around carefully,pushed it down the road,and started it.“Get on,boy!”I felt excited as I climbed onto the back seat,but still could not believe that he could ride it.“Ready?”Ranjan shouted.“Yeah.What are you waiting for?”We were off.The road was n
49、early empty and we were moving smoothly.I had a look at the speedometer(速度计):30 kmph.How cool it was!注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Suddenly,a dog rushed out and ran across the road._ We picked up the motorbike and found one mirror was missing._【参考范文】Suddenly,a dog rushed out and ran across
50、the road.“Hey,Ranjan stop!”I yelled,gripping his shoulders.Our minds raced,trying to think of a way to do something.But it was too late.In the twinkling of an eyelid,he stepped on the brakes and the motorbike screeched to a halt.No sooner had we knocked into the poor dog than we stopped our motorbik