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1、土木工程专业外文文献及翻译 This manuscript was revised by JIEK MA on December 15th,2012.学校代码：学校代码：学学号：号：外文文献及翻译外文文献及翻译（二二一一年年月月英题题目目：About Buiding on the Structure About Buiding on the StructureDesignDesign学学生生姓姓名名：学学院院：土土 木木 工工 程程 学学 院院系系别别：建建 筑筑 工工 程程 系系专专业业：土土 木木 工工 程程(建建 筑筑 工工 程程 方方 向向)班班级级：土土 木木 0 0 8 8-4 4
2、 班班指指导导教教师师：二二六六文原文：Building construction concrete crack ofprevention and processingAbstractThe crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but againdifficult in solve of engineering actual problem,this text carried on astudy analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concreteeng
3、ineering,and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward someprevention,processing measure.Keyword:Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processingForewordConcretes ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone,cement,water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of qualitybrittl
4、eness not and all the concrete construction transform with oneself,control etc.a series problem,harden model of in the concrete existencenumerous tiny hole,spirit cave and tiny crack,is exactly because thesebeginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one somenot and all the c
5、haracteristic of tiny crack is a kind of harmless crackand accept concrete heavy,defend Shen and a little bit other use functionnot a creation to after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry,difference in temperature etc.function,tiny crack would continuously ofexpand with connect,end formation we
6、 can see without the aid of instrumentsof macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in theengineering.Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of,because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part ofreinforcing bar etc.material creati
7、on decay,lower reinforced concretematerial of loading ability,durable and anti-Shen ability,influencebuilding of external appearance,service life,severity will threat arrivepeoples life and property lot of all of crash of engineerings is becauseof the unsteady development of the crack with the resul
8、t age scienceresearch with a great deal of of the concrete engineering practicecertificate,in the concrete engineering crack problem is ineluctable,alsoacceptable in certainly of the scope just need to adopt valid of measurewill it endanger degree control at certain of scope reinforced concretenorm
9、is also explicit provision:Some structure at place of dissimilarityunder the condition allow existence certain the crack of at underconstruction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure control crackcreation,make the structure dont appear crack possibly or as far aspossible decrease crack of
10、amount and width,particularly want to as far aspossible avoid harmful crack of emergence,insure engineering quality thus.Concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have alreadytransformed to cause of crack:Such as temperature variety,constringency,inflation,the asymmetry sink to sink etc.
11、reason cause of crack;Haveoutside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment notappropriate the crack etc.caused with chemical differentiation to treat inthe actual engineering,workout a problem according to the actualcircumstance.In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and
12、 the prevention Suo crack and preventionStem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of aperiod of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around athe cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo,and thiskind of constringency is cant Suo crack of t
13、he creation be main is becauseof concrete inside outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but causeto transform dissimilarity of result:The concrete is subjected to exteriorcondition of influence,surface humidity loss lead quick,transform bigger,inner part degree of humidity variety smaller t
14、ransform smaller,biggersurface stem the Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner partcontrol,creation more big pull should dint but creation relative humidityis more low,cement syrup body stem Suo more big,stem the Suo crack be moreeasy the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the
15、 net shallowthin crack,width many between mm,the flat surface part much see in thebig physical volume concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank shortto Suo crack usually the anti-Shen of influence concrete,cause thedurable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar,under thefu
16、nction of the water pressure dint would creation the water power splitcrack influence concrete of loading dint etc.Concrete stem the Suo be mainwith water ash of the concrete ratio,the dosage of the composition,cementof cement,gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage,inaddition
17、etc.relevant.Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringencyquantity smaller cement,general low hot water mire and powder ash fromstove cement in the adoption,lower the dosage of is a concrete of stem theSuo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big,water ash ratio
18、more big,stem Suo more big,so in the concrete match the ratio the designshould as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use,theChan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce is strict control concretemix blend with under construction of match ratio,use of concrete waterquantity
19、 absolute cant big in match ratio design give settle of use wateris the earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect,and appropriateextension protect of concrete construction want to be appropriate extensionconcrete heat preservation to overlay time,and Tu2 Shua protect to is aconstitution th
20、e accommodation is in the concrete structure of theconstringency sew.Su constringency crack and preventionSu constringency is the concrete is before condense,surface because oflose water quicker but creation of Su constringency crack is general at dryheat or strong wind the weather appear,cracks muc
21、h presenting in thecenter breadth,both ends be in the centerthin and the length be different,with each other not coherent crack general long 20-30 cm,the longer crackcan reach to a 2-3 m,breadth 1-5 creation of main reason is:The concreteis eventually almost having no strength or strength before the
22、 Ning verysmall,perhaps concrete just eventually Ning but strength very hour,besubjected to heat or compare strong wind dint of influence,the concretesurface lose water to lead quick,result in in the capillary creation biggernegative press but make a concrete physical volume sharply constringency,bu
23、t at this time the strength of concrete again cant resist itsconstringency,therefore creation influence concrete Su constringency openthe main factor of crack to have water ash ratio,concrete of condense time,environment temperature,wind velocity,relative humidity.etc.Main prevention measure:One is
24、choose to use stem the Suo value smallerhigher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or common the Huo sourbrine is strict the control water ash ratio,the Chan add to efficientlyreduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and witheasy,decrease cement and water of is to sp
25、rinkle before building concrete,water basic level and template even to soak is in time to overlay theperhaps damp grass mat of the plastics thin film,hemp slice etc.,keepconcrete eventually before the Ning surface is moist,perhaps spray toprotect etc.to carry on protect in the concrete is in the hea
26、t and strongwind the weather to want to establish to hide sun and block breezefacilities,protect in time.to sink crack and preventionThe creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structurefoundation soil quality not and evenly,loose soft or return to fill soildishonest or soak in water but
27、 result in the asymmetry sink to decline withthe result that;Perhaps because of template just degree shortage,thetemplate propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose moveetc.to cause,especially at winter,the template prop up at jelly soil up,jelly the soil turn jelly empress creatio
28、n asymmetry to sink to decline andcause concrete structure creation kind crack many is deep enter or piercethrough sex crack,it alignment have something to do with sinking to sink acircumstance,general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 s-45 Cape direction development,bigger sink to sink
29、 crack,usually havecertain of wrong,crack width usually with sink to decline quantity directproportion width under the influence of temperature variety foundationafter transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability.Main prevention measure:One is rightness loose soft soil,return
30、tofill soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front shouldcarry on necessity of Hang solid with is the strength that assurancetemplate is enough and just degree,and prop up firm,and make thefoundation be subjected to dint is keep concrete from sprinkle infusing thefoundation in t
31、he process is soak by is time that template tore down tocant be too early,and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of is atjelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain ofprevention measure.crack and preventionTemperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or diff
32、erencein temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the eartharea of the concrete after sprinkling to build,in the hardening theprocess,cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turnhot,.(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/m 3,each sign square therice concrete wil
33、l release a calories of kJ and make concrete internal thusthe temperature rise to reach to 70 or so even higher)Because thephysical volume of concrete be more big,a great deal of of water turn hotaccumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth,cause innerpart the temperature hoick,but
34、the concrete surface spread hot more quick,so formation inside outside of bigger difference in temperature,the biggerdifference in temperature result in inner part and exterior hot the degreeof the bulge cold Suo dissimilarity,make concrete surface creation certainof pull should pull should dint exc
35、eed the anti-of concrete pull strengthextreme limit,concrete surface meeting creation crack,this kind of crackmuch occurrence after the concrete under construction the concrete of underconstruction be difference in temperature variety more big,perhaps is aconcrete to be subjected to assault of cold
36、wave etc.,will cause concretesurface the temperature sharply descend,but creation constringency,surfaceconstringency of the concrete be subjected to inner part concrete of control,creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack,this kind of crackusually just in more shallow scope of the con
37、crete surface creation.The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation,big area structure the crack often maneuver interleave;The size biggerstructure of the beam plank length,the crack run parallel with short sidemore;Thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack gener
38、al and shortside direction parallelism or close parallelism,crack along long side centthe segment appear,in the center more width the size be different,besubjected to temperature variety influence more obvious,winter comparebreadth,summer more concrete temperature crack that the heat inflationcause
39、is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin,but cold Suocrack of thick thin variety not too emergence of the this kind crack willcause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar,the carbonization of concrete,the anti-jelly which lower concrete melt,anti-tired and anti-Shenability etc.and preventio
40、n that the chemical reaction causeAlkali bones anticipating the crack that reaction crack andreinforcing bar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar in the reinforcedconcrete structure of because of chemical reaction but cause of crack.The concrete blend a future reunion creation some alkalescence i
41、on,these ion with some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical reactionand absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volumeenlarge,make concrete crisp loose,inflation open this kind of crackgeneral emergence concrete structure usage period,once appear verydifficult remediab
42、le,so should at under construction adopt valid themeasure carry on of prevention measure:While being to choose to anticipatewith the alkali activity small freestone is the in addition which choose touse low lye mire with low alkali or have no is the Chan which choose to useaccommodation with anticip
43、ate to repress an alkali bone to anticipatereaction.Because the concrete sprinkle to build,flap Dao bad perhaps is areinforcing bar protection layer thinner,the harmful material get intoconcrete to make reinforcing bar creation rust eclipse,the reinforcing barphysical volume of the rust eclipse infl
44、ation,cause concrete bulge crack,the crack of this kind type much is a crack lengthways,follow the positionof reinforcing bar of prevent measure from have:One is assurancereinforcing bar protection the thickness of the is a concrete class to gotogether with to want is a concrete to sprinkle to note
45、and flap Daoairtight is a reinforcing bar surface layer Tu2 Shua antisepsis coating.Crack processingThe emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of wholewith just degree,return will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar,acceleration concrete of carbonization,lower durable and an
46、ti-of concretetired,anti-Shen according to the property of crack and concretecircumstance we want differentiation to treat,in time processing,withassurance building of safety usage.The repair measure of the concrete crack is main to have the followingsome method:Surface repair method,infuse syrup,th
47、e Qian sew method,thestructure reinforce a method,concrete displacement method,electricitychemistry protection method and imitate to living from heal method.Surface repair the method be a kind of simple,familiar of repairmethod,it main be applicable to stability and to structure loading theability d
48、ont have the surface crack of influence and deep enter crack ofprocessing measure that is usually is a surface in crack daubery cementsyrup,the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint,asphalt etc.antisepsis material,at protection of in the meantime forkeeping concrete from conti
49、nue under the influence of various function toopen crack,usually can adoption the surface in crack glue to stick glassfiber cloth etc.measure.1,infuse syrup,the Qian sew methodInfuse a syrup method main the concrete crack been applicable to haveinfluence or have already defend Shen request to the st
50、ructure whole ofrepair,it is make use of pressure equipments gum knot the material pressinto the crack of concrete,gum knot the material harden behind and concreteformation one be whole,thus reinforce of in common use gum knot materialhas the cement the syrup,epoxy,A Ji C Xi sour ester and gather am