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1、三阶魔方图解教程三阶魔方图解教程一、认识三阶魔方三阶魔方(三阶，即 3X3，每面共 9 块分三层的魔方)，即最常见的魔方。是匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院厄尔诺?鲁比克教授在 1974 年发明的。当初他发明魔方，仅仅是作为一种帮助学生增强空间思维能力的教学工具。但要使那些小方块可以随意转动而不散开，不仅是个机械难题，这牵涉到木制的轴心，座和榫头等。直到魔方在手时，他将魔方转了几下后，才发现如何把混乱的颜色方块复原竟是个有趣而且困难的问题。鲁比克就决心大量生产这种玩具。魔方发明后不久就风靡世界。二、还原步骤底层小 T中层归位顶层十字顶棱大 T顶角到位顶角归位1、记忆 6 面颜色三阶魔方有 6 个面，颜色
2、相对固定，一般为白、黄、蓝、绿、红、橙，且白黄相对，蓝绿相对，红橙相对，需要记忆这 6 个面的相对位置，比如按照我们现在的主流魔方的贴纸的贴法(上黄下白，前蓝后緑，左橙右红)。注:其实每个面的颜色都是固定的，因为魔方 6 个面的中心块相对位置是不动的，通过这 6 块的颜色，在还原过程中也可帮助我们判断每一面的颜色。diseaseand other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatmentemergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and otherIn
3、terventional therapeutic indication and application principle ofdynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiac pacing.About:secondary hypertension and artificial valves and intravenous drugaddicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis and treatment ofcardiac neurosis heart echocardiography
4、,Radiofrequency catheterablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisorders 5 congest
5、ive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learningdisease species and the cases number requirements:
6、disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cerebrovascular ac
7、cidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root2、记忆 6 面名称，及旋转方向(1)为了便于后面记忆还原公式，我们还需要了解一下三阶魔方 6 个面的名称，当我们双手拿着魔方时，通常我们将魔方对着自己的一面称为魔方的前面，用字母“F”表示;背对着自己的一面称为魔方的后面，用字母“B”表示;对着左手的一面称为魔方的左面，用字母“L”表示;对着右手的一面称为魔方的右面，用字母“R”表示;朝上的一面称为魔方的上面，用字母“U”表示;朝下的一面称为魔方的下面，用字母“D”表示。即:上“U”，下“D”，左“L”，右“R”，前“F”
8、，后“B”。(2)魔方在旋转时每个面还有两个不同的旋转方向，就是我们通常所说的顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转。以魔方的前面为例，向右转即为顺时针旋转，向左转即为逆时针旋转，其它 5面与此相同，不过相对的旋转方向会有所变化。比如魔方的右面顺时针旋转时，实际是将魔方的右面向我们的前面进行旋转。建议初学时，可先反复进行练习，熟练记忆每个面的旋转方向。由于旋转面和旋转方向的不同，公式当中会有不同的书写表示，举例说明一下。比如公式当中如果出现 R，表示右面顺时针旋转 90?，若加上单引号(“”表示逆时针旋转)，写作 R则表示右面逆时针旋转 90?。注:所谓的魔方 6 面的名称都是相对的，要根据每个步骤的具体情况
9、来判断魔方 6 个面的位置名称及旋转方向。3、还原底层，完成小“T”首先还原魔方任意一面，可根据个人喜好随意选择一面进行还原，但最好能记住其它 5 面的颜色位置，所以建议初学时每次固定完成相同颜色面，待熟练后再随意还原。多数人基本可以独立完成一面的颜色还原，但这还不够，需要将这一面还原成周围四面为大写字母“T”的形状，通常我们称这一步骤为还原小“T”。如下图所示disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary ang
10、ioplasty(PTCA)and other Interventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.About:secondary hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andtreatment of cardiac neuros
11、is heart echocardiography,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5
12、rhythmdisorders 5 congestive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learningdisease species and the c
13、ases number requirements:disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mas
14、tering:cerebrovascular accidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root白色面还原，周围四面成倒写的字母“T”在完成小“T”的过程中，可以独立摸索并总结还原方法，如果实在无法完成，可适当参照以下情形利用公式进行还原。首先将白色面的四个棱块，根据四面中心块的颜色还原，然后还原底层四个角块，具体情形及还原公式如下图右顺、上顺、右逆右顺、上顺、右逆、上逆、右顺、上顺、右逆 前逆、上逆、前顺右顺、上顺、右逆、右顺、上顺、右逆、上逆、右顺、上顺、右逆 前逆、上逆、前顺、上顺、前逆、上逆、前顺 diseas
15、e and other causes,clinicalmanifestation,diagnosis and treatment emergent percutaneoustransluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and other Interventionaltherapeutic indication and application principle of dynamicelectrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiac pacing.About:secondaryhypertension and artifici
16、al valves and intravenous drug addictsendocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis and treatment of cardiacneurosis heart echocardiography,Radiofrequency catheter ablation forthe treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning diseasespecies and the cases number requirements:disease species cases
17、 number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulse integrated levy 10 acutepericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythm disorders 5 congestiveheart failure 5(2)clinical operation technology requirements:clinicaloperation technology name cases times(?)ECG check 20 emergencydissolved tied operation 4 exc
18、ept fibrillation and the electricalcardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learning disease speciesand the cases number requirements:disease species cases number(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory 1Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditis hypertensions
19、econdary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prosthetic valveendocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cerebrovascular accidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root4、还原中层棱块将魔方中层还原成右图所示这一步骤当中会出现三种基本情形，可利用 2 个公式根据具体情况进行还原:情形一:上逆、前逆、上顺、前顺、上顺、右顺、上逆、右逆情形二:上顺、右顺、上逆、右逆、上逆、前
20、逆、上顺、前顺 情形三:如下图所示，你需要的棱块不在顶层，而在中间层棱块的位置，但颜色反了，或者位置根本就不对，碰到这种情况我们就用 3-1 或者 3-2 的公式把最上面一层的其他颜色的棱块转移到该位置，我们要的那个蓝红棱块就自然换到顶层了，这稍微有点麻烦，不过这种转换的思想可好好领会一下，在以后的学习过程中会经常用到类似的魔方转换思想。disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTC
21、A)and other Interventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.About:secondary hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andtreatment of cardiac neurosis heart ech
22、ocardiography,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisord
23、ers 5 congestive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learningdisease species and the cases number
24、requirements:disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cereb
25、rovascular accidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root5、还原顶层“十”字将魔方顶层还原成右图所示这一步我们只用一个公式就可以完成顶部十字，在还原过程中，可能会出现以下三种情形:前顺、右顺、上顺、右逆、上逆、前逆情形一:点对线需利用公式旋转一次完成情形二:点对角需利用公式旋转两次完成，注意顶层的角一定是“九点钟”方向如图disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous
26、 transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and other Interventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.About:secondary hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andt
27、reatment of cardiac neurosis heart echocardiography,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis
28、 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisorders 5 congestive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learnin
29、gdisease species and the cases number requirements:disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intraven
30、ous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cerebrovascular accidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root情形三:点对点需利用公式旋转三次完成，方法又分为两种:(1)两遍公式 4+U+公式 4(2)公式 4+U+U+两遍公式 46、还原顶层棱块，完成大“T”这一步的目的是使顶层的 4 个棱中间块全部归位。可以先观察这 4 块的位置，根据前后左右四个面的颜色，判断它们之间的关系，具体还原过程如下:本步骤只需一个公式:(R U RU)(R U U R)右顺、上顺、右逆、上顺、右顺、
31、上顺、上顺、右逆情形一:将绿色面朝向自己，用一次公式即可还原。disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and other Interventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.Ab
32、out:secondary hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andtreatment of cardiac neurosis heart echocardiography,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases n
33、umber requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisorders 5 congestive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 e
34、mergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learningdisease species and the cases number requirements:disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for c
35、onstrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cerebrovascular accidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root情形二:从图中可以看出，绿色顶层棱块应该是在橙色的左边，所以需要将这两块交换位置，可将橙色面朝向自己，用一次公式即可还原。还有一些
36、情形，都可以参照所列举的两种情形利用公式完成还原归位。注:此公式可将相邻两块顶层棱块交换位置，还原过程中可随意转动顶层以便判断各棱块的对应位置，一定要将需要交换位置的两个棱块一个转向左面，一个转向前面，再用公式进行还原，用完公式后，可能还需要转动魔方顶层来调整到相对应颜色的面上使顶层棱块归位。7、顶层角块还原到位disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and other I
37、nterventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.About:secondary hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andtreatment of cardiac neurosis heart echocardiography
38、,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisorders 5 congest
39、ive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learningdisease species and the cases number requirements:
40、disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cerebrovascular ac
41、cidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root完成大“T”后，观察手中的魔方，可能已经有某个顶层角块还原到位甚至已经还原归位，将魔方拿在手中转动整个魔方，使已经到位的角块在魔方前面的右上角位置，如图所示进行还原。公式为:(U R U L)(U R U L)上顺、右顺、上逆、左逆、上顺、右逆、上逆、左顺情形一:按照图示步骤旋转魔方，即可使全部顶层角块到位。若仍未到位，重复该步骤。情形二:若每一个顶层角块都不在正确位置，可随意选一个面，按照图示步骤旋转，即可变成第一种情况。8、顶层角块还原归位，魔方完成完成第六步后，顶层的
42、四个角块应该都位于正确位置了。这一步会让颜色错开的顶层角块完全归位，使魔方完全还原。无论此时有几个角块仍未归位，任选一个未归位的角块，转动整个魔方(注意是整个意思就是说把魔方放在你手里调动位置不要单独转顶层或某一层)，使该角块转到前面右上角的位置，如下图左边图示的方向朝向你，然后依照下图方法进行还原。公式:RDR D右逆、下逆、右顺、下顺disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTC
43、A)and other Interventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.About:secondary hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andtreatment of cardiac neurosis heart ech
44、ocardiography,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requirements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisord
45、ers 5 congestive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dissolved tied operation 4 except fibrillation andthe electrical cardioversion law 5 3.high requirements(1)learningdisease species and the cases number
46、requirements:disease species casesnumber(?)heart valve disease 2 infection sex endocardial inflammatory1 Congenital heart disease 2 1 for constrictive pericarditishypertension secondary to peripheral vascular diseases,2 2 prostheticvalve endocarditis in intravenous drug addicts and 1.Mastering:cereb
47、rovascular accidents,intracranial hypertension,epilepsy,multiplenerve root情形一:如上面左图，角块未归位且红或蓝色朝上，用两次公式可完成情形二:如上面左图，角块未归位且假设此时是黄色朝上，用四次公式才能完成注:(1)假如你在做 R 的时候角块就归位了，此时一定不能停，一定要再继续转动 D，使这 4 步变得完整(2)当一个顶角块完全归位后，魔方的下两层可能是打乱的，但不要紧，不管它，继续其他步骤(3)完成一块后，若仍有未归位的角块，此时魔方方向不要动，只转动顶层，将下一个需要还原的角块，转到魔方前面右上角的位置，继续上面步
48、骤进行还原，直到所有顶层角块全部完成。disease and other causes,clinical manifestation,diagnosis andtreatment emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)and other Interventional therapeutic indication and applicationprinciple of dynamic electrocardiogram,pericardiocentesis,cardiacpacing.About:secondar
49、y hypertension and artificial valves andintravenous drug addicts endocarditis,myocardial disease,diagnosis andtreatment of cardiac neurosis heart echocardiography,Radiofrequencycatheter ablation for the treatment of patients.2.basic requirements(1)learning disease species and the cases number requir
50、ements:diseasespecies cases number(?)acute myocarditis 2 acute Crown pulseintegrated levy 10 acute pericarditis 2 primary hypertension 5 rhythmdisorders 5 congestive heart failure 5(2)clinical operation technologyrequirements:clinical operation technology name cases times(?)ECGcheck 20 emergency dis