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1、20172017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankand mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)and mark A,
2、B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Todayis no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 thattechnology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the comingwork-free world will be defined by 2.A few wealthy peo
3、ple will own allthe capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland ofa different sort,one4purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives 5people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,todayunemploy
4、ed don t seemby,sto be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent ofAmericans whohave been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,doublethe ratefor 7 Americans.Also,some research suggests thatthe8for rising rates ofmortality,mental-health problems,andaddicting 9poorly
5、-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 theagonizingdullness of a joblessfuture.But it11t follow from findings like these that a world without workdoesnwouldbe filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployedin asociety built on th
6、e concept of employment.In the13 of work,a society designedwith other ends in mind14 strikingly different circumstanced for thecouldfutureof labor and leisure.Today,the 15 of work may be a bit“Many jobsoverblown.are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,a lecturer at the National
7、 University of Ireland inGalway.These days,because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,peopleuse theirfree time to counterbalance the intellectual andof theiremotional 17jobs.“When Icome home from a hard s work,I often 18feel,”Danaher says,dayadding,“In aDanaher,”saysJohnworld in which I
8、don t have to work,I might feel rather differentperhapsdifferent”enough to throwa hobby or a passion project with the intensityhimself19 usuallyreserved for 20 matters.1A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring【答案】C warning2A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty【答案】A inequality3A policyB
9、guidelineC resolutionD prediction【答案】D prediction4A characterizedBdividedC balancedDmeasured【答案】A characterized5A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom【答案】B meaning6A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless【答案】B Indeed7A richB urbanCworkingD educated【答案】C working8A explanationB requirementC compensationD subs
10、titute【答案】A explanation9A underB beyondC alongsideD among【答案】D among10A leave behindB make upC worry aboutD set aside【答案】C worry about11A statisticallyeconomicallyB occasionallyC necessarilyD【答案】C necessarily12A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles【答案】B downsides13A absenceB heightC faceD course
11、【答案】A absence14A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield【答案】D yield15A modelB practiceC virtueD hardship【答案】C virtue16A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce【答案】D scarce17A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats【答案】A demands18A ignoredB tiredC confusedD starved【答案】B tired19A offB againstC behindD into【答案】D i
12、nto20A technologicalinterpersonalB professionalC educationalD【答案】B professionalSectionIISectionIIReading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionPart APart ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEETAN
13、SWER SHEET.(40points)Text 1Text 1Every Saturday morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5kmaround their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friendsand has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range f
14、rom four years old tograndparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley s world record 13minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London s Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years agoonthMonday,it was announced that the Games of the 30Olympiad would be inLondon.Planning documents ple
15、dged that thegreat legacy of the Gameswould be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.Thepopulation would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number ofadults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run up to2012but the general popula
16、tion was growing faster.Worse,the numbers arenow falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupilsdoing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risenamong adults and children.Officialretrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a
17、 generation.”Thesuccess of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.Theethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timerbeing clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympicbidders,by contrast,wanted
18、 to get more people doing sports and to producemore elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success overtaking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planningof such a fundamentally“grassroots”,concept as comm
19、unity sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goods making sure there is space for playing fields and themoney to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision ofall these activities in schools.But successive govern
20、ments have presidedover sellinggreen spaces,squeezing money from local authorities anddeclining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthystrategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions forsport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1
21、,Parkrunhas.A gained great popularityB created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival【答案】A gained great popularity22.The author believes that LondonA boost population growth s Olympic“legacy”.has failed toBpromote sport participationC improve the city s imageD increase s
22、port hours in schools【答案】B promote sport participation23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.A aims at discovering talentsBfocuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismDdoes not attract first-timers【答案】C does not emphasize elitism24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds
23、 that governmentsshould.A organize“grassroots”sports eventsB supervise local sportsassociations C increase funds forsports clubsD invest in public sports facilities【答案】D invest in public sports facilities25.The author s attitude to what UK governments have done forsports.is A tolerantB criticalCunce
24、rtainD sympathetic【答案】B criticalText 2With so much focus on childrenabouttheir own screen use.Ra s use of screens,it s easy for parents to forget”says Jenny“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,“productsanddigitalare there to promote maximalin her study of digital play,family routine.”engagemen
25、t.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into theRadesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes bygiving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that motherswho sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39percent
26、fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separateobservation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would bemaking excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to
27、understand their world,and ifthosefaces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in adeviceitcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still faceexperiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,amother is asked to interact with he
28、r child in a normal way before putting ona blankexpression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The childbecomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her“Parentsmother s attention.don thave to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance andparents s verbal
29、 or nonverbal expressions ofneed to be responsive and sensitive to a childanemotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worriesabout kids usescreens are born out of“oppressive ideology that demands that parentsanshould“It s based on a somewhatalways be intera
30、cting”with their children:fantasized,vwhite,very upper-middle-class ideology that says re failing to exposeif youchild to 30,000 words you are neglectingthem.child isn t learning from the screen doesnyour”Tronick believesbecausethatjustt mean thereparticularlysnovalueifto itit gives parents time to
31、have a shower,do housework or simply have a breakfrom their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices tospeak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feelhappier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Ra
32、desky,digital products are designed to _.A simplify routine mattersBabsorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency【答案】B absorb user attention27.Radesk s food-testing exercise shows that mothersyuse of devices _.A takes awaybabies appetiteB distractschildren s attenti
33、onC slows down babies verbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication【答案】D reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky s cites the“still face experiment”to show that _.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC child
34、ren are insensitive to changes in their parentsmoodD parents need to respond to children s emotional needs【答案】D parents need to respond to childrenl needs s emotiona29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parentsto_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at
35、 least 30,000 words ayear C ensure constant interaction withtheir childrenD remain concerned about kid s use of screens【答案】C ensure constant interaction with their children30.According to Tronick,kid s use of screens may_.A give their parents some freetimeBmake their parents more creativeC help them
36、 with their homeworkDhelp them become more attentive【答案】A give their parents some free timeText 3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunctionwith increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causesstudents to completely overlook the possibility of takin
37、g a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back ayear,doesn t it?Andafter going to school for 12 years,it doesn t feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isn t academic.But while this may be true,it s not a good enough reason to condem
38、n gap years.There s always a constant fear of fallingehindb everyone else on the sociallyperpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medicalschool or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap yeardoes not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact,i
39、t probablyenhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take agap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college thanthose who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushesthem ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsib
40、ilities andenvironmental changesall things that first-year students often strugglewith the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes toadjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblu
41、nders.If you re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to exploreinterests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent ofcollege students end upchanging their majors at least once.This isn
42、 t surprising,considering the basicmandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poorunderstanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to anotherafter taking college classes.It s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on theschool,it can be costly
43、 to make up credits after switching too late in the game.AtBoston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap yearto figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money lateron.31.One of the
44、reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that.A they think it academically misleadingBthey have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersDit seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】C it feels strange to do differently from others32.Stud
45、ies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gapyear helps.A keep students from being unrealisticB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmen s financial burdensD relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】D relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”(Line 8,Para.3)is closest in meaning.to
46、A adaptationBapplicationCmotivationD competition【答案】A adaptation34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them.A avoid academic failuresBestablish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeD decide on the right major【答案】D decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text w
47、ould be.A In Favor of the Gap YearBThe ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackDThe Gap Year:A Dilemma【答案】A In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growingfrequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact onfederal tax dollars,says
48、Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fireecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires nearly double the percentage itspent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today aregoing towards
49、 the agency s other worksuchas forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agenciesare going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,h
50、owoften are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to awildfire?“It s already a huge problem from a publicpenditureex perspective for the wholecountry,”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate o