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1、名词变复数规则变化1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如 mapmaps,bagbags 等;2.以 s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加“es”,如 busbuses,watchwatches 等;3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 加 es,如 babybabies 等;以元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加 s 变复数,如 monkeymonkeys,holidayholidays,storeystoreys 楼层(;4.以 o 结尾的名词变复数时:as 的名词有:加photophotos,pianopianos,radioradios,zoozoos b 加 es 的名词
2、有:potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes5.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a加 s 的名词有:beliefbeliefs roofroofssafesafes gulfgulfs b 去掉 f,fe 加 ves 的名词有:halfhalves knifeknivesleafleaves wolfwolves wifewives lifelives thiefthieves 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读s,结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例:friendfriends;catcats;stylestyles;sport
3、sports;piecepieces 二、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化:统一加读iz。例:busbuses;quizquizzes;foxfoxes;matchmatches;flashflashes box boxes;watch watches;actress actresses;class classes;coach(长途车coaches;dress dresses;sandwich sandwiches;toothbrush toothbrushes;waitress(女侍者waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,
4、将 y 改变为 i,再加-es。读音变化:加读z。例:candycandies;daisy(雏菊daisies;fairyfairies;ladyladies;storystories strawberry strawberries;babybabies;puppy puppies;library libraries;dictionary dictionaries;cherrycherries;activity activities 四、以-o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s 构成复数。(有生命的加 es,无生命的加 s 读音变化:加读z。例:tomatotomato
5、es;potatopotatoes;torpedo(鱼雷torpedoes;bingo(彩票式游戏bingoes 反例:(青贮塔 silo silos;pianopianos 外来词 photophotos;(;macro(宏指令,计机算语言macros(缩写词五、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves,但有例外。读音变化:尾音f改读vz。例:knifeknives;lifelives;leafleaves;staff(员工staves;scarf(围巾scarves 目前搜集的直接加 s:roof-roofs,belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾-gulf
6、s,serf(农奴-serfs,safe-safes,chief(负责人-chiefs 这几个可变可不变:scarf-scarfs,handkerchief-handkerchiefs 六、以-us 结尾的名词(多为外来词,通常将-us 改变为-i 构成复数。读音变化:尾音Es改读ai,其中kEs要改读为sai,gEs要改读为dVai。例:fungus(真菌fungi;abacus(算盘abaci;focus(焦点foci;cactus仙人掌(cacti;cestus 拳击用的牛皮手套(cesti 七、以-is 结尾的名词,通常将-is 改变为-es。读音变化:尾音is改读i:z。例:axis
7、(轴线axes;basisbases;naris(鼻孔nares;hypothesis(假设hypotheses;restis(索状体restes 名词复数的不规则变化 1 child-childrenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意:与 man 和woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,twoEnglishmen.但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2 单复同形如:deer,shee
8、p,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,threemu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters 3集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 aperson,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,
9、theJapanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industriesand brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4以 s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in1945.联合国是 1945 年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。The Ar
10、abian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。5 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜 trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双;suit(套;a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 6 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods 货物,waters 水域,fishes(各种鱼名词练习题小学一、把下列各词变成复数形式:1、hero_ 2、potato_ 3、match_ 4、boy_ 5、city_ 6、kanga
11、roo_ 7、radio_ 8、zoo_ 9、photo_ 10、leaf_ 11、knife_ 12、scarf_ 13、mouth_14、man_ 15、foot_ 16、tooth_ 17、child_ 18、mouse_19、Frenchman_ 20、Chinese_ 21、sheep_ 22、fish_ 23、glass_ 24、German_ 二、选择填空:1.They are_ A:man doctor B:mendoctors C:men doctor D:man doctors 2.There are five_in the hill.A:sheep B:sheeps C:
12、goose D:deers 3.Those white socks_small.A:are B:is C:am D:do 4.We havemany_in our school.A:woman teacher B:women teachers C:woman teachersD:women teacher 5.Do you like_?A:vegetable B:vegetables C:an vegetable 6.Howmany_do they have?A:picture B:pictures C:a picture 7.There are six_in the room.A:volle
13、yball B:Volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs 8.There is _in our room.A:apicture and five maps B:five maps and a picture C:two pictures and five maps D:twopicture and five map 9.It is _.A:milk B:a milk C:an molk D:milks 10.Its a_.Itisnt an_.A:apple,egg B;cake,egg C:egg,orange,D:egg,cake 11.Tom an
14、d Jim are_.A:friends B:friend C:brotherD:sister 12.Where are his_?_the dresser.A:keys,They are on B:key,They areon C:keys,It is at D:key,It is in 13.How much are the _?A:bread B:potatos C:applesD:water 14.How many_ are there?A:baby cat B:babies cat C:babies cats D:baby cats15.She is a_.A:policeman B:policemen C:policewoman D:policewomen16.There is_ water in the bottle.A:few B:a few C:plenty of D:any三、将以下单复数句进行转换:1 This is a knife.2 That is a tomato._ 3 That child is verygood._ 4 These are mice._ 5 Those are children._