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1、语法填空语法填空GrammarFilling11 1、阅读、理解、阅读、理解语篇语篇的能力的能力;2 2、分析、分析句子结构句子结构的能力的能力;3 3、熟练运用、熟练运用语法语法,短语短语的能力。的能力。2语法填空题两类语法填空题两类“空空”：纯空格纯空格（3-4个）个）给词空给词空(6-7个）个）1.谓语（时态谓语（时态语态语态数）数）2.非谓语（非谓语（todo-doingdone)3.词类转换词类转换(名名形形副）副）冠、代、介、连冠、代、介、连、引导词引导词3解题关键：解题关键：1把握大意；把握大意；2找关键词；找关键词；找出句中主语、谓语、连词找出句中主语、谓语、连词主语、谓语、连
2、词主语、谓语、连词横线前后词横线前后词既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！忽略文意，直奔题目！忽略文意，直奔题目！切忌：切忌：原则：原则：4给词空考点讲解：给词空考点讲解：1.谓语（时态谓语（时态语态语态数）数）2.非谓语（非谓语（todo-doingdone)3.词类转换词类转换(名名形形副）副）51.The exam,which was originally to be held in our classroom,_(change)to the library at the last minute.2.They didnt take many chances in th
3、eir lives.They usually _(follow)orders.3.I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _(break)his finger.waschangedfollowedhadbroken考点一、谓语动词考点一、谓语动词6括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的语境和意思确定动词的数、时态和语态。数、时态和语态。如果如果空格前是助动词空格前是助动
4、词（will,shall等）、等）、情态动词情态动词（can,may,must等）或是等）或是动词加动词加to的形式的形式，则，则空格空格一定是一定是 。如果如果空格前是空格前是have的各种形式的各种形式，则想到构成，则想到构成 。如果如果空格前是空格前是be的各种形式的各种形式，则想到用，则想到用 动词原形动词原形完成时完成时进行时态或被动语态进行时态或被动语态。应试策略应试策略7谓语时态和语态的主要考点谓语时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：现在现在:一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。一般现在、一般将来、现在
5、进行、现在完成。过去过去:一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。2、时间、条件、等状语从句时间、条件、等状语从句中动词的时态中动词的时态(主将从现主将从现)(if/unless/as soon as/after/before/when等等);3、时态标志；时态标志；4、时态一致性时态一致性原则；原则；5、上下文语境；上下文语境；8reading考点二、非谓语动词考点二、非谓语动词solvedtoread1.Hesitsintheclassroom,_(read)abook.2.Willyoulendhimamagazine_(read).3.With
6、the problem _(solve),I felt proud of my achievement.9 非谓语动词，包括非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式形式和动词不定式。和动词不定式。做题时确定所给出的词与其做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。如果与中心词是主动关系，如果与中心词是主动关系，；如果与中心词是被动关系，如果与中心词是被动关系，；如果表示将来，如果表示将来，一般用一般用V-ing形式形式一般用一般用V-ed形式形式应试策略应试策略一般用动词不定式。一般用动词不定式。非谓语在单项选择里考会很难，但在语法非谓语在单项
7、选择里考会很难，但在语法填空里考，却成了比较简单的考点。如果填空里考，却成了比较简单的考点。如果“空空”所在的句子已经有了谓语动词，而所在的句子已经有了谓语动词，而且提示词是动词，那么这时候考察的是非且提示词是动词，那么这时候考察的是非谓语动词形式。谓语动词形式。如果你实在不会非谓语，这儿教你一个很如果你实在不会非谓语，这儿教你一个很无赖的方法无赖的方法(正确率很高正确率很高)：“空空”后面紧后面紧跟跟名词名词，填，填ing形式，反之填形式，反之填ed形式。形式。10uselesstightlyappearancepersonal考点三、词性转换考点三、词性转换1.Mostofthepeopl
8、einthetownshowedpityonhim,butitwas_(use).2.Hehuggedthelittleboy_(tight).3.Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir_(appear)intheChinesecalendar.4.,soImverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_(person)information.11括号内给出单词的其他形式，通括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什判断句子缺少什么成分（修饰什么词）么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确，再用正确
9、的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考查同学们的查同学们的单词拼写能力单词拼写能力。应试策略应试策略12cheaperworst考点四、形容词或副词考点四、形容词或副词worse1.One of the _(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher,Miss Chen.2.For a family of four,for example,it is more convenient as well as _(cheap)to sit comfortably at home,3.Ma
10、ny other actors are _(badly)off than me at present,13 括号内给出形容词或副词，要括号内给出形容词或副词，要根根据上下文语境据上下文语境确定用确定用原级、比较级还原级、比较级还是最高级形式是最高级形式。应试策略应试策略形容词形容词 修饰修饰名词名词/代词代词 副词副词 修饰修饰动词动词/形容词形容词/副词副词/句子句子It is/was+形容词形容词（+for/of sb)+to do14小试牛刀：小试牛刀：1.【2015课标全国课标全国 61改编改编】It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)In Yan
11、gshuo just before dawn(黎明).2.【2015安徽安徽 24改编改编】Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I _(leave)my book in the restaurant.3.【2014江西江西 22改编改编】Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with _(patient).4.【2013天津天津3 改编改编】I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are _(mea
12、ningful)things to do.5.【2014天津天津 8改编改编】After the event(活动）the _(piano)were donated to local school and community groups.6The woman look around the shop,_(keep)a eye on her baby.arrivedhadleftpatiencemoremeaningfulpianoskeeping15纯空格类考点讲解：纯空格类考点讲解：1.冠词冠词2.代词代词3.介词介词4.连词或副词连词或副词5.引导词引导词16theana考点五、冠词考点
13、五、冠词1.He lied to the teacher with_ same reason.2.You can now make _ educated decision about what career to pursue.The author of the study suggested that encouraging more books reading might be _ useful way to prevent childhood accidents.17 如果空格后是如果空格后是单数可数名词单数可数名词，就应，就应该考虑该考虑空格处空格处是否需要填是否需要填不定冠词不定冠词
14、(a,(a,an)an)。如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑虑空格处空格处是否需要填是否需要填定冠词定冠词(the)(the)。应试策略应试策略182023/2/1191.Firstly,we must understand the language when we hear _ spoken.2.The little boy pulled _right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it.3.I patiently
15、walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _.itmyselfhis考点六、代词考点六、代词20 首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果如果空格后是空格后是名词名词，就应该考虑，就应该考虑空格处空格处是是否用否用物主代词物主代词(my,your,his等等)、指示代词指示代词(this,that等等)、不定代词不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,ever
16、y,both,neither,other等等)、名词所有名词所有格或形容词格或形容词等进行修饰。等进行修饰。如果如果空格前是空格前是动词动词 ,就应考虑用人称代词就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。和反身代词。应试策略应试策略211.Television is now playing a very important role _ our life.2.more than nine thousand young Americans,dissatisfied with their training at home,went to Germany _advanced study.3.It was in
17、this very room that I gave birth _ Linda seventeen years ago.fortoin考点七、介词考点七、介词22介词可位于介词可位于名词之前名词之前。如。如at night,on Sunday等；等；也可位于也可位于形容词之后形容词之后，如，如be interested in,be good at等；等；还还可可位位于于不不及及物物动动词词之之后后，如如listen to,arrive at,look for等。等。应试策略应试策略掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；搭配；231.Ifafamilyhas
18、manychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,_,oftengetsspecialtreatment.2.Astheoxcameashore,theratjumpedoffandfinishedtheracefirst._theratgotthefirstyearnamedafterhimandtheoxgotthesecondyear.3.Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest_thenImademyfinaldecision.howeverandSo/Thus考点八、
19、连词或副词考点八、连词或副词24 空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。表示递进：表示递进：so,for,therefore,thus等；等；further,furthermore,moreover,in addition等；等；but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,等。等。表示转折：表示转折：表示因果：表示因果：表示并列：表示并列：and,or等；等；应试策略应试策略25thatwhothat考点九、引导
20、词考点九、引导词1.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would help me with my project.2.Some people say that oldest children,_ are smart and strong-willed,are very likely to succeed.3.So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that.26 空格前后都是一个句子空格前后都是一个句子,做题时做题时应该从句子的意义去判断应该从句子的意义去判断是属于什是属于什么类型的复合句（定语从句、名
21、词么类型的复合句（定语从句、名词性从句或者状语从句）性从句或者状语从句），再确定填再确定填什么引导词。什么引导词。应试策略应试策略27如何判断从句类型？空格前是名词空格前是及物动词空格前是系动词空格在句首定语从句定语从句同位语语从句同位语语从句主语从句主语从句状语从句状语从句所填词在后面句子中充当成分不充当成分所填词在后面句子中充当主宾表所填词在后面句子中充当各类状语宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句判断状语从句类型时还可以根据前后句句子之判断状语从句类型时还可以根据前后句句子之间的意思及逻辑关系来判断是什么状语从句间的意思及逻辑关系来判断是什么状语从句28小试牛刀：小试牛刀：1.【2014山东
22、山东4改编改编】Susan made _clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.2.【2014北京北京23改编改编】Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour.3.【2015重庆重庆14改编改编】He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _were published in the 1990s.4.【2014安徽安徽22改编改编】The exact year _Kat
23、e and her family spent together in China was in 2008.5.Hurryup,_youllmisstheearlybus.itwhichthat/whichinor29一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；一步来把全文看，把握主旨逻辑线；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步复读很关键，保证全文意连贯。四步复读很关键，保证全文意连贯。30Practice makes perfect.31Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly
24、when I_61_(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours_62_,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _63_(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li
25、 River_64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).Instead,I d head straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo_67_(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers_68_(conduct)by the website Tr
26、ip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people_70_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【2015课标全国
27、课标全国】32Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours_62_ ,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _63_(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.arrivedearlier/beforeits33Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for
28、 tourists seeking the limestone mountain(石灰岩山石灰岩山)tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65_(painting).Instead,I d head straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.tha
29、t/whichpaintingsby34Yangshuo_67_(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers _68_ (conduct)by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong K
30、ong,says it_ (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people_70_ (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.isconductedregularlyliving35The adobe dwellings(土坯房)61（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple be
31、auty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able)to“air condition”a house without 64 (use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow)during cool nights,thus warming the house.When a new day breaks,the walls have giv
32、en up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool)the house during the hot day;67 the same time,they warm up again for the night.This cycle 68 (go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 69 (nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【2015课标全国课标全国】builttheabilityusingslowlytocoolatgoesnaturalhow362023/2/137