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1、Lesson OneYour College YearsCollege Years vs.SeasonsSophomores FreshmenJuniorsSeniorsWarm-upI:discussion(3Minutes)What do you think the four seasons represent and explain why?Talkaboutthistopicingroups,andthenchooseonestudenttosharetheviewswiththewholeclass.e.g.Winterrepresentsthefirstcollegeyearbec
2、ausefreshmenareaspureandinnocentassnow.Freshmen:SpringSpring is the season for nature to revive,to grow and to get ready to boom.Similarly,in college,spring is the season for you to acquire knowledge,to develop yourself and to lay a solid foundation for the future.Its the season of growth.Sophomores
3、:SummerSummer is the season for flowers to bloom,and its the season for you to enjoy the greatest passion in nature love,love from your classmates,from your teachers and from your romance.Juniors:AutumnAutumn is a season of harvest in college.Its the season for you to enjoy what you have achieved.Se
4、niors:WinterWinter is the harshest season of the four,which presents so many difficulties and hardships.So winter is the season of change.Unpleasant as it may seem to some students,it is simply inescapable and beneficial to ones growth and maturity.Warm-up QuestionInthe1stcollegeyear,didyouexperienc
5、eanythingdifferentfromthatinhighschool?1)Randomlypickout1studenttosharehis/herchangesfirst;2)Self-claimbythetargetstudent.living with others cooperate,reconcile,mutualbecoming psychologically independenttaking care of oneself handling ones own finance;making ones own decisions strive to be determine
6、dIn short,changes are occurringSummaryChanges themselves are not upsetting,the way to face them is!Background Thistextisanargumentativeessayaboutwhatchangesyouwillexperienceincollegeyears,andmoreimportant,whatwaysyoushouldadoptto“change”changes.Thesis+Supportive IdeasBob Hartman-note 1,P5Thesis Iden
7、tifying3 questions：Have you ever considered Has it ever occurred to you Has it ever dawned on youThesis:Though college students seldom think about them,key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.ENTERPara.1Key PatternsItoccurstosb.to-inf/that/sthoccurstosb想到Itdawnsonsbthat/s
8、thdawnsonsb明白Translation:1）最后，我终于明白了真相。2）我从来都没想到布拉德皮特和珍妮弗安妮斯顿会离婚。3）他突然想到应该读书以准备考试。4）汤姆忽然觉得周围如此冷清，如此寂寞。Translation1）最后我终于明白了真相。Atlastthetruthdawnedonme.2）我从来都没想到布拉德皮特和珍妮弗安妮斯顿会离婚。ItneveroccurredtomethatBradPittandJenniferAnistoncouldgetdivorced.3）他突然想到应该读书以准备考试。Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthatheshouldstudy
9、forthetest.4）汤姆忽然觉得周围如此冷清，如此寂寞。ItsuddenlydawnedonTomthatitwasbecomeverylonelyandstill.Passage of Our LifefertilizedeggwithDNAcodeembryo胚胎fetus胎儿newborninfant/childteenager(infml)/adolescentadult(grownup,infml)middle-agedpensionerold-aged/elderly/seniorcitizenSkimmingQ:Whatarethekeychanges whichwillp
10、robablyhappenincollegeyears?Pleasescanthetextquicklyandmakeclearwhatthechangesareandwheretheyare?The Key Changes1.identitycrisis身份危机;2.theindependence/dependencestruggle;3.establishmentofsexualidentity;4.affectiongivingandreceiving;5.internalizationofreligiousfaith,valuesandmorals;6.developmentofnew
11、waystoorganizeanduseknowledge;7.newunderstandingoftheworldandhimself/herself.Para.2Para.3-4Para.5Para.6Para.7Para.8Para.9Further Reading(3 minutes)1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofeachpart?2)Inwhatwaysarethesupportiveideaspresented?specific examplesdefinitionexplanationstatisticscitations from authoritiesh
12、ard evidence or factsFurther Reading(3 minutes)1)Inwhatwaysarethesupportiveideaspresented?specific examplesdefinitionexplanationstatisticscitations from authoritieshard evidence or factsThe Key Changes1.identitycrisis;2.theindependence/dependencestruggle;3.establishmentofsexualidentity;4.affectiongi
13、vingandreceiving;5.internalizationofreligiousfaith,valuesandmorals;6.developmentofnewwaystoorganizeanduseknowledge;7.newunderstandingoftheworldandhimself/herself.TS+definition+citationTransitional sentence+TS+explanation+citationTS+explanation+example(contrasting ideas)TS+explanation+exampleTS+expla
14、nation+exampleTS+explanation+exampleTS+explanation+exampleStructureKey changes will happen during college years.Key changes in detailrestating the thesis:significanceThesis:Supportive ideas:Thesis consolidation:by definition,explanation,citation,antithesis,exampleDetailed Reading:identity crisis(par
15、a.2)1)Q:Can you find the definition of“identity”in this para.?howpeopleperceive感知themselvesandhowotherpeopleperceivethem.2)Blank filling:AccordingtoPiersandLandau,identityisdeterminedby_,shapedby_,andinfluencedby_.genetic endowmentenvironmentchance eventsExplain this sentence in your own words.Parap
16、hraseWhoweareisdeterminedbythreethings:first,ourgenes基因givenbyourparents;second,environment,andthird,unexpectedthings.perceiveper(totally,entirely)+ceive(take,seize)conceivedeceivereceivePractice他欺骗欺骗_同学们说明天是他妈妈的受难日，这是他设想设想_的一个阴谋，但善良的同学们都没有察觉察觉_出来，第二天全都送给他礼物，他居然很无耻地接受接受_了。deceiveconceiveperceiverece
17、iveDetailed Reading:in(dependence)struggle(paras.3-4)1)Q:Are college students totally independent from the parents?Why?No.Theymaybecomefinanciallyindependentfromtheirparentsinpursuingforacollegeeducation.Buttheyhavechosentogrowandlearnhowtobeindependent.ENTER2)Jeffery A.Hoffman observed 4 aspects to
18、 independence.What are they?1)functionalindependence2)attitudinalindependence3)emotionalindependence4)freedomfromexcessivefeelingsExplain each of them by paraphrasing.Detailed Reading:in(dependence)struggle(paras.3-4)Explaineachofthembyparaphrasing.1)Functional independence:Wecanhandleeverydaylifesi
19、tuations;Wehavetheabilitytosolvepracticalproblems;2)Attitudinal independence:Weareabletounderstandandacceptparentsorotherpeoplesdifferentattitudes,values,andbeliefs.3)Emotional independence:Wedontneedparentstotelluswhattodoornotdo.Sometimeswealsowanttogetemotionalsupportfromparents,butwearenolongerl
20、ittlebabies.WecanbeOURSELVES;4)Freedom from excessive feelings:Childrenoftenfeelveryguilty,anxious,unhappy,afraid,andangry,butwecancalmdownandjudgeourselvesandothersinareasonableway.Detailed Reading:establishment of sexual identity(para.5)femininemasculineexcitingfrustratinglowerhigherbounceintodrag
21、onesfeetsmile,excitementdismayed,dejectedlookbestworstWhat is this rhetorical device修辞手法修辞手法 called?1)Find out all the words&expressions of contrasting ideas.Antithesis对比法对比法Antithesisasafigureofspeechexploitstheexistenceofmany“natural”oppositesinthevocabulariesofalllanguages,inwhichcontrastingideas
22、areintentionallyputinbalancedphrasesorclauses.AntithesisGivemeliberty,orgivemedeath.Themoreacutetheexperience,thelessarticulateitsexpression.The author uses antithesis here to give a focus to how college students are stressful in establishing their sexual identity.1)“I”related to“my”fatherIn the pas
23、t“I”was encouraged by“my”father;now“I”was encouraging him.The example reflects the change that college students are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world.Detailed Reading:affection giving and receiving(para.6)2)Sentence pattern:It is a timewhenc.f.It is a time(forsb)todosthIt
24、 is a timeforsth/doingsthDetailed Reading:affection giving and receiving(para.6)Blank FillingItisatimeforchildren_thanksfortheirmotherslove.(show)Itisatimefor_lovedoneswhohavedeparted.(remember)Itisatimetooshort_aworld-without-endbargainin.(make)ItwasdinnertimewhenRob_home.(get)Itisatimewhenwe_decis
25、ionsbyourselves.(make)to showrememberingto makegotshould/could makeDetailed Reading:internalization of religious faith,values and morals(para.7)astoryaboutracialprejudice种族偏见Make a story about regional prejudice by imitating the sentence patterns here and share your story with the class.Detailed Rea
26、ding:development of new ways to organize and use knowledge(para.8)1)Q:How the word“way”is modified?(P.22)theway+clause(1,6)Away+to-infinitivephrase(2,3,8)Away+of+gerundnoun(4,5,7)Detailed Reading:a new understanding of the world and himself/herself(para.9)1)Q:How do college students become world cit
27、izens?At college,the young adults have good chances to meet people from different cultures.By interacting with them,they are introduced to new ways of life.They begin to understand life in different ways.By doing these,they experience a new understanding of the world and themselves.Review:case study
28、1)studyingandlivingwithparentstogether;2)Indulging放纵him/herselfinthepangs痛苦ofdisappointedlove;3)playingcomputergamesallnightandattendingclasseslateornotatall;4)beingtotallyburiedinbooksandneverrelatingtoothers5)beingtotallyburiedinbooksandneverrelatingtoothersindependence struggledevelop new ways to
29、 organize and use knowledgeestablish sex identityfunctional independenceaffection giving and receivingHomework1)Dotheexercisesofthisunit;2)Learnthefollowingkeywords&expressionswiththehelpofreferencebooks;3)Makecleartheusageof“perceive”&“conceive”withprofoundexamples.capability,counsel,project,shrink
30、,inhibition,inherit,affirm,contribute,involvedrag ones feet,in/with relation to,in a different light,stand back,bounce intoUnit One:Your College Years1)LanguageStudy2)Grammar3)ExerciseHomework1)Dotheexercisesofthisunit;2)Learnthefollowingkeywords&expressionswiththehelpofreferencebooks;3)Makeclearthe
31、usageof“perceive”&“conceive”withprofoundexamples.capability,counsel,project,shrink,inhibition,inherit,affirm,contribute,involvedrag ones feet,in/with relation to,in a different light,stand back,bounce intoperceiveconceiveRealize认识，明白Imagine想象，设想Understand明白，了解Workout想出，解决Consider考虑，认为Bepregnant怀孕Lan
32、guage Study:perceive&conceiveperceive&conceive1)perceivesth/that-:notice,realize,orfeelsth察觉，意识到understandsthbystudying&observing理解，思考2)perceivesb/sthas:regard,consider把看作1)conceive(of)sth:imaginethatsthmighthappen(oftennegative)想象，设想2)conceive(of)sb/sthas:consider把看作3)conceive(of)aplanoridea:thinko
33、fanideaorworkoutaplan构想，设计4)sbconceivesorababyisconceived:bepregnant怀孕Choose the word:perceive/conceive1)He_thathecouldnotmakehisdaughterchangehermind.2)He_ofthebeautifullysimpleidea.3)Doyou_whatImeanhere?4)Hecouldnever_ofsuchathinghappeningtohimself.5)Peopleusedto_ofdiseaseasapunishmentforsin.6)The
34、Wrightbrothers_thedesignofthefirstsuccessfulmotor-poweredplane.perceivedconceivedperceiveconceiveconceivedconceiveLanguage study:key wordsCounsel劝告，建议(para6,line3)Inhibition禁止，阻止(para4,lastLbut1)Affirm断言(para8,line1)Contribute贡献(para10,line2)Inherit继承(para2,line6)Capability能力，才能(para4,line4)Project设
35、计，计划(para5,line2)Shrink收缩(para6,line5)Involve包括takeover承袭，接管abilitydesign,plangetsmallerincludeadvisehang-up挂断Declare宣称，声明Cause给带来c.f.distribute,attributedistributev.togivethingstoalargenumberofpeople;tospreadsth.overanarea(handout)分发，分配，散布，发行distributeweddingcandiesamongfriendsdistributemagazinesto
36、subscribersdistributemanure肥料overafieldattributen.afeatureofsb./sth.(quality)特性，属性，性质 v.tosayorbelievethatsth.istheresultofaparticularthing(oweto;ascribeto)归因于Politenessisanattributeofagentleman.Heattributeshissuccesstoluckiness.inheritance,heritage inheritanceusuallyreferstomoneyorpropertywhichyour
37、eceivefromsomeone whohasdied.heritageisabigwordwhichcanbeusedtodescribeallthetraditions/cultures/featuresoflife,etcthathavecontinued for many yearsandhavebeenpassed on from one generation to another.Translation遗产税inheritancetax基因遗传geneticinheritance世界文化遗产worldculturalheritage国粹nationalheritageCapabi
38、lity of sth/doing sth;to do sthc.f.capability,ability,capacity,faculty1)ability主要指人的智力或体力，可能是先天的，也可能是通过学习或锻炼获得。强调能或不能。其后接to do sth或in/for sth。2）capability含义相似，既可指人，又可指物。强调“固有、潜在的能力”，其后接to do sth/of doing sth/for sth。3)capacity强调人的忍耐接受能力或物的容纳能力，其后接for sth/of sth。4)faculty强调人的官能，其后接for sth/of sth。Mult
39、iple choicesOurcountryhasthe_todefeatanyintruder.A.facultyB.capabilityC.abilityD.capacityThehallhasa_offivehundredpeople.A.facultyB.capabilityC.abilityD.capacityBDIwillcarryoutyourinstructionstothebestofmyability_.A.facultyB.capabilityC.abilityD.capacityThechildsreading_wasgreat.A.abilityB.capabilit
40、yC.capacityD.facultyC(固定搭配固定搭配)AManistheonlyanimalthathasthe_ofspeech.A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.facultyTheprofessorinhislecturewentbeyond超过，胜过the_ofhisaudience.A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.facultyDCProject:toprojectadamtoprojectslidesonascreentoprojectashadow投影toprojectapositiveimagetopro
41、jectfeelingstoprojectonesheadthroughthewindowpro:supportive支持的，有支持作用的,forward向前;ject:tothrow扔，抛,shoot射proceedprogresspromotepropelprovokepro-Britishabjectdejectejectinjectinterjectreject前进；进步促进推进激怒，招惹亲英派的 凄惨的，可怜的使沮丧，使气馁逐出，排斥注射，注入介入，插入拒绝，回绝get smaller:shrink,shrivel(up),contract Clothesgetssmallershr
42、inkMetalsgetsmallercontractMusclesgetsmallerandtightercontractAfruitorplantgetssmallershrivelupSkingetlooseanddriedshrivelup翻译：他因为紧张胃部一阵痉挛。热水会使羊毛缩水。树叶在秋天枯萎。虽然她还不到30，但看上去面有菜色，十分干枯。一般说来，金属会热涨冷缩。1)Thecompanyhasdecidedto_itssalesbytenpercentnextyear.2)Theowneroftherestaurantisgoingto_thekitchenbytenfeet
43、thisyear.3)Themetalwill_ifheated.extendincreaseexpandincreaseextendexpandExtend,increase,expandLanguage study:phrasesinadifferentlightinthelightof鉴于，由于standback靠后站in/withrelationto关系到dragonesfeetbounceintotodistanceoneselfwithreferenceto/concerningwalkslowlywalkquicklyfromadifferentperspectiveconsid
44、eringHow to walk!TowalkquicklyTowalkslowlyinarelaxedwayTowalkslowlybecauseyouaretiredTowalkslowlybecauseyouareinpainorweakTowalkslowlyandcarefullyTowalkinanunsteadywayTowalkwithheavy,noisystepsTowalkquietlyTowalkproudlyTowalkthroughwaterstride,bounce into,pacestroll,sauntertrudgehobble&limp,shufflep
45、ick your waystagger,stumblestomptiptoe,creepswagger,strutwade,paddleHomeworkLearnthewordsandphrasesbyheart;Checkthemlater.ReviewStride:大步流星Pace：来回踱步Stroll:漫步，闲逛Saunter:蹓跶Trudge:步履艰难Hobble:跛行Shuffle:挪脚Stagger:蹒跚学步Stumble:跌跌撞撞Stomp:跺脚Tiptoe:踮脚走Creep:悄声无息地走Swagger:大摇大摆地走，横着走Strut:昂首阔步Wade:涉水Paddle:戏水，蹚
46、水Pickyourway:择路而行Anobjectistherecipientofanactionwhichoftenfollowsatransitive过渡的verborapreposition.Whatcanfunctionasobjectarenouns,pronouns,numerals,infinitivephrases,gerund,nounclauses,etc.Example:Doyouknowwherehelives?“Where he lives is the objective clause of“know”.Grammar:object宾语宾语Duringthistim
47、e,studentsareendeavoring努力，尝试tofindoutwhotheyareandwhattheirstrengthsandweaknessare.aninfinitivephraseusedastheobjectoftheverbWhich part is the object?Atthesametime,theseyoungadultsarelearninghowtogiveandreceiveaffectionintheadultworld.wh-wordplusaninfinitivephraseusedasanobjectoftheverbWhich part i
48、s the object?Hoffmanobservedthattherearefourdistinctaspects不同的方面topsychologicalseparationfromourparents.“that”clauseusedastheobjectofaverbWhich part is the object?Allthestudentshouldbeawareofhowtheyreacttonewknowledgeandnewwaysoflearning“how”clauseusedastheobjectofapreposition Which part is the obje
49、ct?Hewasluckytoescapebeingsenttoprison.thepassiveofagerundusedastheobjectofaverbWhich part is the object?affordattemptarrangebegchooseclaimdaredecidedeclinedetermineexpectfailintendlongmanageofferseekundertaketo doto doGrammar:objectVerbsthatareoftenfollowedbyaninfinitivephraseasobject:askconsiderde
50、cidediscoverdiscussexplainfind outforgetVerbsthatareoftenfollowedbywh-wordplusaninfinitivephraseasobject:inquire打听，询问打听，询问knowlearnshowtellunderstandwonder惊叹，好奇惊叹，好奇undertakewhen/where/why/who/whom/how/whether to doGrammar:objectadmitavoidconsiderdelaydenyescapeexcusefancyimagineVerbsthatareoftenfol